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排序方式: 共有277条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
22.
Silica mobility and fluid movement during metamorphism of the Connemara schists, Ireland 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
Quartz veins are developed in a wide range of metasediment types in the upper amphibolite facies rocks of Connemara, and attest to considerable migration of silica. Contrary to common assumptions, there is clear evidence that these veins do not primarily result from movement of fluid to regions of lower P–T down the regional geothermal gradient. Under amphibolite facies conditions, a dilute chloride fluid moving down temperature has the potential to alter 60g of plagioclase to muscovite for each gram of vein quartz precipitated, while cooling over the temperature interval from 650 to 500° C. The absence of significant metasomatic effects in the vein walls effectively precludes a simple origin from such through-flowing, externally derived fluids. The oxygen isotopic composition of matrix quartz shows considerable differences between different rock types (quartzite, pelite and marble), with a range of δ18OSMOW from c.+ 11.5% (quartzite) to + 18.5% (marble). In each rock type, vein quartz compositions closely match those of the matrix quartz. These results demonstrate the importance of local segregation processes in the formation of veins, and suggest that fluid convection cells were not developed during metamorphism on a scale larger than the individual sedimentary formations, if at all. Both oxygen isotope data and the absence of metasomatism indicate that veins form primarily by segregation of quartz from the host lithologies, with only a relatively minor component of through flow of externally derived fluid. Veins are clearly not the major pathways of metamorphic dewatering. It is proposed that abundant veins in the predominantly pelitic Ballynakill Formation formed during peak metamorphic D3 folding because the formation was embrittled by high fluid pressures but was capped by impermeable marble. Hence the pelitic formation fractured repeatedly and the pore fluid drained through the fractures to form veins, while irreversible loss through the rest of the succession was a much less important process. In the central mountains of Connemara, rather pure, unreactive quartzites are cut by widely spaced, laterally extensive quartz veins that are axial planar to D3 folds. These veins may mark pathways whereby metamorphic fluid made its way through the massive impermeable quartzite from lower parts of the nappe pile, but here too, oxygen isotope data indicate considerable segregation of locally derived quartz, reflecting the importance of pumping of fluid between wail rocks and fractures relative to the component of through flow. 相似文献
23.
中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)榴辉岩磷灰石脉体中铁的氧化物、重晶石和独居石出溶物的发现及其意义 总被引:5,自引:8,他引:5
CCSD主孔榴辉岩等UHP岩石中存在团块状到不规则脉体状的磷灰石集合体,它们多与石英脉共生,显微镜下观察发现这些磷灰石脉体存在大量出溶物,电子探针和激光拉曼光谱仪联合测定显示磷灰石主要为氟磷灰石,其中出溶物主要有四类:A.不规则状的磁铁矿和赤铁矿的连生体;B.针状赤铁矿;C.板状到菱型的独居石;D.针状锶重晶石。A类出溶物的延长方向平行于磷灰石的C轴,长度介于10~50μm;B类主要沿磷灰石的C轴方向排列,宽仅为0.5~2μm,多数在1.5μm左右,长度变化较大,为6~50μm;C类独居石出溶体宽约6~10μm,多为6μm,长约50~75μm;D类锶重晶石主要与B类赤铁矿出溶物共生,宽多1.5μm左右,长约60~70μm。其中A,B和D类出溶物是在磷灰石中首次发现。四类出溶物的长轴和生长方向均基本平行于磷灰石之C轴,显示它们可能是基本同时出溶的。CCSDUHP岩石中氟磷灰石脉体的存在及其铁氧化物、磷酸盐和硫酸盐出溶体的发现,显示UHP岩石在折返的过程中,快速减压曾造成矿物的分解和大量出溶体的形成,伴随脱水和SiO2等硅酸盐熔体的出溶,还存在少量的磷酸盐熔体,同时可能曾经有铁氧化物的熔浆的加入。磷灰石中铁氧化物等出溶物的出溶是在氧逸度较高的环境下进行的. 相似文献
24.
