A new approach to develop the Raman carbonaceous material geothermometer for low‐grade metamorphism using peak width     

Yui Kouketsu  Tomoyuki Mizukami  Hiroshi Mori  Shunsuke Endo  Mutsuki Aoya  Hidetoshi Hara  Daisuke Nakamura  Simon Wallis 《Island Arc》2014,23(1):33-50

The Raman spectra of carbonaceous material (CM) from 19 metasediment samples collected from six widely separated areas of Southwest Japan and metamorphosed at temperatures from 165 to 655°C show systematic changes with metamorphic temperature that can be classified into four types: low‐grade CM (c. 150–280°C), medium‐grade CM (c. 280–400°C), high‐grade CM (c. 400–650°C), and well‐crystallized graphite (> c. 650°C). The Raman spectra of low‐grade CM exhibit features typical of amorphous carbon, in which several disordered bands (D‐band) appear in the first‐order region. In the Raman spectra of medium‐grade CM, the graphite band (G‐band) can be recognized and several abrupt changes occur in the trends for several band parameters. The observed changes indicate that CM starts to transform from amorphous carbon to crystallized graphite at around 280°C, and this transformation continues until 400°C. The G‐band becomes the most prominent peak at high‐grade CM suggesting that the CM structure is close to that of well‐crystallized graphite. In the highest temperature sample of 655°C, the Raman spectra of CM show a strong G‐band with almost no recognizable D‐band, implying the CM grain is well‐crystallized graphite. In the Raman spectra of low‐ to medium‐grade CM, comparisons of several band parameters with the known metamorphic temperature show inverse correlations between metamorphic temperature and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the D1‐ and D2‐bands. These correlations are calibrated as new Raman CM geothermometers, applicable in the range of c. 150–400°C. Details of the methodology for peak decomposition of Raman spectra from the low to medium temperature range are also discussed with the aim of establishing a robust and user‐friendly geothermometer.  相似文献   

板裂千枚岩微观结构与力学性质     

周阳  苏生瑞  李鹏  马洪生  张晓东 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(2):504-513

为了研究板裂千枚岩的微观结构及力学性质,以汶川-马尔康高速公路沿线典型的板裂千枚岩为研究对象,进行了X衍射,薄片鉴定和单轴、三轴压缩试验。结果表明：1）板裂千枚岩微观结构和矿物成分比较复杂,具有明显的脆、塑性变形和裂隙,结构稳定性差;2）板裂千枚岩的各向异性明显,结构面夹角从0°到90°,板裂千枚岩的弹性模量、抗压强度、黏聚力和内摩擦角先减小后增大,呈V型分布规律;3）板裂千枚岩的破裂模式与结构面夹角和围压的大小密切相关,其破裂模式共有顺结构面的张拉劈裂破坏、顺结构面的剪切滑移破坏、Y型张拉-剪切复合破坏、顺结构面和贯穿结构面的复合张剪破坏、贯穿结构面的剪切破坏5种类型;4）随着围压的增大,不同结构面夹角试样的强度、变形参数和破裂模式的各向异性逐渐减弱;5）最大主应力与结构面的组合方式控制着岩石的破裂模式和力学性质,这是板裂板裂千枚岩显示各向异性的根本原因。  相似文献   

澜沧江杂岩带澜沧群浅变质岩系碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学及其构造意义   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

王舫  刘福来  冀磊  刘利双 《岩石学报》2017,33(9):2975-2985

澜沧群出露于滇西"三江"地区的南段,其主要岩石由遭受低级变质作用改造的泥质岩和基性火山岩组成。这些岩石普遍经历了古特提斯洋的闭合以及随后的洋陆俯冲过程,是研究古特提斯洋俯冲-碰撞过程的重要窗口。但是有关澜沧群的形成时代、物质来源以及形成的构造背景等一系列问题长期以来存在着多种争议。本文对澜沧群中3件石英岩和1件绢云母变质石英砂岩样品中分选出的碎屑锆石进行了阴极发光图像分析和LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究。澜沧群浅变质岩系碎屑锆石具有明显或弱的振荡环带和较高的Th/U比值,表明岩浆成因。年代学分析结果表明,4件浅变质岩石样品均得到了两组主要年龄峰值,分别为530Ma和930Ma、570Ma和915Ma、540Ma和960Ma、570Ma和910Ma。本次研究中碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要分布在570~530Ma和960~910Ma。其中,最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄峰值~530Ma,支持了前人认为澜沧群沉积时代为中奥陶纪(462~454Ma)的认识。本研究中澜沧群浅变质岩系碎屑锆石年龄分布特征表明源区可能主要为泛非期和罗迪尼亚超大陆聚合-裂解过程中形成的岩浆岩。碎屑锆石磨圆较好指示其经历了较长距离的搬运。澜沧群浅变质岩系碎屑锆石与羌塘、特提斯喜马拉雅和拉萨地体变沉积岩或地层中碎屑锆石具有相似的年龄分布特征,表明它们可能具有相似的源区。  相似文献   

