石灰岩发育土壤团聚体形成机制研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

任娇娇  周运超  刘兵  张春来 《中国岩溶》2019,38(5):722-728

土壤团聚体是土壤最基本的结构单元。为了解岩溶地区石灰岩发育土壤团聚体的形成机制,选择贵阳市花溪区花溪水库石灰岩所发育的土壤为材料,采用干、湿筛法,分析团聚体颗粒的分级情况,并比较拆分有机质与钙镁铁铝离子间连接后四种离子含量的变化以及团聚体各粒级含量的变化。结果显示:团聚体是由细小颗粒在胶结物质有机质与钙镁铁铝离子结合下形成微团聚体,进一步形成更大粒级的团聚体,最后在分子力的作用下粘结土粒或者其他团聚体形成完整的团聚体结构;有机质与钙离子的结合是团聚体形成的主要胶结物质,其次为有机质与镁铁离子的结合,有机制与铝离子的结合作用不大,这与石灰岩矿物主要是碳酸钙有关;研究区发育土壤大粒级水稳性团聚体含量相对较高,土壤抗蚀性好,抵抗侵蚀能力强。   相似文献   

Multi-scale study of permeability evolution of a bentonite clay owing to pollutant transport: Part II. Application to an MG-bentonite     

F. Bouchelaghem  N. Jozja 《Engineering Geology》2009,108(3-4):286-294

This paper is concerned with the application of a multi-scale model of permeability evolution to the simulation of permeation tests of lead nitrate solutions in a compacted natural bentonite. In a previous work, the weathered hydraulic conductivity has been measured for different pollutant concentrations. Textural and structural evolutions induced by heavy metal sorption have also been investigated, therefore giving us information about the various pore spaces that may be encountered during the process of pollutant leaching. Such knowledge has been exploited during the construction of the numerical microstructures. First of all, pure water permeability tests have been simulated, this has allowed us to ascertain the representation of compacted clay before pollutant permeation. For both Prrenjas and Wyoming clays, permeation tests after pollutant permeation have then been simulated, using connected and non-connected macro-voids configurations. Different conclusions have been drawn based on simulation results for the two different clays investigated, which are supported by experimental evidence.  相似文献   

Behavior of single rammed aggregate piers considering installation effects     

Jian-Feng Chen  Jie Han  Sadik Oztoprak  Xiao-Ming Yang 《Computers and Geotechnics》2009,36(7):1191-1199

A three-dimensional numerical method was used to simulate cavity expansion during installation and an in situ load test conducted on a single rammed aggregate pier (RAP). Verification of the numerical model was carried out by comparing the computed settlements at top and tip of the pier with the measured values. An un-rammed aggregate pier (UAP) of the same diameter and length was also simulated using the numerical method to demonstrate the effect of installation. Interpretations of the numerical results were focused on the load–settlement behavior, the bulging of the pier, the axial load distributions along the pier, and the stress paths of the soil around the pier. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of the pier length/diameter ratio and the soil properties on the behavior of rammed and un-rammed aggregate piers.  相似文献   

高吸力下黏性土的抗剪强度和体变特性     

徐筱  赵成刚 《岩土力学》2018,39(5):1598-1611

非饱和土中土-水之间的相互作用可区分为毛细作用和吸附作用,已有的非饱和土力学特性的研究大都局限于较低吸力、毛细作用占优范围。实践中由于环境的变化,地表土体常经历干湿循环及处在低含水率、高吸力状态,此时吸附作用占优。针对高岭土-河砂配制的非膨胀性黏性土,采用饱和盐溶液蒸汽平衡法,从脱湿和吸湿两种吸力路径下对土体施加高吸力。测试了高吸力下土体的强度和变形特性,试验中选用了0（接近无侧限）、25、50、100 kPa共4组小围压。试验结果表明,高吸力下土体表现为应变软化型破坏和剪胀性。随着围压的施加,土体从沿纵向开裂的张裂破坏过渡为剪切破坏。验证了修正后的Bishop非饱和土强度公式不适用于描述高吸力时峰值抗剪强度的变化,得到了高吸力下峰值抗剪强度可用相对于净应力的临界状态强度和剪胀作用来表示。分析发现,高吸力时土体的抗剪强度和比表面积直接相关,吸力对土体抗剪强度的作用取决于土体集聚体组构的形成和发展程度及其导致的剪胀作用。  相似文献   

风积沙轻骨料混凝土冻融损伤及寿命预测研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

董伟  申向东  赵占彪  何静  俞婷婷 《冰川冻土》2015,37(4):1009-1015

基于浮石轻骨料混凝土为基础, 将不同质量的风积沙作为细骨料替代部分河砂, 研究风积沙轻骨料混凝土冻融损伤机理及服役寿命. 通过室内快速冻融循环试验, 定量分析风积沙轻骨料混凝土的抗冻耐久性能. 在整个冻融循环期内, 相对动弹性模量的变化规律可分为直线下降阶段、 直线+曲线下降阶段、 曲线下降阶段. 以此为基础, 建立轻骨料混凝土直线和曲线双段式相对动弹性模量衰减方程, 依据5组混凝土的抗冻试验结果对方程进行了验证, 并预测其在西部地区的服役寿命. 结果表明: 直线和曲线双段式的相对动弹性模量衰减方程能够准确的反应混凝土冻融损伤劣化规律. 风积沙最优替代率为20%, 可以满足25 a的使用寿命. 损伤模型可为沙漠地区混凝土使用提供一定的理论依据.  相似文献   

喀斯特石漠化地区土壤地下漏失的机理研究——以贵州普定县陈旗小流域为例   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11  

