共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
2.
湖相沉积物酸溶与酸不溶组分常量元素的地球化学行为及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖泊沉积物元素地球化学是探讨湖泊沉积环境的有效代用指标之一.通过青藏高原北缘柴达木盆地湖相沉积剖面沉积物中酸溶组分(AS)和酸不溶组分(AI)常量元素(K,Ca,Na,Mg,Ti,Fe,Mn和Al)的测试,分析了不同组分中常量元素的分布特征及其元素含量与矿物组成的关系.结果显示:剖面中常量元素的组成与沉积物矿物成分密切相关,酸溶组分与酸不溶组分中元素含量差别较大,揭示出不同组分对湖泊沉积环境的响应模式存在差异.其中,沉积物酸不溶组分中的Al、Fe等元素与石英矿物相对含量变化呈负相关,而与粘土矿物相对含量呈正相关,揭示出酸不溶组分元素变化与湖泊流域物质组成或风化强度等信息有关.沉积物酸溶组分常量元素含量相对较低,Na和Ca等活泼元素在酸溶组分中相对富集,与碳酸盐含量有较好的相关性,主要形成于湖泊自生作用.通过与常规代用指标沉积物粒度和87Sr/86Sr对比分析,贝壳堤剖面酸溶组分Mg/Ca比值部分继承了源区的信号,不能直接响应于湖泊盐度的变化.利用去趋势方法,去趋势后酸溶组分Mg/Ca比值与中值粒径及锶同位素比值呈现较好的正相关性,响应于传统的盐度模式解释,揭示了Mg/Ca比值指示湖泊环境变化的可靠性,综合分析不同组分的地球化学元素信息在提取和解译沉积物元素地球化学的环境代用指标方面具有重要意义. 相似文献
3.
在中国第22次南极考察(2005/2006)期间,采集了东南极戴维斯站区加德纳岛(GardnerIsland)上一根含企鹅粪的沉积泥芯。分析测试了该沉积物、新鲜企鹅粪和当地基岩中部分化学元素的含量。对元素进行聚类分析并结合对比新鲜企鹅粪、基岩中的部分元素含量特征后得出,该粪土沉积的生物标型元素组合包括P、Se、F、S、As、Cu和Sr等7种元素。这与西南极阿德雷岛企鹅粪土层的生物标型元素组合是基本一致的。在此基础上,对东、西南极企鹅粪土层的生物标型元素进行了优选,得出东南极优选生物标型元素为P和Se,西南极则为F、P和S。这为探讨东南极企鹅数量变化及东、西南极企鹅数量变化的对比研究打下了基础。 相似文献
4.
对采自北极新奥尔松(Ny-lesund)一级海岸阶地上的海蚀凹槽沉积剖面进行沉积岩相学、同位素地球化学和元素地球化学研究,结果显示该剖面的70-118 cm段显著受到了海鸟粪沉积的影响,为含贝壳的海鸟粪土沉积层。该段粪土沉积层中大多数元素的浓度随深度表现出明显的波动特征,其中TOC、TN、Se、Sr、CaO、Pb、As、Zn等元素含量在深度剖面上表现出较为一致的垂向变化趋势。对粪土层的元素地球化学数据进行了聚类分析,结果表明在浓度剖面上具有较好协同关系的上述元素组合与海鸟粪有机质的输入密切相关,这些具有显著地球化学性质差异的元素共生组合是北极新奥尔松粪土沉积层的生物地球化学组合的标型特征,它们的含量变化主要受控于海鸟粪对沉积物的影响程度。海鸟粪土生物地球化学标型组合特征的识别为进一步研究该地区12-4 ka B.P.的海鸟生态系统和气候演化记录提供了科学基础。 相似文献
5.
拜尔斯半岛位于南极利文斯顿岛最西部,是南设得兰群岛中最大的无冰区。对采自拜尔斯半岛的一根长55 cm的企鹅粪土沉积柱P1进行了元素和同位素地球化学分析。通过对沉积物C/N、有机质来源和δ15N的分析,发现P1沉积剖面中有机质主要来源于企鹅粪。利用富集系数、相关性分析、主成分分析等统计分析方法,识别出该沉积剖面中P、F、Cu、Hg、As、S六种元素具有共同的来源,与企鹅粪的输入密切相关,并且这些元素与TOC和δ15N显著正相关,说明沉积剖面中这些元素含量主要受控于企鹅粪的输入程度。通过与长城站区阿德雷岛、东南极戴维斯站加德纳岛企鹅粪土沉积物的标型元素特征比较,发现上述三个地区的标型元素组合大体上一致,反映了整个南极地区企鹅粪土沉积物生物标型元素组合的共性。研究结果为进一步恢复该地区的企鹅种群数量演化,及其对气候变化的响应提供了可能。 相似文献
6.
