松辽盆地西部斜坡英台地区姚二、三段辫状河三角洲沉积特征研究     

李彦芳  车启鹏  辛仁臣 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1993,(4)

松辽地区西部斜坡英台地区姚家组二、三段,是在干旱一半干旱、源近流短、东倾陡坡背景下,在洪积扇前,由辫状河入湖形成的辫状河三角洲沉积。可明显区分出狭窄的辫状河三角洲平原,河口坝不太发育的辫状河三角洲前缘和夹浊积砂的辫状河前三角洲三种沉积亚相。辫状河三角洲平原由灰色含砾砂岩,粗、中砂岩,少量细砂岩,粉砂岩夹紫红色泥岩组成。具有明显的正韵律为特征。辫状河三角洲前缘沉积为灰色-绿灰色中、粗砂岩、细砂岩、少量的含砾砂岩,成正韵律或反韵律夹在灰绿色、灰黑色泥质岩中。辫状河前三角洲沉积多为灰绿色、灰黑色泥质岩,可夹少量砂质浊积岩。上述沉积特征明显地区别于正常河流三角洲沉积和扇三角洲沉积。  相似文献   

珠江三角洲东部常平地区景观异质性研究   总被引：25，自引：1，他引：24  

曾辉  邵楠  郭庆华 《地理学报》1999,54(3):253-262

本文以１９８８年－１９９６年６个时段景观遥感类型图为主要信息源,利用信息熵法和空隙度指数法对珠江三角洲东部常平地区的景观异质性进行了研究。重点探讨了景观组分的空间分布差异和异质性动态变化情况。结果显示,开发区主要呈宏观异质性分布,果园,农田和林地呈微观异质性分布,城镇和水体的异质性分布特征均出现显著变化。  相似文献   

Lower Pleistocene deltaic and marine sediments in boreholes from the central North Sea     

Martyn S. Stoker  Alistair J. A. Bent 《第四纪科学杂志》1987,2(2):87-96

Lower Pleistocene sediments recovered in boreholes from the Aberdeen Ground Formation in the central North Sea indicate that the unit was deposited in a delta front to prodelta/shallow, open shelf marine setting. Possible estuarine and clastic nearshore marine deposits have been identified on the western margin of the basin. The delta front sediments consist of interbedded, structureless to laminated sands and muds with organic debris, ferruginous nodules and common soft sediment deformation structures. Sporadic rippled and graded beds, basal scours to beds and starved ripples suggest periodic wave–current reworking. Prodelta/shelf marine sediments are predominantly argillaceous with only occasional thin sand beds and rare phosphatic bands. One exceptionally thick sand body or submarine channel-fill although this remains uncertain. The estuarine/clastic nearshore marine sediments include coarse channel-lag deposits and rippled and laminated subtidal sands. A rich microfossil assemblage recovered from the prodelta/shelf marine sequence indicates that deposition occurred under fluctuating climatic conditions.  相似文献   

When are relative variograms useful in geostatistics?     

Noel Cressie 《Mathematical Geology》1985,17(7):693-702

The relative variogram has been employed as a tool for correcting a simple kind of nonstationarity, namely that in which local variance is proportional to local mean squared. In the past, this has been linked in a vague way to the lognormal distribution, although if {Z_t; t D}is strongly stationary and normal over a domain D,then clearly {exp (Z_t); t D}will stillbe stationary, but lognormal. The appropriate link is made in this article through a universal transformation principle. More general situations are considered, leading to the use of a scaled variogram.  相似文献   

Authigenic sericite record of a fossil geothermal system: the Offenburg trough,central Black Forest,Germany     

Olaf?Brockamp  Norbert?Clauer  Michael?ZutherEmail author 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2003,92(6):843-851

A fossil geothermal area is hosted by the Carboniferous, Permian and Bunter sandstones of the Offenburg intramontane trough in the central Black Forest. The hydrothermal alteration is identified on the basis of newly formed sericites, which appear as pseudomorphs after feldspar and filling of pore spaces. According to K–Ar dating of sericite, serititization occurred about 145 Ma ago (Jurassic). On the basis of ¹⁸O analyses of sericite, sericite composition and vitrinite reflectance, the hydrothermal fluids had temperatures of 150–210 °C. Because their electrolyte content was low, these fluids are assumed to have derived from meteoric water. A second pulse of electrolyte-rich hydrothermal fluids resulted in quartz overgrowths. Fluid mobilization seems to be linked to the disintegration of Pangaea and to reactivated fault systems extending from the crystalline basement into the intramontane sediments.  相似文献   

CLOBAL CHARM OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER DELTA     

CHEN Shu-peng  ZHOU Cheng-hu  CHEN Qiu-xiao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,(4)

1SPLENDOROFHISTORICALCULTURE InChina,theChangjiang(Yangtze)RiverDelta①gen-erallymeansanadvancedproductivityandculture,whichaffectsdeeplynotonlythewholeChinabutal-sotheAsian-Pacificregion,evenEuropeandAfrica. 1.1CradlefortheCommunicationandPropagationofCivilization ThedevelopmentcourseoftheChangjiangRiverDelta'scultureisdevious,buttheNeolithicHemuduCultureexcavatedinYuyaoCityofZhejiangProvinceindicatestheadvancedpaddyriceculture;MajiabangCulture5000aB.P.andEastBridgeRuin…  相似文献   