Bulk Chemical Composition of the Ningqiang Carbonaceous Chondrite： An Issue of Classification   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANG Guiqin LIN Yangting 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(1):141-147

The Ningqiang meteorite is a fall carbonaceous chondrite, containing various Ca-, Al-rich inclusions that usually escaped from secondary events such as high-temperature heating and low- temperature alteration. However, it has not yet been classified into any known chemical group. In order to address this issue, 41 elements of the bulk Ningqiang meteorite were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） and inductively coupled plasma atom emission spectrometry （ICP-AES） in this study. The Allende （CV3） carbonaceous chondrite and the Jilin （H5） ordinary chondrite were also measured as references, and our analyses are consistent with the previous results. Rare earth and other refractory lithophile elements are depleted in Ningqiang relative to both Allende and mean CK chondrites. In addition, the REE pattern of Ningqiang is nearly flat, while that of Allende shows slight enrichment of LREE relative to HREE. Siderophile elements of Ningqiang are close to those of mean CK chondrites, but lower than those of Allende. Our new analyses indicate that Ningqiang cannot be classified into any known group of carbonaceous chondrites, consistent with previous reports.  相似文献   

A Study of Mesoproterozoic Iron Cosmic Micro-spherules from 1.8 Ga and 1.6 Ga Old Strata in the Ming Tombs District, Beijing     

SONG Tianrui HE Zhengjun WAN Yusheng LIU Yanxue 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(4):649-657

Numerous iron cosmic micro-spherules have been discovered from Mesoproterozoic strata including the Changzhougou Formation(1.8 Ga) and the Dahongyu Formation(1.6 Ga) of the Ming Tombs district,Beijing.There are 1 to 30 grains of cosmic spherules per 2 kg of a sandstone sample taken from the bottom of a coarse sandstone bed of the Changzhougou Formation and 56 grains per 3.69 kg of a rock sample from silicified carbonate rocks of the Dahongyu Formation.The surface textures of cosmic spherules analyzed by means of the secondary electron imagery are identical with those reported from references either domestic or abroad.So far the geo-ages of 1.8 Ga and 1.6 Ga of cosmic spherules from the Changzhougou and Dahongyu formations might be older than those reported in the world.Table 1 gives the electron probe analysis data of cosmic spherules for 30 spherule grains and 44 testing points as follows(%):FeO,80-95;Cr_2O_3;0-9.56;NiO,0-0.78;CoO,0-0.46; indicating that the Cr_2O_3 content is higher and FeO content lower in the Changzhougou Formation than in the Dahongyu Formation.The helium isotopic data of cosmic spherules as well as their host rocks vary greatly between the Changzhougou and the Dahongyu formations as shown in Table 2.The data of cosmic spherules of the Changzhougou Formation vs the Dahongyu Formation are 57.5/1.23 in ~3He/~4He(10~(-8));and 55.54/809.60 in ~4He(10~(-6)cm~3STP/g);those of coarse sandstone of the Changzhougou Formation vs silicified carbonate of the Dahongyu Formation are 3.39/2.59 in ~3He/~4He(10~(-8)) and 4.56/2.34 in ~3He(10~(-6)cm~3STP/g).The ratio of analytic data of helium isotopes are different for cosmic spherules and their host rocks;for example,the ~3He/~4He(10~(-8)) values are 16.96 and 0.48,and the ~4He (10~(-6)cm~3STP/g) are 12.18 and 345.98 for the Changzhougou and Dahongyu formations respectively.It was reported that the world's oldest micrometeorites had been found in the Meso-Proterozoic Satakunta Formation,Finland.However,the cosmic spherules from the Meso-Proterozoic Changzhougou and Dahongyu formations are 200 to 400 Ma older than those from the Satakunta Formation.Besides,one carbonaceous chondrite grain was discovered for the first time as the earliest remain formed in the solar nebula from the Dahongyu Formation.  相似文献   

渔塘坝富硒碳质岩石中硒淋滤实验的初步研究     

朱建明  王明仕  黎文  尹祚莹  苏宏灿 《矿物学报》2006,26(2):145-151

渔塘坝是中国较为典型的高硒地区之一。从该区选取了4个典型的富硒碳质岩样品,并在常温条件下进行了淋滤实验研究(pH=2.0,4.0和6.5)。初步结果表明:随着液固比的增大和淋滤时间的延长,淋滤液中硒含量变化的总体呈降低趋势。不同岩类间硒的淋失量有所差别,但岩石总量硒并不是影响硒淋失的主要因素。淋滤原液的不同pH值对岩石硒的淋失有显著影响,其淋失量的排列顺序是pH=2.0>pH=6.5>pH=4.0。岩石中碳酸盐与黄铁矿含量之比同淋滤液pH的变化有关,并且极可能是影响岩石风化初始阶段硒淋失的重要因素之一。  相似文献   

Paleolimnology and recent environmental change in Lake Baikal: an introduction and overview of interrelated concurrent studies     

R.J. Flower 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1998,20(2):107-117