25.
The Taparko gold deposit, located in the eastern branch of the Proterozoic Birimian Bouroum-Yalogo greenstone belt (Burkina
Faso) consists of a network of quartz veins developed in a N 170° trending shear zone (250 m wide, 4 km long) superimposed
on the regional Birimian structural pattern. The quartz vein network is composed of: (a) a dominant array of quartz veins
(type 1), parallel to the shear zone and comprising strongly deformed dark quartz exhibiting foliation, layering, ribbon,
tension gashes, etc.; (b) oblique and subparallel related veins (type 2) of gray to white weakly deformed quartz crosscutting
the dominant quartz veins resulting in breccia structures; and (c) shallow dipping veins (type 3), cross-cutting veins types
1 and 2 and filled by undeformed white buck structure quartz. Cross-cutting relationships and different quartz types in different
veins and within individual veins imply a concomitant filling of the veins during the progressive deformation. Initial sinistral
transcurrent shearing evolved with time to sinistral reverse shearing. Metallic minerals occur only in type 1 and 2 veins
and were deposited in two stages, with native gold being related to second stage sulfides. Gold (and chalcopyrite) precipitated
preferentially upon the surfaces of fractured pyrite grains in low-pressure sites (pressure shadow zones) around and/or within
the sulfide grains (along subsequently annealed fractures). The formation of the South Taparko deposit can be divided into
a succession of events: (a) during the first event, N 170°-directed sinistral transcurrent shearing resulted in a N 20° mylonitic
foliation and fractured rock which allowed H2O-, CO2- and SiO2-rich fluids to circulate and deposit quartz with buck texture; (b) during the second event, type 1 quartz was strongly deformed
and type 2 veins formed with sigmoidal shapes as viewed on a horizontal plane; and (c) during the third event, the sinistral
transcurrent shearing evolved to sinistral reverse shearing and the deformation style evolved correspondingly from ductile
to brittle-ductile. During the last phase of deformation gold nucleated and deposited in low-pressure zones.
Received: 9 July 1997 / Accepted: 23 March 1998 相似文献
26.
This paper presents a computational microstructure model to estimate the progressive moisture damage of multiphase asphaltic paving mixtures. Moisture damage because of water transport is incorporated with mechanical loading through a finite element method. To simulate nonlinear damage evolution in the mixtures, the model includes Fickian moisture diffusion, a cohesive zone model to simulate the gradual fracture process, and a degradation characteristic function to represent the reduction of material properties because of moisture infiltration. With the model developed, various parametric analyses are conducted to investigate how each model parameter affects the material‐specific moisture damage mechanism and damage resistance potential of the mixtures. Analysis results clearly demonstrate the significance of physical and mechanical properties of mixture components and geometric characteristics of microstructure for the better design of asphaltic paving mixtures and roadway structures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
27.
为了厘定内蒙古白乃庙金矿床的成矿时代,对矿区主要含金石英脉中热液蚀变锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年。结果表明,锆石热液蚀变特征明显,具有清晰的核—幔—边结构,锆石核、幔均为岩浆锆石或变质锆石,热液蚀变增生边呈自形—半自形结构,Th/U值集中于0.2~0.5之间,测年数据为421.4~447.6Ma,认为金矿形成时代为志留纪。从区域成矿规律分析,初步认为白乃庙金矿床的形成与早古生代古亚洲板块向华北地块强烈俯冲引起的构造—岩浆活动密切相关。 相似文献
28.