唐益群  张晓晖  周洁  佘恬钰  杨坪  王建秀 《中国岩溶》2010,29(2):121-127

土壤的地下漏失是喀斯特石漠化地区一种特殊的水土流失方式。本文以喀斯特石漠化严重地区——贵州普定县陈旗小流域为例,阐明了土壤地下漏失的过程及其机理。研究结果表明喀斯特地区特殊的地质环境为土壤的地下漏失创造了有利的空间条件;地表降水的大量渗漏为土壤的地下漏失提供了侵蚀的水动力条件;风干的土壤团聚体遇水易崩解,离散出的细粒物质可沿土间孔隙和岩溶裂隙向地下空间迁移;岩溶洞隙内填积的粘土在流水的浸润软化下呈可塑、软塑甚至流塑状,可向其下的溶洞、地下河蠕滑搬运,最终导致地表土壤漏失。   相似文献   

Soil physical properties change in the process of oasisization     

Hui Wang  WenZhi Zhao  LiShan Shan 《寒旱区科学》2010,2(4):0345-0353

Oasisization is a process of converting a natural desert into a man-made oasis in order to satisfy social needs under certain economical and technical conditions. This paper substitutes space for time in order to study physical property changes of oasis soil along the oasisization in about a 1,000-year period. This research focuses on providing the bases for better understanding the process of oasisization. The results show: (1) In about 1,000-year chronological scale, the bulk density and the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity of the surface layer (0-20 cm) significantly reduced with the increase of land reclamation time, while soil porosity, stability of aggregates, and silt content significantly increased. The soil bulk density of the unreclaimed filed (0 year) and the reclaimed field (about 1,000 years) in the surface layer (0-20 cm) are 1.51 g/cm3 and 1.35 g/cm3, the total porosity are 43.16% and 49.27%, the capillary porosity are 38.73% and 47.10%, the water-stable aggregate (0.25 mm) content are 24.60% and 49.59%, the sand content are 85.42% and 61.56%, the clay content are 3.93% and 4.80%, the specific surface area are 128 cm2/g and 231 cm2/g, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity are 0.74 cm/h and 0.34 cm/h, respectively. (2) In the first 30 years of the oasis reclamation, the changes are relatively fast, and the rates of the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, dry aggregate (0.25 mm), water-stable aggregate (0.25 mm) content, and specific surface area are 0.01 cm/h·yr, 0.58%/yr, 0.50%/yr, and 1.48 cm2/g yr, respectively.  相似文献   

Reducing Environmental Impact of Aggregate Excavation in Small Tropic Pacific Islands     

薛春汀 《海洋通报(英文版)》2004,6(2):45-50

Excavating sands and gravel on land in combination with constructing reservoirs for storing fresh water is an ideal approach in atolls. Appropriate mining of gravel from the prograding gravel beach is acceptable. Digging reef rock close to the edge of the wide ocean reef flat without surface loose sediments on it or sand beach can be accepted. Excavating sand from some depths in lagoon is a scientific approach particularly important for urbanized atolls. However, selecting appropriate sites for mining sand other than at some depths in lagoon is suitable to rural islands without dense populations. These sites include up drift side of long groin on the reef flat,partly filled access channel-port, outlet of artificial channel and lagoon margin on the prograding coast.  相似文献   

再生混凝土的低温抗震性变化对比分析          下载免费PDF全文

关宏洁  王群  田晶 《地震工程学报》2019,41(2):326-331

再生混凝土作为建筑材料在被使用前,需要对其低温抗震性能做出分析。但目前我国是全球新建筑数量最多的国家,再生混凝土成本低、需求量大,建筑方根据对普通混凝土的印象,直接将再生混凝土应用到建筑工程建设中,其中存在低温抗震性能不明确的问题。针对这个问题,提出再生混凝土的低温抗震性变化对比分析,通过再生混凝土的材料配比及实验搭建设计再生混凝土低温抗震结构模型。根据其指标对其低温抗冻性能、加速度变化、损伤指标、刚度稳定性、层位移变化等几个方面进行变化对比分析。对比实验结果表明:再生混凝土当含气量在逐渐降低时,其保温效果降低,强度在降低,抗冻性也在降低,耐久性和稳定性较差,并且在地震后楼层间的位移和加速度变化较大,不能保证楼层的稳定性;位移角无法降低到最小;随着位移和负载地震力不断增加,再生混凝土逐渐产生开裂变化,刚度减小速度较快,刚度退化程度较大,低温抗震性能较差。  相似文献   

强震区轻骨料混凝土桥梁地震响应研究          下载免费PDF全文

惠迎新  台玉吉  金宝宏  王海东 《世界地震工程》2019,35(1):193-200

为研究轻骨料混凝土桥梁的地震响应,以一座强震区典型连续梁桥为研究对象,在考虑轻骨料混凝土材料特性基础上建立桥梁结构有限元分析模型,采用非线性动力时程分析法进行结构地震响应分析,研究轻骨料混凝土材料布设位置对桥梁结构动力特性和地震响应的影响,并从内力和位移响应方面与普通混凝土桥梁进行对比。结果表明:与普通混凝土桥梁相比,仅上部结构或仅下部结构采用轻骨料混凝土对降低桥墩内力并不明显,而全桥采用轻骨料混凝土能够显著降低桥墩内力。轻骨料混凝土桥梁与普通混凝土桥梁地震内力和位移响应变化趋势不同,桥墩塑性发展程度和时间存在差异。采用轻骨料混凝土桥梁方案时,应综合考虑结构质量、刚度分布及材料塑性特性与普通混凝土桥梁的不同,合理确定抗震设计方案。  相似文献