发生在东海近海与Elnino现象有关海洋污染若干典型个例     

何发祥 《海洋湖沼通报》1997,(1):6-12

探讨Ｅｌｎｉｎｏ不同类型赤潮成因和对湄洲湾油污现象进行一些讨论 。  相似文献   

水面油膜微波辐射特性实验室测量与分析     

逄爱梅  孙元福 《海岸工程》2003,22(4):36-41

要实现利用微波辐射计对海面溢油的厚度等参数进行遥感监测，必须先对水面油膜的微波辐射特性进行研究，以便为传感器的设计和遥感资料的解译提供依据。在实验室条件下，利用“灰体室”的环境条件及测量方法，测试了原油、燃料油和食用植物油膜的微波发射率与油膜厚度之间的关系，并对测量结果进行分析和讨论。为实际应用提供技术资料。  相似文献   

The effects of sodium sulfate on the emissions characteristics of an emulsified marine diesel oil-fired furnace     

Cherng-Yuan Lin  Jenq-Yih Pan 《Ocean Engineering》2001,28(4)

Degraded diesel oils are commonly used in marine power plants to conform to the demands of shipowners for fuel economy. The burning of these marine fuel oils, which frequently contain various extents of oxides of iron, silicon, calcium, vanadium and potassium, such as Na₂SO₄, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂, CaO, V₂O₅, etc., are susceptible to form much more complex compounds of either gaseous or solid phases. The release of these emissions to the environment may cause atmospheric pollution and a health hazard to human beings. Emulsification of a fuel oil with water to produce a micro-water-particles-dispersed-in-oil (W/O) emulsion has been considered as one of the promising techniques to improve combustion characteristics of low-grade marine oils and in turn effectively help to reduce the release of air pollutants. Marine fuel oil A, which approximates ASTM No. 2D oil was used as the test oil and the surfactant Span 80 was used to promote the affinity and integrating force between the components of the emulsion. An emulsifying/homogenizing machine was employed to stir the emulsion mixture of the marine oil, distilled water, surfactant Span 80 and sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) powder of 300 ppm. The mechanically blended emulsion mixture was injected, atomized and burned in an oil-fired furnace using an automatic burner. Burning gas composition, burning efficiency and gas temperature were measured and analyzed. Compared to neat marine diesel oil, W/O emulsions had higher combustion efficiencies, higher concentrations of O₂ and SO₂, while gas temperatures were lowered and CO and NO_x production was reduced. The addition of sodium sulfate decreased combustion efficiency and NO_x concentration and increased O₂, CO, and SO₂ concentrations.  相似文献   

黄岛原油码头管道腐蚀的原因分析     

邹中坚  张连生  朱相荣  周玲玲 《海洋科学》1990,14(3):44-47

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大庆地区东西剖面油气的应力圈闭初探     

朱庆杰  朱而勤  杨秀萍  杨桂芳 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1994,(2)

以大庆地区地质资料为基础，应用弹性力学问题的有限单元法．计算大庆地区东西剖面的应力场，分析多个指标的分布特点及其所指示的应力圈闭和流体活动特点，为今后油田的勘探和开发提供新依据。  相似文献   

Deep petroleum occurrences in the Lower Kura Depression, South Caspian Basin, Azerbaijan: an organic geochemical and basin modeling study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sedat Inan  M. Namik Yalin  Ibrahim S. Guliev  Kerem Kuliev  A. Akper Feizullayev 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1997,14(7-8)

High sedimentation rates (as much as 2500 m/Ma) during Pliocene-Pleistocene, with a resultant undercompacted section as thick as 10,000 m, and lower than normal geothermal gradients are the main characteristics which have created all the means for generation and preservation of oil at deep layers in the Lower Kura Depression.Oils collected from eight different oil fields for analyses seem to have originated from a common source rock which probably is clastic, deposited in relatively subanoxic to suboxic transitional marine environment receiving low to moderate input of terrestrial organic matter.Oils from shallow (< 3000 m) and cold (< 70–80°C) reservoirs have been altered to various extent by bacterial activity.A computer-aided basin modeling study has been carried out to outline the spatial variation of the oil window and thus help in further identification of possible source rocks for the reservoired oil in the Lower Kura Depression. Results suggest that the potential hydrocarbon source horizons of the Miocene and Pliocene Red Bed Series of the so called Productive Succession are, even at depocenter areas, immature with respect to oil generation, and thus, are very unlikely to have been source rocks for the reservoired oils. However, the Oligocene-Lower Miocene Maykop rocks are marginally mature to mature depending on locality and the Eocene and older rocks are mature with respect to oil generation at all representative field locations. Oil generation commenced at the end of Pliocene and continues at present at depths between 6000 and 12,000 m.An unusually deep (> 10,000 m) oil window in the depocenter areas has been caused by the depressed isotherms due to extremely high sedimentation rates (up to 3000 m/Ma) for the last two million years. The main phase of oil generation is taking place at depths greater than what most of the wells in the study are have reached.  相似文献   

