层控矿床有机地球化学初步研究     

胡明安 《地球科学》1988,(2)

地史上由生物死亡后变成的各种有机物质会遭到各种地质作用的改造,尤其是热液活动、岩浆侵入、放射性元素蜕变以及构造变动等地质因素所引起的热能,会使矿床中(主岩中)的有机物出现成熟异常现象。通过对某些层控矿床中有机物质的研究,可以解释成矿物质的来源、沉淀富集机理、含矿热液运移路线和主岩的沉积环境,并且可以指示矿体的大致分布范围,指导找矿勘探。  相似文献   

Degradation Kinetics of Petroleum Contaminants in Soft-Water Systems     

ZHENGXilai WANGBingchen LIYuying XIAWenxiang 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(3):825-828

On the basis of site investigation and sample collection of petroleum contaminants in the soil-water-crop system in the Shenyang-Fushun sewage irrigation area, the physical-chemical-biological compositions of the unsaturated zone is analyzed systematically in this paper. At the same time, the degradation kinetics of residual and aqueous oils is determined through biodegradation tests. The studies show that dominant microorganisms have been formed in the soils after long-term sewage irrigation. The microorganisms mainly include bacteria, and a few of fungus and actinomycetes.After a 110-days‘ biodegradation test, the degradation rate of residual oil is 9.74%--10.63%, while the degradation rate of aqueous oil reaches 62.43 %. This indicates that the degradation rate of low-carbon aqueous oil is higher than that of highcarbon residual oil. In addition, although microbial degradation of petroleum contaminants in soils is suitable to the firstorder kinetics equation, the half-lives of aqueous oil, No. 20 heavy diesel and residual oil in the surface soils (L2-1, S1-1 and X1-1) are 1732 h, 3465 h and 17325 h, respectively.  相似文献   

Effects of Biodegradation on the Distribution of Alkylcarbazoles in Crude Oils     

张春明  梅博文  STEVE R.LARTER  MARTIN P.KOOPMANS  肖乾华 《中国地球化学学报》2002,21(2):140-146

We have investigated the distributions of alkylcarbazoles in a series of crude oils with different biodegradation extents, in combination with biomarker parameters, stable carbon isotopic ratios and viscosities. The analyses showed that slight biodegradation has little effect on alkylcarbazoles. The concentrations of C₀-, C₁-, and C₂-carbazoles seem to display a slight decrease with biodegradation through the moderately biodegraded stage, and an abrupt decrease to the heavily biodegraded stage. The relative concentrations of C₀-, C₁-, and C₂-carbazoles do not show any apparent change in the non-heavily biodegraded stages, but through non-heavily biodegraded to heavily biodegraded stages, the percentages of C₀- and C₁-carbazoles decrease, and those of C₂-carbazoles increase significantly, which may indicate that C₂-carbazoles are more resistant to biodegradation than lower homologous species. As to C₂-carbazole isomers, the relative concentrations of the pyrrolic N-H-shielded, pyrrolic N−H partially shielded and pyrrolic N-H-exposed isomers do not show any obvious variation in the non-heavily biodegraded oil, but there is an abrupt change through the mid-biodegraded stage to the heavily biodegraded stage. This project was financially supported by the Youth Knowledge-Innovation Foundation of CNPC (No. 00Z1304).  相似文献   

土壤残油生物降解性与微生物活性   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

李广贺  张旭等 《地球科学》2002,27(2):181-185

利用色谱－质谱联机（GC／MS）、柱层析分析方法、浊度法和微生物脱氢酶法，确定土壤残油污染物的构成、油污土壤优势降解菌、残油降解过程中微生物活性及其动态变化。研究结果表明，长期残留在淄河滩土层中的石油 烃类主要由沥表肝质、胶质构成，占总烃类的60％－80％，经过90d生物降解试验，残油降解率仅为20％，污染土层中的主要优势菌为球菌和杆菌，菌群鉴定为黄假单胞菌（Xanthonmonas)、芽孢杆菌（Bacillus )等。据微生物脱氢酶动态变化的初步研究结果，微生物脱氢酶活性变化可作为衡量微生物活性变化的 重要指标。  相似文献   

内河DOM降解的三维荧光、紫外光谱研究——以白马河为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

钱伟  杨玉盛  曾宏达  汪伟  黄辉  李熙波 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2007,2(3):42-48

利用三维荧光光谱、紫外光谱手段,研究白马河水样中DOM在微生物作用下的分解情况,经过微生物分解204 h后DOC的浓度下降为23%.根据双指数方程拟合,水样中易分解组分占总量的63.2%,易分解组分与难分解组分的分解常数分别为0.102 h-1,0.002 57 h-1.随着培养时间的延长,水样三维荧光光谱中单位浓度有机物的荧光强度有不同程度的提高.根据水样的紫外吸收光谱分析,培养过程中SUVA254 nm有逐步升高的趋势,而溶液250 nm与365 nm吸收的比值没有明显变化.  相似文献   

Petroleum potential of Baikal deposits   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A.E. Kontorovich  V.A. Kashirtsev  V.I. Moskvin  L.M. Burshtein  T.I. Zemskaya  E.A. Kostyreva  G.V. Kalmychkov  O.M. Khlystov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2007,48(12):1046-1053