Recent environmental change research in Lake Baikal is introduced together with an overview of several interrelated papers published concurrently in this issue of Journal of Paleolimnology. Five themes are tackled by analysis of recent Baikal sediment cores, dating, geochemistry, particulate pollutants, magnetism and diatoms. The concurrent papers focus on the first four themes in some detail and summary results of diatom analysis (from Mackay et al., 1998) are given here. Taken together these studies provide a time-space framework for recent environmental change in Lake Baikal not previously available.There are significant shifts in species composition of the endemic planktonic diatom assemblages in uppermost sediments collected from throughout the lake. However, these changes usually precede the sediment record of low level but widespread contamination by industrial products. The most clear sign of industrial contamination is the presence of particles from fossil fuel combustion in sediment post dating the 1930s.Although evidence for widespread biostratigraphic changes by pollution is lacking, radionuclide, diatom, lithostratigraphic and magnetic stratigraphies indicate two main features, (i) it is possible to make stratigraphic correlations within and between basins using recent sediment cores, (ii) that turbidite deposits, from several to tens of cm thick, are frequently encountered in recent sediments.Turbidite deposits occur in ²¹⁰Pb dated and pre-²¹⁰Pb sediment core sections and are undoubtedly a major macro-disturbance feature in many deep water locations in Lake Baikal. If profiles are to be used as direct proxy records of climate variability, then screening of cores for turbidites is a pre-requisite for quality assurance in future paleoenvironmental studies.On-going international research including Swiss, Russian and British joint paleoenvironmental studies on the distribution and biological formation of recent sediments will hopefully lead to better interpretation of Holocene and pre-Holocene sediment records in Lake Baikal.  相似文献   

吐哈盆地中下侏罗统源岩和油的生物标志物分布特征——饱和烃馏分   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

房嬛  孟仟祥  孙敏卓  王作栋  李玉梅  徐茵 《沉积学报》2008,26(5):891-895

通过对吐哈盆地煤系地层中下侏罗统煤岩、炭质泥岩、原油饱和烃组分的有机组分分析,获得以下认识:具有共同的特征生物标志化合物:γ 羽扇烷、异降松香烷、C24 四环二萜烷、高丰度C29甾烷,表明它们具有相同的高等植物母质来源。较高Pr/Ph比值、以及γ 蜡烷相对丰度很低等指示环境的参数具有一致性,说明它们的早期沉积环境相同,都是水质偏淡的弱氧化—弱还原环境。甾烷异构化参数C29 ββ／（ββ＋αα）在研究的低演化煤岩及炭质泥岩(Ro:0.47~0.53)中显示明显的高比值（0.294~0.489）,显示岩样在成岩过程中曾遭受过比较强烈的微生物作用,因此,煤岩早期的微生物作用可能是煤系地层早期生烃的动因。  相似文献   

雪冰中碳质气溶胶含量的测试方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘先勤  王宁练  徐柏青 《冰川冻土》2005,27(2):249-253

碳质气溶胶是大气气溶胶的一种, 主要由有机碳(OC)和碳黑(BC)或元素碳(EC)组成. 大气中的碳黑因其独特的光学性质和比表面积, 在大气辐射、气候学、云物理学、环境学以及毒物学等研究领域中具有重要的意义. 碳黑的化学性质十分稳定, 可作为一种示踪剂. 雪冰中碳黑记录的研究可以追溯历史时期生物量燃烧的信息, 以及为人类活动污染物的排放研究提供线索. 但是, 目前还没有找到一种十分有效的、统一的方法来测试不同介质中碳质气溶胶的含量. 根据雪冰介质的特点, 设计了一整套碳质气溶胶分析流程及相关的装置. 将雪冰样品融化并通过事先加热处理过的石英膜过滤, 利用供氧两步加热的方法使沉淀在石英膜上的碳质气溶胶中的有机碳和碳黑分离, 两步加热的温度分别为340℃和650℃. 采用分子筛富集CO₂, 用FID检测器检测 CO₂ 含量, 然后换算成有机碳和碳黑的含量. 上述方法测试有机碳和碳黑的空白值分别为6.05μgC和7.12μgC, 相对于国外的空白本底值较高, 主要是由于氧气流中CO₂的含量较高所致.  相似文献   

东昆仑德尔尼铜矿喷流岩——铁硅质岩的发现及其成矿意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋忠宝  栗亚芝  陈向阳  陈博  任有祥  张雨莲  张晓飞 《地质通报》2012,31(7):1170-1177

德尔尼地区的"炭质(砂)板岩"是一个使用了30多年的岩石名称,前人把这类岩石当作与成矿并无任何关系的一种沉积岩。本次工作发现并证实这类岩石进一步可分为2种:一种为陆源碎屑岩,即正常沉积岩——炭质(砂)板岩,与成矿无直接关系;另一种为海底喷流作用形成的一种喷流岩——铁硅质岩。由此推断德尔尼大型铜(钴)矿床,是一个以海底喷流-沉积成矿为主体的后期有叠加成矿的多期成矿作用形成的矿床。这在德尔尼地区寻找该类矿床有重要的理论意义和指导意义。  相似文献