Mapping mineralogy in evaporite basins through time using multispectral Landsat data: Examples from the Bonneville basin,Utah, USA     

Mark H. Radwin  Brenda B. Bowen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(6):1160-1176

The Bonneville basin, located in north-western Utah, is a vast evaporite basin which is home to the world-renowned Bonneville Salt Flats international speedway and is a highly valued landscape undergoing rapid change and anthropogenic influence. Air quality, snowpack, the local hydrological system, and state tourism are all impacted by the nature of the surface sediments exposed in the Bonneville basin. Mapping the Bonneville basin over time with remote sensing methods provides insight into the dynamics and impacts of the changing surface landscape. Utilizing the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensors, a set of band math indices are empirically established to map the predominant halite, gypsum, and carbonates mineralogical zones of the Bonneville basin. Spectral comparisons of representative samples from the study area and image-derived spectra indicate the halite of the Bonneville basin is wet and that gypsum deposits are slightly mixed with halite. The established indices are assessed in four ways, all of which support the ability of the indices to accentuate the associated mineralogical endmembers. Two study areas within the Bonneville basin are investigated temporally from 1986, 1995, 2005, and 2016 and show changing patterns in mineral distribution that align with surface processes active through these timescales. These indices provide a resource for mapping mineralogy though time in evaporite basins globally with diverse applications for questions about land use and environmental change.  相似文献   

井下圆球运动分析与新型试压体设计          下载免费PDF全文

王乐顶  王怀婧  陈新海  槐巧双  李晓勇 《探矿工程》2019,46(5):44-47

在油、气、水井井下作业中,圆球广泛地应用于管柱试压、坐封和分段(层)压裂等施工作业。为准确计算现场施工时圆球到达设计点时间（即候球时间）,通过对圆球运动过程和受力分析得出新的候球时间计算公式,并指出圆球绕流阻力系数、圆球直径、圆球密度和压井液性能等是影响候球时间的关键因素,为优化施工设计提供了依据;同时提出了一种能减少候球和反洗球时间的新型管柱试压体设计构思,为进一步优化施工作业奠定了基础。  相似文献   

肥槽回填土常见工程问题与处理方法     

王英军  黄昌乾 《岩土工程技术》2019,(2):84-88

总结分析了建筑工程肥槽回填土质量不良引发的常见工程问题,以及肥槽回填土不易施工密实的几个主要原因,并总结提出了各种肥槽回填土处理方法,以及它们主要的适用条件。  相似文献   

A new algorithm to find raster-based least-cost paths using cut and fill operations     

Jieun Baek 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(11):2234-2254

We developed a least-cost path analysis algorithm that satisfies a slope threshold condition in hilly terrain. The new algorithm uses an expanding moving-window to explore a combination of cells that satisfy an elevation threshold condition and then supplements this by executing cut and fill operations when there are obstacle cells between source and destination cells. Cut and fill factors regarding the difference in the actual elevation and revised elevation are considered and a least-cost path is analyzed after calculating the accumulated travel cost to the destination point. After applying the developed algorithm to synthetic and real-world data, the least accumulated travel cost from the source point can then be calculated for all cells on the raster surface by considering various slope thresholds, moving-window sizes and raster data resolutions. This algorithm can be implemented as a useful tool in GIS software as well as engineering design software utilized in the construction and mining industries.  相似文献   

A one‐dimensional process‐based approach to study reservoir sediment dynamics during management operations          下载免费PDF全文

Lucie Guertault  Benoit Camenen  André Paquier  Christophe Peteuil 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(2):373-386

A comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of erosion and sedimentation in reservoirs under different management conditions is required to anticipate sedimentation issues and implement effective sediment management strategies. This paper describes a unique approach combining fluvial geomorphology tools and morphodynamic modeling for analyzing the sediment dynamics of an elongated hydropower reservoir subjected to management operations: the Génissiat Reservoir on the Rhône River. Functional sub‐reaches representative of the reservoir morphodynamics were delineated by adapting natural river segmentation methods to elongated reservoirs. The segmentation revealed the link between the spatial and temporal reservoir changes and the variability of longitudinal flow conditions during reservoir management operations. An innovative modeling strategy, incorporating the reservoir segmentation into two sediment transport codes, was implemented to simulate the dynamics of erosion and sedimentation at the reach scale during historic events. One code used a bedload approach, based on the Exner equation with a transport capacity formula, and the other used a suspended load approach based on the advection–dispersion equation. This strategy provided a fair quantification of the dynamics of erosion and sedimentation at the reach scale during different management operations. This study showed that the reservoir morphodynamics is controlled by bedload transport in upper reaches, graded suspended load transport of sand in middle reaches and suspended load transport of fine sediments in lower reaches. Eventually, it allowed a better understanding of the impact of dam management on sediment dynamics. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

