Clay mineralogy as a tool for integrated sequence stratigraphic and palaeogeographic reconstructions: Late Oligocene–Early Aquitanian western internal South Iberian Margin,Spain     

F. J. Alcal  A. Lpez‐Galindo  M. Martín‐Martín 《Geological Journal》2013,48(4):363-375

The different hydrodynamic behaviour of detrital clay minerals in the marine depositional environment allows assessment of relative sea‐level variations in the sedimentary record. Comparison of smectite and kaolinite:illite (S+K:I) changes with the global sea‐level curves and with the third‐order cycles of the eustatic curve for European basins allows assessment of the influence of global eustasy and local tectonics on sequence stratigraphy. In the South Iberian Margin, sedimentation took place both on open‐marine platforms and in deeper water areas. On this margin during the Late Oligocene to Early Aquitanian, the variations in sedimentation were caused not only by global eustasy but also by compressive tectonics. Correlations were made between the S+K:I cycles and the third‐order cycles for European basins, enabling the definition of four third‐order sedimentary sequences (here called C1, C2, C3, and A1) and two lower‐order sequences within C3 and A1 (here called C3a, C3b, A1a, and A1b) related to tectonic movements. High S+K:I values were observed during episodes of maximum flooding in each sequence and lower‐order sequence and in each succession, enabling changes in palaeocoastal morphology to be considered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

初论苏门答腊（印尼）的岩浆一构造旋回及其板块构造背景     

高小卫  吴秀荣  杨振强 《华南地质与矿产》2013,(4):259-270

本文将晚古生代以来苏门答腊火成岩划分出四个岩浆-构造旋回或岩浆活动期次（海西期、印支期、燕山期和喜山期）,并讨论其板块构造背景。结果表明：分布于西苏门答腊地体海西期酸性侵入岩属于碰撞后地壳的火山弧I-型花岗岩带,其火山岩为大陆拉张带（初始裂谷）中的安山．玄武岩系列,而分布在东苏门答腊地体的大多数酸性侵入岩具有s-型花岗岩的性质。印支期西苏门答腊地体侵入岩为I-型花岗岩,属于火山弧花岗岩。印支期碰撞后板内岩浆活动带（廖内群岛-班加岛-勿里洞岛）的侵入岩以含锡s-型花岗岩为特色。燕山期以后的深成岩-火山岩活动的岩石类型和分布特征,受大陆拉张带（初始裂谷）及其相邻的洋岛的控制。燕山早期细碧岩属于陆缘裂谷火山岩。喜山期火山岩属于陆缘火山弧,其中橄榄玄粗岩落在洋岛玄武岩与洋中脊玄武岩（MORB）交界线附近。  相似文献   

黄河中下游地区降水变化的周期分析   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

郝志新  郑景云  葛全胜 《地理学报》2007,62(5):537-544

根据利用清代雨雪档案重建的黄河中下游及其4 个子区域1736~2000 年的逐年降水序列, 采用小波变换方法, 分析了该区降水变化的周期特征, 探讨了影响降水周期变化的可能 驱动因子。结果表明: 黄河中下游地区的降水, 具有2~4 年、准22 年及70~80 年等年际与年代际的振荡周期。其中, 2~4 年周期与El Nino 事件关联, 在El Nino事件发生的当年或第二年, 黄河中下游地区的降水比常年偏少; 而准22 年及70~80 年的周期, 与wolf 太阳黑子相对数的周期变化及太平洋年代际振荡(PDO) 信号有关。但在70~80 年的周期尺度上, 太阳活动与降水变化的对应关系在1830 年以前表现为太阳活动偏强(弱) 时, 降水偏少(多); 1830 年以后, 太阳活动的周期演变为80~100 年的更长周期, 因这一阶段可能受到由于人类活动加 强而致的温室气体浓度升高等因素的干扰, 太阳活动与降水之间的关系明显减弱; 而PDO 与降水的对应关系则表现在全时域上, 且在近100 多年, PDO 与降水之间的相关关系逐渐加强, 特别是在1940s 以后达到最大。  相似文献   

纤维混凝土的低温性能和冻融损伤机理研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姚武 《冰川冻土》2005,27(4):545-549