A low-angle extensional fault system affecting the non metamorphic rocks of the carbonate dominated Tuscan succession is exposed in the Lima valley (Northern Apennines, Italy). This fault system affects the right-side-up limb of a kilometric-scale recumbent isoclinal anticline and is, in turn, affected by superimposed folding and late-tectonic high-angle extensional faulting.The architecture of the low-angle fault system has been investigated through detailed structural mapping and damage zone characterization. Pressure-depth conditions and paleofluid evolution of the fault system have been studied through microstructural, mineralogical, petrographic, fluid inclusion and stable isotope analyses. Our results show that the low-angle fault system was active during exhumation of the Tuscan succession at about 180°C and 5 km depth, with the involvement of low-salinity fluids. Within this temperature - depth framework, the fault zone architecture shows important differences related to the different lithologies involved in the fault system and to the role played by the fluids during deformation. In places, footwall overpressuring influenced active deformation mechanisms and favored shear strain localization.Our observations indicate that extensional structures affected the central sector of the Northern Apennines thrust wedge during the orogenic contractional history, modifying the fluid circulation through the upper crust and influencing its mechanical behavior. 相似文献
29.
Centimetre‐ to decimetre‐wide quartz+calcite veins in schistes lustrés from Alpine Corsica were formed during exhumation at 30–40 Ma following blueschist facies metamorphism. The δ18O and δ13C values of the veins overlap those of the host schistes lustrés, and the δ18O values of the veins are much higher than those of other rocks on Corsica. These data suggest that the vein‐forming fluids were derived from the schistes lustrés. Fluids were probably generated by reactions that broke down carpholite, lawsonite, chlorite and white mica at 300–350 °C during decompression between c. 1400 and 800 MPa. However, the δ18O values of the veins are locally several per mil higher than expected given those of their host rocks. The magnitude of oxygen isotope disequilibrium between the veins and the host rock is inversely proportional to the δ18O value of the host rock. Additionally, calcite in some schists is in isotopic equilibrium with calcite in adjacent veins, but not with the silicate fraction of the schists. Locally, the schists are calcite bearing only within 1–20 cm of the veins. The vein‐forming fluids may have been preferentially derived from calcite‐bearing, high‐δ18O rocks that are common within the schistes lustrés and that locally contain abundant (>15%) veins. If the fluids were unable to completely isotopically equilibrate with the rocks, due to relatively rapid flow at moderate temperatures or being confined to fractures, they could form veins with higher δ18O values than those of the surrounding rocks. Alteration of the host rocks was probably inhibited by isolation of the fluid in ‘quartz‐armoured’ veins. Overall, the veins represent a metre‐ to hectometre‐scale fluid‐flow system confined to within the schistes lustrés unit, with little input from external sources. This fluid‐flow system is one of several that operated in the western Alps during exhumation following high‐pressure metamorphism. 相似文献
30.
高压-超高压变质岩中的变质脉能够反映俯冲带变质流体的组成和演化。为了探究大陆俯冲带超临界流体活动及伴随的元素迁移,本文系统地研究了苏鲁造山带南部江苏东海池庄地区的超高压榴辉岩及变质脉。变质脉主要是由石英、石榴石、绿辉石、多硅白云母、蓝晶石、黝帘石、金红石和锆石等矿物组成,与寄主榴辉岩的矿物组成类似。相比于榴辉岩,脉体中的石榴石更加富集重稀土元素(HREE);黝帘石强烈富集轻稀土元素(LREE)。变质脉和榴辉岩中各主要矿物的氧同位素组成在误差范围内一致(石英的δ18O分别为2.42‰和2.79‰;石榴石为-0.30‰和0.010‰;绿辉石为0.25‰和0.071‰),说明变质脉的形成与榴辉岩释放的内部流体有关。综合已有的研究,发现大别-苏鲁造山带不同地区的变质脉和榴辉岩具有极不均一的氧同位素组成,说明在陆壳深俯冲和折返过程中,流体活动有限。利用矿物温压计得到变质脉的峰期变质温压条件为692±65℃和3.6±0.3GPa,脉体中锆石U-Pb定年结果表明锆石的形成时代为218±2.4Ma,指示变质脉形成于深俯冲陆壳折返初期的超高压变质阶段。变质脉中矿物组合和矿物的主微量元素特征说明成脉流体富集Si、Al、Ca、K、LILE、REE和HFSE等元素,表明成脉流体可能是溶解能力极强的超临界流体。 相似文献