Organic components in thermally altered coal waste: Preliminary petrographic and geochemical investigations     

M. Misz  M. Fabia&#x;ska  S. &#x;miel 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2007,71(4):405

The petrographic and geochemical composition of coal wastes exposed to fire in the minestone dump of Piekary Ślą¹skie town (Upper Silesia, Poland) was investigated using samples collected at various distances from a recent fire site. The question as to whether geochemical biomarker maturity parameters could be applied to assess thermal changes in organic matter caused by waste dump fires, was examined using the data obtained. Geochemical parameters were correlated with observed petrographic changes in the organic matter caused by oxidation and heating. Petrographic analyses included the determination of maceral group contents (vitrinite, liptinite and inertinite), mineral matter and coke contents, and reflectance measurements on organic matter. All results were supported by proximate and ultimate analyses. Geochemical analysis included ultrasonic solvent extraction of bitumen followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) of the extracts. In petrographic terms, the influence of heating was seen in reflectance variations and as oxidation rims, cracks, pores and coke development. Some zoned oxidation rims may be interpreted as re-heating episodes. In terms of chemical fingerprints, less thermally-stable compounds such as lighter n-alkanes, cyclic isoprenoids, methyl- and dimethylnaphthalenes, methyphenanthrenes and five-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were destroyed or evaporated in the most fire-affected material. The presence/absence of particular compound groups was used to assess heating temperatures. Biomarker parameters of thermal maturity were used to assess alterations in organic matter around the waste dump fires, especially those indices and ratios with higher maturity ranges, e.g. (3-methylbiphenyl + 4-methylbiphenyl)/dibenzofurane and Σdimethylbiphenyls/Σmethyldibenzofuranes.  相似文献   

Sedimentary geochemical record of recent environmental changes around Lake Middle Marviken,Sweden     

Joyanto Routh  Philip A. Meyers  Tomas Hjorth  Mark Baskaran  Rolf Hallberg 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,37(4):529-545

Geochemical properties of sediments deposited in Lake Middle Marviken over the last 185 years record the impacts of a succession of environmental changes that have occurred in the watershed. Clear-cutting of forests for wood and charcoal and extensive water harnessing to support the local iron mills from 1897 to 1957 is recorded by low C/N ratios, high black carbon, and low TOC and N_total accumulation rates. Larger δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values in sediments deposited during this period imply higher productivity. Fluctuations in N_total and P_total accumulation rates show that the lake chemistry has varied between P or N-depleted systems that affected the δ¹⁵N values. Organic matter in the sediments is predominantly immature terrestrial material. Furthermore, hydrocarbon CPI, TAR, and P_aq values conform with the observed geochemical trends, variations in organic matter sources, and changes in the watershed. Accumulation rates of Cd, Pb, Zn, and S remained mostly unchanged throughout the period of mining, but an increase from 1957 to 1980 is most likely associated with air-borne industrial and fossil fuel emissions from regional urbanization. In situ microbial processes, such as iron and manganese reduction, also appear to be important in carbon cycling and in affecting the sediment and water chemistry of this lake.  相似文献   

生物标志物在海洋和湖泊古生态系统和生产力重建中的应用     

凌媛  王永  王淑贤  孙青  李海兵 《地学前缘》2022,29(2):327-342

海洋和湖泊具有重要的气候环境和生态调节功能。研究地质历史时期海洋和湖泊生态系统的生物群落的组成、结构和演变,将为解决当前面临的环境问题,评估可持续发展提供科学依据。生物标志物具有生物专属性,提供了使我们能够从分子水平上研究地质历史中各种生物演变的工具。本文初步总结了海洋和湖泊生态系统中的生物标志物(烷烃、酸类、醇类、酮类、酯类、甾类、藿类、萜类和甘油四醚类等)的特征和来源。陆生高等植物来源的生物标志物,以长链的烷烃、脂肪酸、脂肪醇和木质素、萜类等较为常见;水生微藻来源的生物标志物有长链烯酮、烷基二醇和高度支链类异戊二烯类化合物(HBIs)等;微生物来源的生物标志物有细菌藿烷多元醇(BHPs)、异形胞糖脂和支链烷烃类等。今后结合生物标志物单体同位素分析和基因、蛋白质组学等现代分子生物学研究,加强不同生物标志物对应的生物种属的生态学研究,古今生态研究相结合,可以为某些生物标志物的分子来源研究提供新的可行途径。本文还综述了生物标志物指标在重建海洋和湖泊生态系统的组成、结构、生产力和营养状况方面的应用。未来的研究将偏向于从定性向定量化重建转变,在海洋研究中应用较成熟的指标将越来越多的被用于湖泊环境中。此外,多指标结合使用将提高重建古生态系统的可靠度。  相似文献   

