不同天气系统下我国云雨水化学特征的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

雷恒池  吴玉霞  肖辉  沈志来 《高原气象》2001,20(2):127-131

根据1985－1993年我国10个省市飞机观测的云水化学资料，分析了不同天气系统对我国云、雨水化学特征的影响。平均而言，我国北方地区云水不酸，南方地区云水酸。降水天气系统对云化学组分有一定的影响。北方地区受蒙古低涡影响时，云水中Ca^2 明显增多，表现了沙尘污染的特征；南方地区静止锋降水时，云水酸，离子浓度也高。  相似文献   

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC METHANE TRENDS OVER THE LAST 150 YEARS     

张仁健  王明星 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2001,(1)

A global two-dimensional chemistry model is developed to study long-term trends of CH_4 sinceindustrial revolution.The sources of CH_4,CO and NO_x are parameterized as functions of latitudeand time.With two long-term emission scenarios,long-term trends of CH_4 are simulated.The resultshave a good agreement with observation from ice cores.The modeled CH_4 increased from 760 ppbvin 1840 to 1611.9 ppbv in 1991, while the modeled number concentration of tropospheric OHdecreased from 7.17×10~5 cm~(-3)in 1840 to 5.79×10~5 cm~(-3) in 1991.The increase of atmosphericCH_4 can be explained by the increase of emission of CH_4 and build-up because of decrease of OHradicals that remove CH_4 from the atmosphere.The model is also used to simulate the distribution of CH_4.Comparisons between the modelresults and observations show that the model can simulate both latitudinal distribution and seasonalvariation of CH_4 well.  相似文献   

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC METHANE TRENDS OVER THE LAST 150 YEARS^*     

ZHANG Renjian  WANG Mingxing 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2001,15(1):12-20

A global two-dimensional chemistry model is developed to study long-term trends of CH₄ since industrial revolution.The sources of CH₄,CO and NO_x are parameterized as functions of latitude and time.With two long-term emission scenarios,long-term trends of CH₄ are simulated.The results have a good agreement with observation from ice cores.The modeled CH₄ increased from 760 ppbv in 1840 to 1611.9 ppbv in 1991, while the modeled number concentration of tropospheric OH decreased from 7.17×10⁵ cm^-3 in 1840 to 5.79×10⁵ cm^-3 in 1991.The increase of atmospheric CH₄ can be explained by the increase of emission of CH₄ and build-up because of decrease of OH radicals that remove CH₄ from the atmosphere.The model is also used to simulate the distribution of CH₄.Comparisons between the model results and observations show that the model can simulate both latitudinal distribution and seasonal variation of CH₄ well.  相似文献   

中国峨眉山地区湿沉降化学   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

柳泽文孝  贾疏源  益田晴惠  杨慧东  万新南  中屋真司  北田奈绪子 《矿物岩石》2001,21(4):97-99

近年，酸雨是世界上最严重的环境问题之一。峨眉山位于四川盆地的西南缘。峨眉山酸雨频率达到85．4％，雨水pH值平均为4．37。冷杉分布于海拔1700m-3098m区域，森林遭到破坏。为了弄清峨眉山污染物质的来源，从1998年4月开始在22个取样点每月采集水样。本文中主要论述1998年6月的雨水化学成分特征。  相似文献   

Chemical Characteristics of Stream Draining fromDudu Glacier: An Alpine Meltwater Stream inGanga Headwater, Garhwal Himalaya     

Ahmad Sarfaraz Hasnain Syed Iqbal. Glacier Research Group  School of Environmental Sciences  Jawaharlal Nehru University  New Delhi-  India 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(1)

I-DtjcrONAlpine environment enjoys a distinct set of physicochemical conditions asl compared to other aqueous systems. Thehydrochemical characteristics of meltwater draining from thisenvironment are different from the other aqueous ecosystemsdue to their mountainous nature and extreme cold climatic conditions. The high concentration of various chemical constitu.ents in meltwater shows the intensive chemical weathering inthe basin. The rapid physical weathering due tO grinding actionof the gl…  相似文献   

青藏高原北缘火山岩中辉石岩包体研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

吴才来  杨经绥  李海兵  史仁灯  孟繁聪 《地球学报》2001,22(1):61-66

青藏高原北缘可可西里鲸鱼湖、雄鹰台、双泉子火山岩中含有辉石岩包体 ,其主要矿物组成为单斜辉石和斜方辉石。辉石的化学成分与国内外幔源包体 -橄榄岩和辉石岩中的类似 ,与麻粒岩中的明显不同 ;辉石温压计计算结果表明 ,辉石形成的温度为 110 1～ 140 0℃ ,压力为 30× 10 8～ 6 0× 10 8Pa,结合岩浆动力学计算结果 ,推测岩浆的来源深度大于 15 0km ,这与地球物理研究得出本区地下深处存在低速层的结果相吻合。  相似文献   

Processing of oxidised nitrogen compounds by passage through winter-time orographic cloud     

R. N. Colvile  T. W. Choularton  J. N. Cape  B. J. Bandy  K. N. Bower  R. A. Burgess  T. J. Davies  G. J. Dollard  M. W. Gallagher  K. J. Hargreaves  B. M. R. Jones  S. A. Penkett  R. L. Storeton-West 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1996,24(3):211-239