Integrating economy, ecology and uncertainty in an oil-spill DSS: The Prestige accident in Spain, 2002   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kai W. Wirtz  Xin Liu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,70(4):525

Major accidental oil spills still affect sensitive marine areas and shorelines around the world, constituting a challenge for operational as well as strategic contingency management. As a rationale basis for addressing both issues we here propose a Decision Support System (DSS) consisting of a combination of modelling and evaluation methods which in particular assesses various impacts on habitats and local economies. By integrating the state-of-the-art oil spill contingency simulation system OSCAR with wind and current forecasts, environmental GIS data and multi-criteria analysis techniques, the DSS is able to rank different response actions to a chemical or oil spill. In this study, the usefulness of the approach is tested by hindcasting the Prestige accident off the coast of Spain in 2002. In particular, the short- to mid-term economic and ecological consequences of different mitigation measures are estimated. We identified clearly one worst option matching the actual decision taken by the responsible parties and one or two almost equally well performing routes. Two procedures of including uncertainty at various stages of the DSS are tested. The first method averages ensembles of outcomes between each modelling/evaluation stage, while the second one preserves the entire degree of freedom till the final ranking procedure. Results in the Prestige case turned out to be rather insensitive against both ways to account for uncertainties. The robustness as well as clarity of the DSS has the potential to enhance the efficiency of decision making even in politically sensitive situations. Limitations as well as ongoing improvements of the system are highlighted, in particular emphasizing linkages to environmental economics.  相似文献   

The North Cape oil spill: hydrocarbons in Rhode Island coastal waters and Point Judith Pond.     

C M Reddy  J G Quinn 《Marine environmental research》2001,52(5):445-461

On 19 January 1996, the North Cape oil barge ran aground near Moonstone Beach, RI, and spilled over 2700 metric tons of No. 2 fuel oil during a severe winter storm. High winds and rough seas drove the oil into the water column, and the oil spread throughout Block Island Sound and into several coastal salt ponds. Over 50 water samples were collected from Point Judith Pond (PJP) and the southern coast of Rhode Island for four months after the spill and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). These analyses revealed that at least 60 km2 of coastal waters were impacted from the spill. Maximum concentrations of sigmaPAHs and TPHs were 115 and 3940 microg l(-1), respectively. The percentage of sigmaPAHs relative to the TPHs for all samples varied from 0.2 to 43%, showing that there was no clear relationship between sigmaPAHs and TPHs for the whole dataset and likely resulting from spatial and temporal partitioning over the course of the spill. However, within the dataset, there were stronger correlations for distinct samples collected at similar locations and times. In PJP, water column concentrations of individual PAHs decreased at rates of 0.08-0.24 day(-1) and lower-molecular weight PAHs were removed faster than higher-molecular weight PAHs.  相似文献   

东海西湖凹陷平湖构造带油气运聚特征   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

胡芬  叶加仁  刘俊海 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2003,23(1):95-102

平湖构造带是东海西湖凹陷的一个次级构造单元，是油气勘探的重点区域之一，应用流体包裹体及碳同位素组成等研究了构造带内的油气运聚特征，并与凹陷内的另一个主要油气聚集带－浙东中央背斜带的油气运聚特征进行对比。研究表明，平湖构造带经历了2期油气充注过程，其中第1期主要充注液态烃，第2期主要充注气态烃，充注时间相对较晚，且第1期古地温低于第2期；构造带内油气运移以侧向运移为主，该区是有利于的油气运移指向区。  相似文献   

对黄海中、古生界地质构造特征及油气远景的新认识   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

冯志强  姚永坚  曾祥辉  王群  王嘹亮  陈强  易海  王衍棠 《海洋地质前沿》2002,18(11):17-20

近两年来开展了新一轮大调查，根据长排列多道地震资料显示，北黄海在印支-燕山运动形成的隆起背景下，分布着4个中，新生代拗陷，最大沉积厚度8000m，其中晚侏罗-早白垩世沉积厚度6000m，是拗陷中主要的生储油层，局部构造类型主要为断块，断背斜，潜山及反转背斜等，具有形成中小型油气田的潜力。南黄海是下扬子后加里东台地的主体，于中部隆起及其两侧，广泛分布着厚度大于5000m的较稳定的晚古生代-早中生代海相地层；中生代以来，在中部隆起南侧发育了裂谷型盆地，可与苏北盆地对比；其北侧，则在苏胶造山带与中部隆起之间形成前陆盆地，其面积约4万km^2，古生代及中，新生代沉积厚度可达15000m，具有海相及陆相多层系，多类型的成藏系统，局部构造类型多，晚期成藏条件好，具有形成大中型油气田的潜力。南黄海的“黄北前陆盆地”是本区最有远景的战略勘探区。对中部隆起区，应加强研究，以期在非构造圈闭油气田方面有新的发现。  相似文献