反射光谱技术:研究南极企鹅古生态演化的一种新方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探求快速、廉价、无损和同步的光谱技术在南极生态环境研究中的可能性,本文利用南极阿德雷岛的四根企鹅粪土沉积柱样品的反射光谱,通过逐步多元线性回归和主成分回归两种数学运算方法,建立了反射光谱数据与企鹅粪九种标型元素浓度之间的关系,并探讨了南极企鹅粪土沉积物光谱数据的古生态意义。结果表明:南极粪土沉积样品反射率光谱与企鹅粪九种标型元素(P、Ca、Cu、F、Ba、S、Zn、Sr、Se)含量之间存在良好的相关性,预测值与实测值之间的相关系数R都达到了0.9以上,在深度剖面上预测浓度与实测浓度具有非常一致的变化趋势;南极粪土沉积物光谱数据包含有明确的古生态变化信息,可利用主成分分析快速恢复历史时期企鹅数量演化过程。本研究结果为在偏远的南极地区开展古生态环境研究提供了一种新的快捷方法和技术途径。 相似文献
7.
沙漠古气候重建对于了解区域古气候演变具有重要意义。通过以巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘巴润宝日陶勒盖(BRBG)剖面为研究对象,进行全样地球化学、分组分分粒级元素地球化学及Sr同位素分析,重建该地区末次冰期期间(66.8~41.0 ka)的气候演化模式。研究表明:66.8~41.0 ka呈现残留组分高Sr/Ca值、酸溶组分及残留组分低Ba含量特征,指示化学风化增强及湖泊补给量增加,反映暖湿气候特征。微量元素变化特征指示沉积物细粒组分中的微量元素指标对气候的敏感度高于粗粒组分。Sr同位素结果显示酸溶组分中87Sr/86Sr值在66.8 ka附近达到最大值,可能与湖水盐度升高相关。此外,几乎所有指标均指示在41.0 ka前后存在一次气候突变事件,研究认为巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘41.0 ka前后从暖湿突变为干冷气候可能是该时期的西伯利亚高压系统增强所致。 相似文献
8.
哈尔滨沙尘暴的化学特征及其物质源探讨 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
对哈尔滨2002年3月20日的沙尘沉降物进行了收集。地球化学元素分析表明,哈尔滨沙尘暴沉降物化学成分以SiO2、Al2O3和Fe2O3为主,三者之和达77.8%,比兰州沙尘暴沉积物高8.72%,比兰州黄土高7.06%。V、Rb、Nb、Ba等微量元素含量要明显高于兰州沙尘,而Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Sr则低于兰州沙尘。Ca、Na、Sr元素的富集因子明显小于1,为亏损元素;Mg、K、Si、Fe、Mn、P、Ti、Co、Ni、V等元素的富集因子都在1左右,主要是地壳来源,来源于地表土的风力起尘。Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Se等元素有一部分来自于地壳源之外的其他污染源;As、Cd和Sb元素的富集因子大于10,为大气污染来源。沙尘的化学组成及富集因子、判别函数、物源指数、地表土的粘粒率、化学风化指标等分析表明,西北黄土的元素组成非常接近兰州沙尘,而明显不同于哈尔滨沙尘,哈尔滨沙尘源区不同于西北黄土及兰州沙尘,其气候生物状况和化学风化程度要明显好于或高于西北沙尘源区。 相似文献
9.
连环湖马圈泡沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对连环湖马圈泡柱状沉积物重金属（Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cd）等地球化学指标的分析, 对马圈泡沉积物污染历史进行了讨论。根据元素的变化趋势,结合颗粒组成指标,采用相关分析,富集状况及潜在生态风险评价,并辅以210Pb、137Cs测年数据,研究了自1937年以来该湖区沉积物重金属元素污染特征、来源、污染历史及污染程度。结果表明,1987年以前各元素含量变化趋势平稳,1987年至今,7种重金属元素含量均明显增加。重金属元素的来源包括自然来源和人为输入。从单向污染系数来看Cu、Ni、Cr、Pb、Zn属于中等污染强度,Mn、Cd达到了强污染程度;从综合污染系数来看,表层重金属元素主要为中等程度的污染。沉积物重金属污染历史与该区经济发展阶段相吻合可为其湖区生态环境的整治与改善提供基础性的数据资料。 相似文献
10.