Four case studies are described, from a three-site field experiment in October/November 1991 using the Great Dun Fell flow-through reactor hill cap cloud in rural Northern England. Measurements of total odd-nitrogen nitrogen oxides (NO _y ) made on either side of the hill, before and after the air flowed through the cloud, showed that 10 to 50% of the NO _y , called NO _z , was neither NO nor NO₂. This NO _z failed to exhibit a diurnal variation and was often higher after passage through cloud than before. No evidence of conversion of NO _z to NO₃ ^- in cloud was found. A simple box model of gas-phase chemistry in air before it reached the cloud, including scavenging of NO₃ and N₂O₅ by aerosol of surface area proportional to the NO₂ mixing ratio, shows that NO₃ and N₂O₅ may build up in the boundary layer by night only if stable stratification insulates the air from emissions of NO. This may explain the lack of evidence for N₂O₅ forming NO₃ ^- in cloud under well-mixed conditions in 1991, in contrast with observations under stably stratified conditions during previous experiments when evidence of N₂O₅ was found. Inside the cloud, some variations in the calculated total atmospheric loading of HNO₂ and the cloud liquid water content were related to each other. Also, indications of conversion of NO _x to NO _z were found. To explain these observations, scavenging of NO _x and HNO₂ by cloud droplets and/or aqueous-phase oxidation of NO₂ ^- by nitrate radicals are considered. When cloud acidity was being produced by aqueous-phase oxidation of NO _x or SO₂, NO₃ ^- which had entered the cloud as aerosol particles was liberated as HNO₃ vapour. When no aqueous-phase production of acidity was occurring, the reverse, conversion of scavenged HNO₃ to particulate NO₃ ^-, was observed.  相似文献   

区域酸性沉降的数值研究 I. 模式   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17  

王体健  李宗恺  南方 《大气科学》1996,20(5):606-614

建立了一个三维时变的欧拉型区域酸性污染物沉降模式，模式包括源排放、平流输送、湍流扩散、干沉积、气相化学、液相化学及湿清除等六大部分。考虑到计算条件的承受能力和应用性的要求，在把握酸沉降形成的关键过程的前提下，合理地简化设计模式。相对于国内已有的工作，本模式在干沉积、气相化学、液相化学和湿清除等方面均有所改进。  相似文献   

The late Quaternary development of three ancient tarns on southwestern Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island, Arctic Canada: paleolimnological evidence from diatoms and sediment chemistry     

Alexander P. Wolfe  Joachim W. Härtling 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1996,15(1):1-18

Sediment diatom and chemical analyses of cores from three poorly buffered extra-glacial lakes on the northeastern margin of the Canadian Shield (Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island) record interactions between aquatic and terrestrial spheres that were influenced by late Quaternary climatic conditions. Although differences exist between each of the lakes, notably with regards to the intensity of pre-Holocene catchment erosion and the timing of the onset of organic sedimentation, an underlying pattern of lake ontogeny, common to all three lakes, is identified. Although intensified watershed erosion characterized the Late Wisconsinan and Neoglacial cold periods, the lakes nonetheless remained viable ecosystems at these times. Sudden catchment stabilization during the late-glacial to earliest Holocene is associated with incipient organic sedimentation. Lake-water pH increased at this time, likely in response both longer base cation residence times as lake flushing rates decreased, and enhanced alkalinity production from sediment biogeochemical reactions. Subsequently, as the catchments remained stable during the productive early Holocene (c.9–7 ka BP), then gradually received a renewed increase of minerogenic sedimentation, the breakdown of sources of lake alkalinity resulted in natural acidification. Burial of cation-rich mineral sediments and the loss of permanent sedimentary sinks for the products of microbial reduction likely impeded within-lake alkalinity production, and catchment-derived base cations appeared ineffective in curtailing pH declines. The general nature of the Holocene development of these lakes is similar to that observed elsewhere on crystalline terrains, following deglaciation. Our data therefore suggest that catchment glaciation is not a necessary precursor for models of lake development characterized by initial base cation enrichment and subsequent gradual acidification.  相似文献   

鲁南苏北榴辉岩的特征及其成因   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

韩宗珠  张自桓 《矿物岩石》1992,12(4):28-35

鲁南苏北榴辉岩按产状分为两类:一类是呈条带状、透镜状或肠状鳌合赋存于胶南混杂岩系中,另一类是呈透镜状赋存于石榴石橄榄岩中,以前者分布最为广泛,后者仅见于日照及东海地区。胶南混杂岩系中的榴辉岩由橄榄拉斑玄武岩深成变质作用形成,石榴石橄榄岩中的榴辉岩为地幔来源,它们共同经历了早期2.8 GPa,800℃的高温高压平衡结晶及后期600—700℃,1.1—1.3 GPa的退变质作用改造。Sm-Nd等时年龄为222±6Ma,~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd初始比值为0.511 36±3,推测本区榴辉岩形成于早三叠世华南陆块与华北陆块的碰撞事件。  相似文献