We analyzed oils, gases, and bitumens of bottom sediments from natural shows on the southeastern shore of Lake Baikal, in the mouth of the Stvolovaya River near Capes Tolstyi and Gorevoi Utes. Based on a set of geological data, we have established that: (1) the lake oils underwent biodegradation to a variable degree: “Fresh” nondegraded paraffin oil floats up near Cape Gorevoi Utes; in the mouth of the Stvolovaya River and near Cape Tolstyi, aromatic-naphthene oil lacks n-alkanes, monomethyl alkanes, and acyclic isoprenoids; (2) Cenozoic oil originated from the organic matter of fresh-water basins with significant amounts of higher land plant remains, including angiosperm plants (oleanane), which suggests the lake or delta genesis of oil source formations of Cretaceous and younger ages. Judging from the carbon isotope composition (average δ¹³C = −43.84‰), methane from the bottom sediments near Cape Gorevoi Utes is catagenetic. The initial in-place resources in the Baikal sedimentary basins are estimated by the volumetric-statistical method at 500 mln tons of equivalent hydrocarbons.  相似文献   

Conversion and degradation of crude oil by Bacillus SP3     

郝瑞霞  鲁安怀 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(2):201-206

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the basic characteristics of Bacillus SP3 and evaluate its effect on different crude oils. Strain SP3 is a motile, gram-positive, spore-producing rod that was isolated from a reservoir of the Shengli oil field in East China. The cells of strain SP3 grew at high temperatures up to 58℃ at the pH range of 5.5–8.5. Strain SP3 grew facultatively and could use different organic substrates, and produce some metabolites such as 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, methyl-2-nitrogen benzene and 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis ester. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that the strain converted and degraded different components and changed the physical and chemical properties of crude oils. Strain SP3 degraded crude oil and the growth of bacteria on crude oil resulted in loss of aromatic hydrocarbons, resins and asphaltenes. The bioconversion of crude oils would lead to an enrichment in lighter hydrocarbons and an overall redistribution of saturate hydrocarbons. The interactions of microorganisms with crude oils are variable, depending on the microbial species and the chemical compositions of crude oils.  相似文献   

Geotechnical properties of municipal sewage sludge   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Brendan C. O’Kelly 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(4):833-850

The geotechnical properties of municipal sewage sludge, in particular those pertinent to the handling and landfilling of the material, are presented. Index, drying, compaction, shear strength and consolidation tests were conducted on the material at different states of biodegradation. The organic content and specific gravity of solids were found to be inversely related, with typical organic contents of 50–70% and specific gravity of solids values of 1.55–1.80. The density of the compacted material was low in comparison with mineral soils. Standard Proctor compaction yielded a maximum dry density of 0.56 tonne/m³ at 85% water content. Laboratory vane-shear and triaxial compression tests indicated that, below about 180% water content, the shear strength of the sludge material increased exponentially with reducing water content. Consolidated-undrained triaxial compression tests on the pasteurised sludge material indicated an effective angle of shearing resistance of 32° for the moderately degraded material and 37° for the strongly degraded material. Biogas was produced at rates of up to 0.33 L/day/kg slurry due to ongoing biodegradation and the resulting pore pressure response must be taken into account in any stress analysis. Consolidation tests using the hydraulic consolidation cell, oedometer and triaxial apparatus indicated that the sludge material was highly compressible although practically impermeable, for example the coefficient of permeability for the moderately degraded slurry was of the order of 10⁻⁹m/s. However, creep deformation was significant with typical coefficient of secondary compression values of 0.02–0.08 for the compacted material. A more free-draining material was produced at higher states of biodegradation.  相似文献   

反硝化条件下苯生物降解的微环境研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

李东艳  孔惠 《地球科学》2000,25(5):493-497

探讨了厌氧微环境中苯的生物降解.接种物来自北京郊区的稻田土.结果表明, 在富集培养和转移培养微环境中, 苯和甲苯的降解与硝酸盐还原作用同时发生.甲苯比苯更易降解, 甲苯的存在促进了苯的降解.这是一例反硝化条件下苯能被生物降解的研究   相似文献   

白令海和楚科奇海表层沉积物中多环芳烃降解微生物多样性   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张荣秋  董纯明  盛华芳  白秀花  矫立萍  刘金禄  汪卫国  周宏伟  邵宗泽 《海洋学报》2014,36(4):52-61

为了研究白令海(海盆及陆架)至楚科奇海陆架表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)降解菌的多样性,并获得新的PAHs降解菌资源。在GC-MS分析沉积物中PAHs种类和含量的基础上,以萘、菲和芘的混合物为唯一碳源和能源对表层沉积物样品进行富集,通过平板分离鉴定可培养菌株,并验证其降解能力;同时利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)和Illumina高通量测序技术分析降解菌群结构。GC-MS测定结果表明,14个表层沉积物中PAHs总干质量介于32.99~276.97ng/g。富集菌群中共分离获得51株可培养细菌,平板纯培养、PCR-DGGE及Illumina测序结果均表明,菌群中优势的降解菌是γ-proteobacteria的Marinobacter,Pseudoalteromonas,Pseudomonas和Actinobacteria门的Dietzia菌。此外,Illumina测序结果还表明14个降解菌群在菌群结构组成上,可分为海盆区和陆架区两种类群;同时检测到一些低丰度的海洋专属PAHs降解菌,如Cycloclasticus,Alteromonas和Neptunomonas等。本文结果将加深对白令海及楚科奇海表层沉积物中PAHs降解菌资源与生物多样性的认识。  相似文献