新疆艾比湖湖泊沉积物元素地球化学记录及其生态环境意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在对新疆艾比湖近代岩芯沉积物元素地球化学特征分析基础上,结合数理统计学方法对元素的来源及其反映的环境演变历史进行了探讨,最后利用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对岩芯表层沉积物中重金属的潜在生态危害进行了评估。结果表明：艾比湖岩芯沉积物中元素组成基本可以分为3类：第1类元素包括Fe、Mn、V、Ni、Li、Cr、K、Al、Co、P、Ti、Be、Pb、Cu、Ba和Zn,主要来源于流域陆源碎屑物,受流域侵蚀强度等因素影响,其中,Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、V、Zn等重金属以及营养元素P的富集系数1875-2011年由于受人类活动影响发生了较为明显的变化;结合重金属和营养元素P的富集系数有序聚类分析,以23 cm（1960年）为界可将艾比湖流域环境演变历史分为差异明显的两个阶段：（Ⅰ）1875-1960年,流域社会发展程度较低,人类活动导致的重金属输入少,流域环境主要受区域自然变化的影响;（Ⅱ）1960年至今,随着人口的增加,经济发展工农业活动增强,尤其是农业用水量增加,大多数重金属元素和P相对于前期有较为明显的增加。第2类元素有Mg和Na,主要来源于湖泊水中蒸发盐类结晶;由于绿洲农业的发展和灌溉用水的增加,在气候变化和人类活动的共同影响下,湖泊水位发生了剧烈的波动,造成Mg、Na等元素的波动变化。第3类元素包括Ca和Sr,受流域易溶元素风化淋溶作用控制。艾比湖沉积物中Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、V、Zn等7种重金属的潜在生态危害程度Ni（4.7） > Pb（4.6） > Cu（4.2） > Co（2.6） > Cr（1.7）=V（1.7） > Zn（1.1）,7种重金属均属于低生态风险。 相似文献
11.
Yu-Xin Fan Fa-Hu Chen Guo-Xiao Wei David B. Madsen Charles G. Oviatt Hui Zhao Xi Chun Li-Ping Yang Tian-Lai Fan Guo-Qiang Li 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,43(3):577-587
Lake Jilantai-Hetao, a megalake, was formed some time before 60–50 ka, along the Great North Bend of the Yellow River. The
basin is now dry, with most of the area covered by aeolian sand. We are investigating this profound hydrologic change using
a number of research approaches. Paleoshorelines of this megalake are best preserved in the Jilantai area in the southwestern
portion of the megalake basin. We collected aquatic mollusk shells from littoral sediments at different altitudes around Jilantai
and measured their strontium isotope compositions. 87Sr/86Sr ratios in shell carbonates are different between the high lake phase (~1,080–1,050 m altitude) and the low lake phase (~1,044–1,030 m
altitude), with a small shift in average strontium ratios to more radiogenic values during the low lake phase. Based on regional
hydrology and physical geography, we conclude that water from the Yellow River was the dominant water source supplying this
megalake. 87Sr/86Sr ratios of modern water samples suggest the Yellow River was the dominant water source during the high lake phase, but that
the relative contribution of Yellow River water to the megalake was reduced, and that the relative contributions of local
precipitation and groundwater increased, during the low lake phase. 相似文献
12.
Mary Beth Day David A. Hodell Mark Brenner Jason H. Curtis George D. Kamenov Thomas P. Guilderson Larry C. Peterson William F. Kenney Alan L. Kolata 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2011,45(1):85-99
Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia, possesses one of the most productive inland fisheries in the world and is a vital natural resource
for the country. The lake is connected to the Mekong River via the Tonle Sap River. Flow in the Tonle Sap River reverses seasonally,
with water exiting the lake in the dry season and entering the lake during the summer monsoon. This flood pulse drives the
lake’s biological productivity. We used Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes and elemental concentrations in lake sediment cores to track
changes in the provenance of deposits in Tonle Sap Lake. We sought to determine when the lake first began to receive water
and sediment input via the Mekong River, which initiated flood pulse processes. The transition from a non-pulsing lake to
the Mekong-connected system is marked by shifts to values of 87Sr/86Sr, εNd, and 207Pb/204Pb that are characteristic of Mekong River sediments. In addition, magnetic susceptibility increased and sediment elemental
composition changed. Elemental (P) measures point to enhanced phosphorus loading and C/N and isotope ratios of bulk organic
matter indicate a shift to greater relative contribution of organic material from aquatic versus terrestrial environments,
coinciding with the initiation of flood pulse processes. On the basis of radiocarbon dating in two cores, we estimate the
initiation of the annual flood pulse occurred between ~4,450 and 3,910 cal year BP. 相似文献
13.