黄河断流后三角洲(水上平原)的滑塌构造研究   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8  

钟建华  李理 《沉积学报》2000,18(1):7-12

黄河断流后三角洲 (水上平原 )上的滑塌构造非常发育,在分流河道中几乎随处可见,它们主要发育在边滩、心滩外缘、周缘或内部的水道中,还可以发育在河床上。滑塌作用形成了三种产物:滑塌壁或滑塌缝 滑塌体和滑塌碎块及滑塌变形基底。滑塌壁或滑塌缝按力学机制可能分为两种类型 一种是张性 另一种是剪性。滑塌壁或滑塌缝的规模不一,大者长度可超过十余米,甚至二十余米,小者长度只有 3～ 5cm 滑塌体规模差别也较大,大者高度可超过 1m,长度可达 3～ 4m 小者高度和长度仅数cm。通过观察发现,滑塌构造的产生与波浪的掏洗和流水冲蚀有关,与地震和斜坡滑动关系不大。黄河断流后在某些低洼河道积水成“湖”,“湖”水在风的作用下形成波浪。波浪不断拍击导致边滩、心滩产生滑塌,形成一系列相应的滑塌构造 再者,黄河断流后边滩、心滩广泛暴露,黄河三角洲地区降雨后使边滩、心滩和河床上汇集成径流,径流的冲蚀也可以形成一系列滑塌构造。有的滑塌构造被风成砂埋藏后很容易被何存下来,而充填滑塌缝之间的风成砂经成岩作用之后则有可能转变成砂岩岩墙。  相似文献   

A conceptual model of depositional,rather than erosional,tidal channel development in the rapidly prograding Skagit River Delta (Washington,USA)     

W. Gregory Hood 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(14):1824-1838

The origin and growth of blind tidal channels is generally considered to be an erosional process. This paper describes a contrasting depositional model for blind tidal channel origin and development in the Skagit River delta, Washington, USA. Chronological sequences of historical maps and photos spanning the last century show that as sediments accumulated at the river mouth, vegetation colonization created marsh islands that splintered the river into distributaries. The marsh islands coalesced when intervening distributary channels gradually narrowed and finally closed at the upstream end to form a blind tidal channel, or at mid‐length to form two blind tidal channels. Channel closure was probably often mediated through gradient reduction associated with marsh progradation and channel lengthening, coupled with large woody debris blockages. Blind tidal channel evolution from distributaries was common in the Skagit marshes from 1889 to the present, and it can account for the origin of very small modern blind tidal channels. The smallest observed distributary‐derived modern blind tidal channels have mean widths of 0·3 m, at the resolution limit of the modern orthophotographs. While channel initiation and persistence are similar processes in erosional systems, they are different processes in this depositional model. Once a channel is obstructed and isolated from distributary flow, only tidal flow remains and channel persistence becomes a function of tidal prism and tidal or wind/wave erosion. In rapidly prograding systems like the Skagit, blind tidal channel networks are probably inherited from the antecedent distributary network. Examination of large‐scale channel network geometry of such systems should therefore consider distributaries and blind tidal channels part of a common channel network and not entirely distinct elements of the system. Finally, managers of tidal habitat restoration projects generally assume an erosional model of tidal channel development. However, under circumstances conducive to progradation, depositional channel development may prevail instead. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

长三角经济高速发展地区土壤pH时空变化及其影响因素   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

邵学新  黄标  顾志权  钱卫飞  金洋  毕葵森  严连香 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2006,25(2):143-149

通过调查和分析长三角地区张家港市2004年和第二次土壤普查时(1980)的土壤pH,探讨了该市近20年来基于经济高速发展影响下的土壤pH变化及影响因素。结果表明,自第二次土壤普查以来,该市土壤pH变化明显。南部人为土地区绝大部分土壤pH值都下降了一个单位,平均值由7.39降至6.33;北部雏形土区,两个时期的土壤pH值分别为7.92和7.98。土壤pH的降低可能同该地区长期施用化学肥料、酸雨及工业酸性“三废”排放的增加有关。此外,土地利用和田间管理也对土壤pH变化起着较为重要的作用,而土壤地球化学性质差异则是导致南北地区土壤pH变化不同的内在因素。  相似文献   

长江三角洲某地区浅层地下水单环芳烃污染特征及其原因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李炳华陈鸿汉  何江涛刘 菲 《中国地质》2006,33(5):1124-1130

本文针对长江三角洲某地区3个城市(C市、W市、S市)浅层地下水的单环芳烃进行了研究。根据研究区水样分析数据,总结出该地区单环芳烃的污染特点和分布特征,然后从研究区污染源分布、单环芳烃的挥发性、研究区降水以及包气带的防护性能等角度探讨了浅层地下水单环芳烃污染形成的原因。研究表明,该区浅层地下水单环芳烃污染呈点状分布,污染范围不大;浅层地下水单环芳烃污染相对较轻而地表水污染严重。浅层地下水单环芳烃污染特征与研究区工业企业分布、单环芳烃的挥发特性、降水以及研究区包气带防污性能密切相关。浅层地下水单环芳烃污染和工业企业分布具有很好的一致性,有机污染物高浓度的检出点均分布在污染工厂附近,无明显污染源的地段,其浅层地下水水样无有机污染物检出;各检测单环芳烃组分的亨利常数均大于1.01×102Pa·m3·mol-1,所以挥发作用是其主要迁移机理,苯的柱试验表明,苯溶液浓度从1079.0μg/L降低至6.9μg/L仅需26天;研究区包气带为河湖三角洲沉积相的淤泥质粘土,粘粒含量大,粘土矿物含量也很高,富含有机质,其含量大都在1.0%以上,此类土壤具有高的吸附能力,阻滞了污染物向浅层地下水迁移;降雨时浅层地下水中单环芳烃检出率和检出浓度都较高。4种因素综合,使得研究区浅层地下水单环芳烃呈现污染程度轻、分布零散、污染分布范围小的特点。  相似文献