研究了低温环境下(气温变化为-15~5℃),聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维对混凝土力学性能增长趋势的影响,探讨了快速冻融试验条件下(-17.5~7.5℃)PAN纤维混凝土的抗冻融耐久性,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了PAN纤维在混凝土中的分散性以及纤维和混凝土界面结合状况.结果表明:掺入PAN纤维增加了混凝土的含气量、改善了混凝土的微观结构,提高了混凝土抗裂阻力,因而有利于混凝土低温环境下的强度增长和提高了混凝土的抗冻融耐久性.混凝土经受冻融循环破坏实质上是疲劳损伤累积的过程.通过实验研究和理论分析,探讨了聚丙烯腈纤维混凝土冻融疲劳损伤的机理,研究了纤维对混凝土抵抗冻融破坏的影响,建立了聚丙烯腈纤维混凝土冻融损伤的演变方程.  相似文献   

川西新场气田蓬莱镇组陆相地层高分辨率层序地层学研究   总被引：24，自引：4，他引：20  

柳梅青  陈亦军  郑荣才 《沉积学报》2000,18(1):50

利用钻井岩芯、测井和地震资料 ,运用高分辨率层序地层学理论及方法 ,对新场地区蓬莱镇组进行不同级次的基准面旋回层序划分 ,识别出 45～ 47个短期、5个中期、2个长期基准面旋回层序 ,并对不同级次的基准面旋回层序的结构类型、叠加样式和平面分布模式进行了较为深入的讨论。在单井分析的基础上 ,以二分时间单元分界线为优选等时对比标志对不同级次的基准面旋回进行了较高精度的等时对比 ,所对比的等时成因地层单元的最高精度可达到相当准层序组 (十万年级 )的短期基准面旋回。建立了新场地区蓬莱镇组高分辨率层序地层格架 ,成功地将单井一维信息转化为气田范围内的三维地层关系信息。并分析了短期基准面旋回过程中可容纳空间 (A)与沉积物补给通量 (S)的比值 (A/S)变化对储集砂体的作用 .文中还利用沉积动力学的地层响应过程特征分析 ,重点讨论了中、短期基准面旋回过程中有利储集砂体的沉积相序列、组合特征、产状类型、控制因素及其与物性的关系。指出发育于长期基准面缓慢上升或下降过程中的三角洲沉积体系 ,为形成储集砂体的必备背景条件 ,而控制沉积体系中储层时空展布和演化规律的因素则主要为中期基准面旋回。在层序地层格架中 ,中期基准面旋回层序界面两侧的储层其储集性最好。以此为依据 ,提  相似文献   

材料状态对干砂小应变特性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蔡正银  李相崧 《岩土力学》2004,25(1):10-14

利用注能虚拟质量(EIVM)共振柱系统进行了干砂小应变特性试验,研究了有效平均正应力、土样密度、剪应变幅值以及荷载往复次数对剪切模量和阻尼比的影响。试验结果表明,剪切模量随有效平均正应力与土样密度的增加而增加,而阻尼比的变化规律则与之相反,并且有效平均正应力对干砂小应变特性的影响程度比土样密度的影响程度大得多;随着剪应变的增加,剪切模量越来越小,而阻尼比越来越大;荷载往复次数对剪切模量基本没有影响,而对阻尼比有较大影响。  相似文献   

不同荷载条件下冻土融化沉降过程试验研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

黄永庭  马巍  何鹏飞  栗晓林 《冰川冻土》2021,43(1):184-194

融沉是困扰多年冻土区工程建设与安全运营的关键因素之一.通过室内试验,针对两种初始干密度不同的青藏粉质黏土,在-8～24℃之间正弦波动的周期温度边界条件下,分别开展了无荷载、静荷载及动荷载作用下冻结饱和试样的融沉试验(试样的初始温度为-1℃),研究了试样内部温度、变形、孔隙水压力的时间变化过程.结果表明:温度边界相同时,...  相似文献   

中更新世气候转型时期南海生态环境的南北差异   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李前裕  汪品先  陈木宏  郑范  王汝建  孙湘君  刘传联  成鑫荣  翦知湣 《地球科学进展》2006,21(8):781-792