14.
内蒙古黄旗海不同粒级湖泊沉积物Rb、Sr组成与环境变化 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
内蒙古黄旗海湖泊沉积物剖面层次结构清晰完整,通过对该剖面全样、77 μm~20 μm和小于20 μm三个不同粒级Rb、Sr含量和磁化率的系统测定,结果表明,湖泊沉积物中小于20 μm粒级成分的Rb、Sr含量和Rb/Sr值变化阶段明显,Rb/Sr值与磁化率分布曲线十分吻合,因此,小于20 μm粒级成分的Rb/Sr值与磁化率包含更加真实的古气候环境信息。Rb/Sr值反映了风化的强度,因而可以作为指示夏季风环流强度的代用指标。黄旗海湖泊沉积物的地球化学Rb、Sr元素含量和Rb/Sr值以及磁化率值波动特征具有深刻的环境演变背景,由此揭示的环境特征在一定程度上反映了全新世气候千百年尺度的波动变化,与全球气候波动有关。 相似文献
15.
20 0 0年 1月 1 9日至 2 7日在 70°3 0′E- 75°3 0′E,6 2°S以南的南极普里兹湾近岸陆架区的陆隆向深海区设三条纵断面进行浮游生物现存量、真光层深度和光合作用速率的现场观测。并在冰间湖站 - 1 2进行连续昼夜观测。结果表明 ,观测海区叶绿素 a浓度高值位于近岸海湾、冰间湖和测区中部的陆坡区 ;陆坡中部站 - 6和 - 8,0 - 5 0 m的浅水层为叶绿素 a高值区 (2 .1 6- 5 .0 8μg/dm3 )。各测站平均叶绿素 a浓度 2 5 m次表层 (1 .49± 1 .6 1 μg/dm3 )高于表层 (1 .1 4±1 .1 9μg/dm3 ) ,5 0 m以下更深层的浓度随深度的增加而降低 ,2 0 0 m层叶绿素 a浓度仅 0 .0 3±0 .0 2μg/dm3 。昼夜观测结果表明表层叶绿素 a浓度在南极夏季的午后出现最大值 ,晨间出现最小值 ;2 5 m以浅水层的叶绿素 a浓度明显高于深层水 ,与封冰消融冰藻的释放有关。测区真光层潜在初级生产力为 0 .76 - 1 2 .5 9mg C/(m3· h) ,平均值为 4.0 1± 4.0 7mg C/(m3· h) ;海湾和陆架区现场生产力均超过 1 .5 g C/(m2 · d) ,陆坡、深海区约 0 .5 g C/(m2 · d)。高生产力位于高生物量的近岸海湾、陆架冰间湖区。光合作用同化数在 0 .88- 3 .1 0 mg C/(mg Chla· h)。表层叶绿素a浓度与海水中溶解氧浓度呈紧密相关 (Y=0 .0 5 9X 相似文献
16.
The origin of the sediments located in the Naracoorte Caves (South Australia) was investigated via the analysis of strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr), elemental geochemistry, and mineralogy. Sedimentary deposits located in Robertson, Wet, Blanche and several other chambers in Victoria Cave are all variable mixes of fine sand and coarse silts, which display similar and consistent strontium isotope ratios (0.717–0.725). This suggests that over the 400 ka time frame that these deposits span there has been minimal variation in the source of the clastic sediments. Increased strontium concentrations for these cave sediments correspond with increasing silt content, yet there is no correlation between 87Sr/86Sr ratios and silt content. This implies that the silt-sized component of the sediments is the main contributor of strontium to the cave sediments. Comparisons of 87Sr/86Sr with regional surficial deposits show a significant correlation between the cave sediments (avg: 0.7228; n = 27), the fine silt lunettes of the Bool Lagoon area (avg: 0.7224; n = 4), the sandy A horizons of the Coonawarra Red Brown Earths (RBEs; avg: 0.726; n = 5), and Holocene age podsolic sand deposits (0.723). These data suggest that there has been substantial flux from this group of deposits to the caves, as would be expected considering prevailing winds. This relationship is further supported by a strong correlation between many trace elements, including Ti, Zr, Ce, and Y; however, variations in clay mineralogy suggest that the fine silt-dominated lunettes and Padthaway RBEs were not significant contributors to the cave deposits. Hence, the detritus entering the caves was more than likely from areas proximal to the cave entrance and was dominated by medium grain-sized materials. Major regional deposits, including the coarser-grained, calcite-rich Bridgewater Formation sands, basalts from the lower SE, Padthaway Horst granites, Gambier limestone, and metamorphics from the Adelaide geosyncline show minimal correlation in 87Sr/86Sr ratios, elemental geochemistry, and mineralogy with the cave sediments, and are discounted as significant sources. In comparison, 87Sr/86Sr ratios for the Coorong silty sands (0.717–0.724), Lower Murray sands (0.727–0.730), and the medium size silt component of the Murray–Darling River system (0.71–0.72), compare favourably with the cave sediments. This relationship is further supported by similarities in elemental chemistry and mineralogy. Thus, much of the strontium-rich silt that is now located in the Naracoorte Cave sediments likely originated from the Murray–Darling basin. Over time, this material has been transported to the SE of South Australia, where it mixed with the medium sand component of the regressive dune ridge sequence, locally derived organic matter, limestone fragments, and fossil material to produce the unique deposits that we see evident in many of the chambers of the Naracoorte Cave system today. 相似文献
17.
