吊舱式直升机频率域电磁系统性能及应用效果   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

王卫平  周锡华  王守坦  方迎尧  金龙哲 《地球物理学进展》2008,23(3):942-947

IMPULSE系统是2003年2月从加拿大Scintrex公司引进的吊舱式直升机频率域电磁、磁综合系统.该系统采用新型的宽带技术,数字化程度较高,系统较为灵活,尤其适合于地形较为复杂地区的矿产和水工环勘查工作.目前该系统已经完成了飞行试验和4个测区的试生产测量工作,并在地下煤火勘查、矿产勘查等方面取得了明显的效果,实践证明该系统在地质和水工环勘查中具有良好的应用前景.  相似文献   

Factors influencing small-scale distribution of 10 macrolichens in King George Island,West Antarctica     

LIU Huajie  ;WU Qingfeng  ;FANG Shibo 《极地研究(英文版)》2012,(3):141-148

Lichens are among the main primary colonists in most terrestrial ecosystems of Antarctica, where the effects of environmental factors on spatial distribution of lichens are essential to understanding the functioning of Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems. We measured abundance of 10 frequently observed macrolichens and 15 environmental factors at a small scale （20 cm× 20 cm）, in the ice-free areas of Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island, King George Island, West Antarctica, and assessed the effects of environmental factors on the local distribution of these lichens. Canonical correspondence analyses （CCA） show that 8 out of 15 environmental factors, belonging to 4 sets of variables, are important in spatial distribution of the 10 lichens. Variation partitioning analyses show that most of the variation in distribution of the 10 lichens is described by the spatial heterogeneity of substrate, bird influence and microclimate and topography, whereas human impact has no significant effects.  相似文献   

SAVING THE ALBATROSS: FASHIONING AN ENVIRONMENTAL REGIME     

ROBIN W. DOUGHTY 《Geographical review》2010,100(2):216-228

After enduring decades of exploitation, associated with marine‐mammal persecution during the nineteenth century in the Southern Hemisphere, many albatross populations recovered. Albatross hunting ended by the mid 1900s as nations set aside breeding islands as parks and preserves. However, researchers began to note declines in the 1960s and traced them to deaths at sea due to industrial fishing. In this article I note the historic use of albatrosses and tracks efforts to establish international accords among states that will guide efforts to save what has become one of the most threatened bird groups in the world.  相似文献   

ROOST SITES AND COMMUNAL BEHAVIOR OF ANDEAN CONDORS IN CHILE*     

THORA MARTINA HERRMANN  MIRCEA I. COSTINA  ALINA M. ARON COSTINA 《Geographical review》2010,100(2):246-262

The Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) is an endangered species. Even southern Patagonia, home to the most stable and abundant populations of Andean condors, is witnessing increasing pressure from development and tourism. Taking the case of Torres del Paine National Park, in the Chilean Patagonia, we examine monitoring of condor populations at roosting sites and communal bird behavior in response to humans as an effective tool for bird conservation within protected areas. Based on field data collected throughout 2007, we identify new roosting places, explore activity patterns and population characteristics of free‐ranging and roosting Andean condors, examine bird behavior in response to humans, and analyze the current and likely future ecological impacts of tourism on the condor population and its habitat. Our results reveal that the impact of tourism is still low and that the Andean condors do not seem to be declining in numbers in the park but that the importance of roosts and animal behavior in response to humans must be considered for future monitoring, bird‐conservation planning, and ecotourism management.  相似文献   

An evaluation of beached bird monitoring approaches     

Seys J  Offringa H  Van Waeyenberge J  Meire P  Kuijken E 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(4):322-333

Oil-pollution monitoring at sea through beach bird surveying would undoubtedly benefit from a further standardisation of methods, enhancing the efficiency of data collection. In order to come up with useful recommendations, we evaluated various approaches of beached bird collection at the Belgian coast during seven winters (1993-1999). Data received in a passive way by one major rehabilitation centre were compared to the results of targeted beach surveys carried out at different scales by trained ornithologists: 'weekly' surveys - with a mean interval of 9 days - restricted to a fixed 16.7 km beach stretch, 'monthly' surveys over the entire coastline (62.1 km) and an annual 'international' survey in Belgium over the same distance at the end of February. Data collected through Belgian rehabilitation centres concern injured, living birds collected in a non-systematical way. Oil rates derived from these centres appear to be strongly biased to oiled auks and inshore bird species, and are hence of little use in assessing the extent of oil pollution at sea. The major asset of rehabilitation centres in terms of data collection seems to be their continuous warning function for events of mass mortality. Weekly surveys on a representative and large enough section rendered reliable data on oil rates, estimates of total number of bird victims, representation of various taxonomic groups and species-richness and were most sensitive in detecting events quickly (wrecks, oil-slicks, severe winter mortality, etc.). Monthly surveys gave comparable results, although they overlooked some important beaching events and demonstrated slightly higher oil rates, probably due to the higher chance to miss short-lasting wrecks of auks. Since the monthly surveys in Belgium were carried out by a network of volunteers and were spread over a larger beach section, they should be considered as best performing. Single 'international beached bird surveys' in February gave reliable data on total victim number (once the mean ratio between numbers in various months is known) and oil rate (provided a sufficiently large sample can be collected), but failed in tracking events. It is a particularly attractive approach because of its long tradition, resulting in invaluable long-term databases, and the uniformity in which these surveys are organised on a large scale. The minimal distance for a monthly survey amounts to 25-30 km (40-50% of Belgian coastline) up to 40 km (65%) in order to attain sound figures for oil rate and species-richness, respectively. These distances are primarily determined by the number of bird corpses that may be collected and are hence a function of beaching intensity and corpse detection rate.  相似文献   