国外军事地质学热点问题     

李万伦  吕鹏  孟庆奎  王铭晗 《地质论评》2020,66(1):189-196

近年来以美国为代表的西方军事强国在军事地质学领域已取得了很大进展,尤其在应对未来战争方面作了许多准备。通过系统搜集国际军事地球科学会议(ICMG)和美国地质学会(GSA)有关军事地质学的最新专题研讨会论文与其他公开出版资料,梳理了当前国外军事地质学研究的热点问题并阐述了其新进展,其中作战领域包括地形情报研究、军事基地选址、潜在特殊战场环境调查、地下重要设施评价、非常规作战环境调查;非作战领域则包括抢险救灾、生态环境保护和环境安全评价等。最后分析了当前军事地质学研究存在的问题,并指出了其未来发展趋势。  相似文献   

考虑分层特性的尾砂胶结充填体强度折减试验研究     

曹帅  宋卫东  薛改利  王洋  朱鹏瑞 《岩土力学》2015,36(10):2869-2876

充填体分层现象在分段或阶段嗣后填充采空区过程中较为常见。设置65%、70%、72%和75% 4个浓度,填充次数为1、2、3和4制作不同分层胶结充填体试件,进行单轴压缩试验探究其力学强度及其破坏模式。试验结果表明：（1）相同浓度条件下,随着填充次数增多,胶结充填体的单轴抗压强度弱化效应越明显,而当浓度在65%～75%之间变化时,对应强度折减系数介于0.592～0.967;（2）充填体单轴抗压强度与填充次数之间满足二次多项式函数关系,而与料浆浓度呈对数函数分布;（3）不同分层胶结充填体的破坏模式主要表现为共轭剪切破坏和贯穿分层面的张拉破坏。低强度夹层可能是导致分层胶结充填体强度降低的原因,能够为后期填充采空区的充填体强度设计提供可靠的理论依据。  相似文献   

全尾砂-废石混合回填膏体渗透特性试验研究     

孙伟  吴爱祥  王洪江  王少勇  李涛  李公成 《岩土力学》2014,35(9):2515-2521

塌陷区混合回填膏体是由全尾砂、废石人工制备得到的复合宽粒级散体,其渗透性能直接影响到塌陷区回填体稳定性及次生灾害发生的可能性。采用自制的渗透性试验装置,研究了废石含量、废石粒径对混合回填体渗透系数的影响,并对回填体固有特征参数（粒径小于0.075、0.02 mm颗粒含量、不均匀系数 、平均粒径）与渗透系数之间关联性进行了研究。试验结果表明,回填膏体渗透系数随废石掺量及粒径增大而增加,细粒效应显著。回填体中粒径小于0.075、0.02 mm颗粒含量对其渗透性影响至关重要,与渗透系数呈负指数关系。渗透系数随 值增大而增大。当 20时,渗透系数增加趋于稳定。给出了混合回填体渗透系数定量方程,其结果与试验结果较为一致。  相似文献   

全尾砂-废石混合回填膏体流动特性变化规律   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙伟  吴爱祥  王洪江  周喻  熊有为  仪海豹 《岩土力学》2013,34(12):3464-3470

质量浓度、废石掺量是影响尾砂-废石混合回填体流动特性的主要因素,研究这些因素对膏体流动性的影响规律,对于控制膏体流动性具有重要意义。采用改进的小型直剪装置进行混合回填体直剪试验,以黏聚力、内摩擦角、抗剪强度为依据,综合得出了混合回填膏体流动性变化规律。试验结果表明,膏体在受力变形前期呈较为明显的似弹性性质,随废石掺量增加,位移-剪应力曲线中阶梯状变化趋势增加;回填体黏聚力取决于质量浓度,内摩擦角受质量浓度和废石掺量影响程度基本相同,两者协同作用;质量浓度在80%～88%范围时,黏聚力随质量浓度增大呈非线性增大,内摩擦角与质量浓度呈S型变化趋势;抗剪强度随质量浓度的增大而增加,在82%～84%区间抗剪强度变化显著,流动性出现突变。  相似文献   

贵州空域自动化批复系统     

唐辟如  文继芬  崔蕾  黄钰  张小娟  张萍 《中低纬山地气象》2021,45(1):100-104

人工影响天气作业(以下简称“人影作业”)的申请与批复是人影作业实施的重要环节,是一项涉及多行业、多环节,对安全性要求极高的技术工作。目前,空中交通日益繁忙,日航班量达1700余次,全省人影作业高炮及固定火箭达480余门,是20 a前的3~4倍,通过电话、甚高频无线电台进行人影作业空域申请的传统工作方式已无法满足目前人影作业空域申报和管理的要求。为提高人影作业的效率,缩短作业申请与批复信息的传递时耗,开发建成了贵州省空域自动化批复系统,实现了人影作业多点同时申请与批复,解决了电话占线等问题。简化了业务流程,缩短了人影作业申请与批复时间,从以往一个申请过程至少需打8个电话缩短到2个电话,实现了禁射区的自动批复,完成了人影工作由传统型向信息化转变,大大提高了人影作业时效。  相似文献