内蒙古黄旗海不同粒级湖泊沉积物Rb、Sr组成与环境变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Based on the geochemical elements Rb and Sr in sediments with three different grain size fractions from profile H3 on the northern lacustrine bottomland 13 m above the Huangqihai Lake surface in 1986,the paper investigates the record of palaeolake stand state, sedimentary environmental evolution,and winter monsoon change.First,these samples are separated into three different grain size fractions,i.e.,total sediments,77-20μm and〈20μm. Second,the chemical elements-Rb and Sr-of the grain size separation were tested and analyzed systematically in this paper.Then the elements compositions of these samples are measured using VP-320 mode fluorescence spectrum instrument,respectively.The magnetic susceptibility of these samples is measured using Kappabridge KLY-3 mode instrument made in Czech AGICO Company.The results showed the elements and the ratios varied regularly with the grain size.But the ratio of Rb/Sr in the sediments〈20μm correlates positively with the magnetic susceptibility of these samples.Therefore,the ratio of Rb/Sr in the fraction〈20 μm from the lake sediments reflected the strengthening of the weathering in the deposition sites.It is a good indicator of the summer monsoon-induced weathering and pedogenesis fluctuations and can be used to reconstruct the conditions of the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment. 相似文献
18.
长江中游网湖近代沉积环境演变及其对人类活动的响应 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
采用放射性核素210Pb和137Cs计年方法,建立了长江中游网湖近代沉积物的年代序列,并对网湖沉积物的粒度组成、磁性参数、重金属元素、花粉组合以及营养盐含量等指标进行了分析。根据沉积指标垂直分布的综合特征,结合湖区史料,重建了网湖100年来沉积环境的演变过程。通过对沉积指标与湖区人口变化、工农业产值等数据的比对,发现中华人民共和国成立以后沉积物中TOC和TN浓度与人口变化存在较高的相关性,相关系数分别达到0.8892和0.8928(P<0.001);沉积物中重金属元素富集序列、营养盐富集序列与孢粉含量的变化序列与湖区人类活动具有较好的耦合性。表明网湖沉积指标可以敏感地反映湖区的人类活动。 相似文献
19.
Ulrike Kienel Peter Dulski Florian Ott Sebastian Lorenz Achim Brauer 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2013,50(4):535-544
The recent sediments of two lakes in the NE German lowland became seasonally laminated at different times. Anoxic bottom conditions resulted from a surplus of organic matter (OM), in the early stage indicated by irregularly laminated sediments comprising abundant iron-sulfide framboids. Their diagenetic formation predates the preservation of biochemical calcite varves. In the larger, deeper Lake Tiefer See near Klocksin, anoxia developed stepwise. A first anoxic pulse was contemporary with inflow narrowing by railway-dam construction and accumulation of OM. It was favored by a decrease of the intensity of lake circulation (turnover). Nutrients introduced from artificial fertilizer then increased the primary production (diatoms) to the point of OM surplus and seasonal laminae formation started 40 years later in 1924. In the smaller, shallower Lake Tiefer See in the Uckermark, a massive pulse of iron sulfide was centered around 1960, seven years after installation of piped field drainage into the lake. Anoxia developed rapidly with the nutrients drained from a fertilized groundwater catchment that is 10 times larger than the surface catchment, while surface erosion was reduced. Reducing bottom conditions became regular and the seasonal lamination was preserved after 1967. Morphological criteria to screen lakes for varved sediments should include reductions of natural lake inflow and catchment increase, such as by inflow of field drainage. Similar developments of increased nutrient input or intensity decrease of lake circulation may result from historical human activities but also from natural processes. 相似文献