A quantitative study of the degradation of whale bone lipids: Implications for the preservation of fatty acids in marine sediments     

《Organic Geochemistry》2015

The degradation and preservation affecting the biomarker record of ancient metazoa are not fully understood. We report on a five month experiment on the fate of fatty acids (FAs) during the degradation of recent whale vertebrae (Phocoena phocoena). Whale bones were analysed for extractable FAs and macromolecularly bound n-acyl compounds. Fresh bone showed extractable FAs dominated by 16:1ω7c, 16:0, 18:1ω9c and 18:0. Calculated degradation rate constant (k) values showed a rapid decrease in FA concentration, with k values higher for unsaturated than for saturated compounds (0.08/day for 18:1ω9c, 0.05/day for 16:0). The appearance or increased abundance of distinctive methyl branched (e.g. i/ai-15:0 and -17:0, 10Me-16:0) and hydroxy FAs (e.g. 10OH-16:0 and 10OH-18:0) were observed, providing clear evidence for the microbial degradation of bone organic matter and an input of lipids from specialised bacteria. Catalytic hydropyrolysis (HyPy) of demineralised extraction residues released up to 0.13% of the total n-C₁₆ and n-C₁₈ moieties in the degraded bones. This revealed that only a small, yet sizeable, portion of bone-derived fatty acyl units was sequestered into (proto)kerogen during the earliest stages of degradation.  相似文献   

Distribution and composition of organic matter in surface sediments of coastal Southeast Alaska     

S.E. Walinsky  F.G. Prahl  A.C. Mix  B.P. Finney  J.M. Jaeger  G.P. Rosen 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

Total organic carbon (TOC) and biogenic silica (opal) content, elemental (C/N) and isotopic (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N) composition of organic matter and the content of lipid biomarkers derived from both marine and terrestrial sources constrain relative contributions from marine productivity and continental erosion to surface sediments throughout coastal SE Alaska (54°N to 61°N). TOC and opal content are very high (up to 8% and 33% by weight, respectively) in fjords and inlets south of Icy Strait (∼58°N) and uniformly low at offshore sites to the south, and at both offshore and inland sites to the north (averaging 0.6±0.3% and 2.3±1.8%, respectively). TOC and opal mass accumulation rates (MARs, based on bulk density and ²¹⁰Pb-derived sediment MAR) suggest dilution with terrigenous, inorganic detrital materials accounts for the low concentrations of both biogenic phases in sediments from the glacial tidewater fjords of Muir and Yakutat Bays but not elsewhere. C/N, δ¹³C, and δ¹⁵N indicate a dominant marine origin for organic matter deposited at most sites. This conclusion implicates elevated primary productivity in inland waters to the south with diatoms, based on opal results, being the dominant contributor. A very significant terrestrial organic fraction (25–50%) is contained in sediments deposited on the continental shelf to the north of 58°N. Hydrocarbon biomarkers indicate the terrestrial fraction in sediments from this region is represented by old organic matter (kerogen) likely contained within riverborne particles eroding from now heavily glaciated adjacent landscapes. In sediment to the south, the terrestrial fraction is traced to modern soil organic matter eroded from the now non-glaciated, heavily forested adjacent landscape. Our study provides a framework to guide future investigations of short- (anthropogenic) to long- (Holocene) term environmental and/or climate change in this region through down-core, stratigraphic analysis.  相似文献   

鸡西盆地早白垩世烃源岩可溶有机质地球化学特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

高红梅  高福红  樊馥  高玉巧 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2007,37(1):86-90

应用气相色谱、色谱-质谱等分析方法,对鸡西盆地早白垩世烃源岩生物标志化合物特征进行了讨论,揭示了生物标志化合物对该区有机质生物来源、成熟度及沉积环境的指示意义。有机质热演化已进入成熟阶段,且煤岩热演化程度略高于泥岩。泥岩有机质母质来源主要为水生生物,同时有高等生物的输入;煤岩以陆生高等植物输入为主,同时也有水生生物输入。煤岩沉积环境为弱氧化环境,经历过较强的降解作用过程;泥岩沉积环境为还原环境,沉积介质咸化程度较高,更有利于有机质的保存和转化。  相似文献   