中更新世气候转型在南海浮游有孔虫、氧同位素和其它生物记录上主要反映在900 ka BP前后发生高频率变化,特别是指示表层水骤然降温。北部冬季表层水温从24~25℃降至17~28℃,而南部也从26~27℃降至23~24℃。总的降温趋势与开放西太平洋一致,直接反映了西太平洋暖池在900 ka BP之后MIS22期间有明显的减弱。表层水大幅度降温还发生在后继的MIS 20、18、16几大冰期,说明主要冰期旋回周期由41 ka转变为100 ka经历了长达400 ka的过渡时期,并且冬季风增强也在过渡时期的后半段最明显。南海南北生物组合和δ18O值的差异,突出了中更新世气候转型期边缘海区南北气候梯度反差和冬季风在冰期增强的讯号。结论是：生态环境系统反应总体表现与冰期旋回一致的同时,还包含了独特的地区性系统演变特征。但是,南海—西太平洋地区在0.9 Ma BP前后表层海水盐度因东亚冬季风和海平面下降的定量变化,以及这些变化对气候转型时期海—气耦合过程和生态环境系统的影响,尚缺乏足够的资料和证据。  相似文献   

A New Interpretation of the Corallian (Upper Jurassic) Cycles of the Dorset Coast,Southern England     

S. Q. Sun 《Geological Journal》1989,24(2):139-158

The Corallian Group of the Dorset coast is reinterpreted as representing four regressive–transgressive cycles in contrast to previous interpretations which recognized four asymmetric regressive cycles. Each regressive sequence is separated at its top from each transgressive sequence by a sharp erosional contact. Overall, the regressive, coarsening-up sequences are characterized by relatively low faunal diversity, dominantly vertical burrows, relatively coarse sediments with cross-bedding and swaley cross-stratification, and the diagenesis predominantly influenced by meteoric water. In comparison, the transgressive, fining-up sequences are generally characterized by relatively high faunal diversity, dominantly horizontal burrows, basal lag deposits (1–2m in thickness) overlying a sharp, erosional surface, followed by clay or nodular wackestone and dominantly deep burial diagenesis. The consistence of the four regressive-transgressive cycles with the eustatic sea-level curve suggests that the sedimentary cycles of the Corallian outcrops may have been mainly produced by the eustatic sea-level changes. Tectonic movements may have been important in generating localized unconformity, relatively coarse clastic sediment influxes and rapid lateral facies variations. The recognition of storm- and tidally-related sedimentary features suggests that the Corallian Group of the Dorset coast may have been deposited in a storm- and tidally-influenced shallow epicontinental shelf.  相似文献   

Application of an ecosystem model for the environmental assessment of the reclamation and mitigation plans for seagrass beds in Atsumi Bay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Akio Sohma  Yasuyuki Sekiguchi  Kisaburo Nakata 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

An ecosystem model was used to evaluate the effects of reclaiming seagrass beds and creating artificial shallows with seagrass beds to mitigate the effects of the reclamation. The applied model can simulate the pelagic and benthic ecosystems including seagrass beds and tidal flats. The objectives of this study were (a) to investigate the likelihood of cultivating and maintaining seagrass beds in artificial shallows (Part 1), and (b) to understand the effects of the reclamation of seagrass beds and the creation of artificial shallows on the water quality in the estuary (Part 2). In Part 1, first, the nutrient turnover rates due to both biochemical and physical processes in the natural seagrass beds where reclamation is proposed were analyzed. Biological processes rather than physical processes were the most significant driving forces of nutrient cycles in seagrass beds. Second, the effects of filter feeding benthic fauna (suspension feeders) in the seagrass beds were analyzed. The scenario with suspension feeders resulted in higher transparency of the water column (8.7% decrease in the light attenuation coefficient) and an increase in nutrient supply (24.9% increase in NH₄-N in the water column) contributing to the high specific growth rate of seagrass. Third, the specific growth rate of seagrass on the proposed artificial shallows was measured. The value on the artificial shallows set at a depth of datum line minus 0.8 m (D.L. − 0.8 m) was approximately the same as that of the natural seagrass beds. In Part 2, first, water quality in the estuary was compared among the scenarios with/without natural seagrass beds and artificial shallows. Then, the defined values of the water purification capability of (a) artificial shallows with/without seagrass beds, and (b) natural seagrass beds per unit area were evaluated. The reclamation of the natural seagrass beds resulted in a decrease of the removal of phytoplankton and detritus from the pelagic system (i.e. resulted in a loss in the purification rate). In contrast, the creation of artificial shallows resulted in an increase of the removal of phytoplankton and detritus from the pelagic system (i.e. resulted in a gain in the purification rate). Based on an annual average, approximately twice as much phytoplankton was removed from the artificial shallows at the depth D.L. − 0.8 m, than at the depth, D.L. − 1.5 m, and the artificial shallows with seagrass beds removed pelagic DIN and DIP at a rate 120% higher than that without seagrass beds.  相似文献