AVIAN NESTING HABITS AND VEGETATION STRUCTURE     

Kathleen C. Parker 《The Professional geographer》1987,39(1):47-58

Discriminant analysis is used to identify relationships between vegetation structure and nesting behavior in 78 breeding bird communities in North America. Results indicated that bird communities associated with structurally similar vegetation exhibited similar arrays of nesting habits despite their geographical separation. Tree-cavity, intermediate-cup, and high-cup nesters dominated forests and woodlands; ground-cup and ground-scrape nesters dominated grasslands; and low-cup nesters dominated desert, scrub, and some woodland sites. These functional relationships are distinct from previously reported continental scale relationships between avian feeding habits and gross vegetation structure. Links between nesting behavior and vegetation structure provide us, as geographers, with a means for placing birds into a physical landscape perspective.  相似文献   

基于遗传算法的海洋地震拖缆避险工况阵列控制研究     

李扬  张维竞 《海洋工程》2015,33(1):114-118

针对海洋地震拖缆系统上位机对多个“水鸟”的控制问题,选取一种海上常见避险工况,对该工况进行分析计算,建立数学模型并利用“罚函数法”进行约束处理,得出基于遗传算法的适应度函数,并提出适用于该类工况一般情况的适应度函数公式,该公式能够完成对该工况所有情形的控制。实例表明该方法易于操作,计算得出的结果符合控制要求。  相似文献   

海鸟活动在东南极中山站区莫愁湖沉积物中的记录   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

刘晓东  孙立广  谢周清  朱仁斌  尹雪斌  赵三平 《极地研究》2004,16(4):295-309

本文对采自东南极拉斯曼丘陵中山站区的莫愁湖沉积物的元素、氨基酸和Sr同位素组成进行了详细的地球化学分析。结果表明莫愁湖沉积物中Zn、Cu、F、S、P、Se等六种元素具有共同的物质来源,其标型组合特征很可能揭示了莫愁湖沉积物在历史时期曾受到过企鹅等海鸟粪的影响,沉积物中酸溶相Sr同位素组成则确认了海洋源Sr的生物地球化学转移过程。酸溶相87Sr/86Sr值和研究区的新鲜海鸟粪酸溶相Sr同位素组成基本一致,都非常接近于海洋来源锶同位素组成(87Sr/86Sr=0.7092),并且沉积物中的生物元素Zn、Cu、F、S、P、Se含量和酸溶相Sr浓度具有非常高的统计相关性。酸溶相的87Sr/86Sr比值和反映湖泊中藻类等生物自然生成量的氨基酸含量表现出明显的负相关关系,进一步揭示了莫愁湖沉积物在历史时期曾受到企鹅等海鸟活动的影响。上述研究结果为更深入地研究该地区的生态、气候和环境的演变历史及其相互作用提供了有价值的参考资料。  相似文献   

江苏近海海域鸟类多样性及其与风电、养殖关系分析          下载免费PDF全文

刘威  张星烁  徐海根  杨波  曹铭昌  熊天石  韩永祥  袁屏  伊剑锋  周大庆 《海洋科学》2023,47(4):89-107

江苏近海海域是具有数十年历史的鸟类学研究地区,对于海洋性鸟类繁殖、保护以及江苏省鸟类名录的修订具有重要地位。本研究首次系统调查、整理了近40年间江苏近海海域鸟类多样性,分析了鸟类多样性的群落结构及与风电、养殖的关系特征。通过对连云港、盐城和南通近海海域以及少数离岸岛屿4个季度的野外调查,共计发现鸟类69种2 393只,隶属于11目27科。其中,雀形目和鸻形目是近海海域鸟类的重要组成类群,鹱形目、鲣鸟目和潜鸟目在江苏近海海域稳定存在。本研究将江苏近海海域记录鸟类丰富至182种。2020年调查发现的鸟类物种占总记录鸟种数的37.91%,首次记录到的鸟种有27种。Pearson相关性检验显示风电建设与鸟类多样性在距离尺度上呈现显著的正相关关系,筏式养殖与鸟类多样性在距离尺度上呈现显著的负相关关系。表明江苏近海海域鸟类对风电场具有明显的规避倾向,而对筏式养殖区域具有明显的依赖倾向。针对当前江苏近海海域生物多样性保护水平较低、人为干扰严峻的背景下,本文研提了基于生物多样性保护的政策建议,为近海海域空间优化和保护地体系制定提供参考。  相似文献   

互花米草扩张对江苏海滨湿地大型底栖动物的影响     

仇乐  刘金娥  陈建琴  王国祥  常青 《海洋科学》2010,34(8):50-55

2008年6月在苏北海滨湿地盐城珍禽国家级自然保护区内选取了3个典型断面8个样点,分析了大型底栖动物的种类、密度、生物量、多样性指数及均匀度指数等群落特征。本研究共采集到底栖动物21种,其中软体动物12种,占物种总数的57.1%;甲壳动物6种,占物种总数28.6%;环节动物2种,占物种总数9.5%;鱼类1种,占物种总数4.8%。结果显示:在光滩生境中,软体动物多以托氏昌螺(Umbonium thomasi)、泥螺(Bullacta exarata)及四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)为优势种,豆形拳蟹(Philyra pisum)亦有一定的数量。随着米草群落的侵入,软体动物中的尖锥拟蟹守螺(Cerithidea lar-gillierti)与环节动物中双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)则逐渐变成优势种。新生互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)群落提高了大型底栖动物的物种数量和丰富度,但随着时间的推移及米草的生长,米草群落中的底栖动物的物种数及多样性都会下降。可见,研究米草入侵对海滨湿地大型底栖动物群落的影响,除了调查方法及时空因素外,还应考虑到研究样地互花米草入侵时间的长短。  相似文献