Fatty acid composition of phytoplankton, settling particulate matter and sediments at a sheltered bivalve aquaculture site   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

S. M. Budge  C. C. Parrish  C. H. Mckenzie 《Marine Chemistry》2001,76(4)

Fatty acid biomarkers were used to investigate the biogeochemistry of a former blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) aquaculture site in a shallow, sheltered cove in northeastern Newfoundland. High levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in net-tow and sediment trap samples indicated a substantial phytoplankton source of organic matter, and fluctuations in specific fatty acid biomarkers reflected the changing abundances of diatoms and dinoflagellates. In comparison, sediments contained very low levels of PUFA (<15%) and were dominated by terrestrial and bacterial markers. In a separate study, blue mussels were grown at this closed site, providing the opportunity to examine the relationship between lipid supply, as recorded by net-tow and trap samples, and bivalve requirements. The average plankton fatty acid composition throughout the year agreed well with that of the adult blue mussels, suggesting that fatty acids were provided in proportions very similar to the bivalves' requirements. The fatty acid composition of the blue mussels was typical of those collected elsewhere, with PUFA proportions near 50%. However, examination of fatty acid data of plankton sampled in other areas revealed that the plankton in the current study may have been unusual in providing fatty acids at levels required by the bivalves.  相似文献   

Stress protein expression in Ampelisca abdita (Amphipoda) exposed to sediments from San Francisco Bay     

Ingeborg Werner  Kurt F. Kline  James T. Hollibaugh 《Marine environmental research》1998,45(4-5)

Stress proteins (heat shock proteins, hsps) form part of the cellular protein repair system, and are induced by a wide variety of Stressors. To determine their suitability as tools for assessing sublethal sediment toxicity, we measured levels of members of the stress protein families hsp60 and hsp70 in benthic estuarine amphipods (Ampelisca abdita) exposed to sediments from 23 different sampling sites in San Francisco Bay for 10 d. Concentrations of sediment-associated xenobiotics were determined. Per cent survival was recorded and surviving animals were analysed for stress proteins using western blotting techniques. An inverse correlation (r² = 0.44) was seen between amphipod survival and hsp64 levels, and hsp64 levels were positively correlated with concentrations of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (r² = 0.5). Principal component analysis revealed that amphipod mortality was linked to a combination of several PAHs (phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene) and di-n-butylphthalate at southern San Francisco Bay sites. At northern San Francisco Bay sites, negative correlations were found between hsp64 levels and organotin compounds (MBT, DBT, TBT), and between hsp71 levels and the PAHs, benzo (b,k)fluoranthene and benzo(G,H,I)perylene, suggesting an inhibitory effect of these compounds on stress protein expression.  相似文献   

Biomarkers reveal the terrigenous organic matter enrichment in the late Oligocene-early Miocene marine shales in the Ying-Qiong Basin,South China Sea     

Wenjing Ding  Youchuan Li  Lan Lei  Li Li  Shuchun Yang  Yongcai Yang  Dujie Hou 《海洋学报(英文版)》2023,42(3):31-53

The increase of total organic carbon content of the late Oligocene-early Miocene terrigenously-dominated marine shales in the shallower depth intervals was reported in the Ying-Qiong Basin, South China Sea. The organic enriched lower Sanya Formation shales(early Miocene) have biomarker characteristics of tropical/subtropical plants, with abundant high molecular weight n-alkanes, angiosperm-derived oleanane,rearranged oleananes Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅱ, tricyclic/tetracyclic terpanes including des-A-oleanane, X, ...  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘石炭系羊虎沟组油砂的发现与油源分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

席胜利  黄军平  张才利  李相博  井向辉  林俊峰  郭玮  张艳 《地质学报》2022,96(3):1041-1052

为明确新近在鄂尔多斯盆地西缘YT2井羊虎沟组发现的油砂地球化学特征及其油气来源,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC/MS)和同位素质谱技术对YT2井油砂中饱和烃生物标志物和抽提物及族组分的碳同位素进行了分析.分析结果表明:YT2井油砂中正构烷烃系列化合物呈前峰型,主峰碳为nC17;Pr/Ph、Pr/nC17和Ph/nC1...  相似文献