旅游活动与水环境耦合分析——以玉龙雪山-丽江盆地为例     

窦文康  王泽平  方金鑫  韩彤彤  蒲焘  张鹏 《冰川冻土》2021,43(4):1210-1217

玉龙雪山是我国季风海洋型冰川发育最为典型的代表性地区,也是北半球最靠近赤道的现代冰川区。丽江市的部分水源来自于玉龙雪山冰川融水,同时玉龙雪山景区每年吸引着上千万的游客来欣赏现代冰川。旅游活动与水环境息息相关且相互作用,水环境的准确刻画是指导与优化区域旅游活动的基础。以世界著名旅游城市丽江市为例,基于实地采样与数据分析,对2018年丽江市的旅游活动与水环境进行耦合分析。结果表明：丽江市旅游活动与水体污染耦合度极高,旅游活动与水体富营养化和水体毒理的耦合度较低。旅游活动与水环境存在较强的关联,特别是与水环境指标中的高锰酸盐指数,存在强烈的耦合关系。总体上,旅游活动与水环境存在相关关系,旅游旺季水环境质量较旅游淡季更差。  相似文献   

渤海湾盆地庙西中南洼围区原油成因类型及分布主控因素     

孙哲  于海波  彭靖淞  胡安文  李飞 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2021,51(6):1665-1677

通过原油生物标志化合物参数聚类分析,在对比沙河街组不同层系烃源岩地化特征的基础上,分析了渤海海域庙西中南洼已发现原油的成因类型、来源及其分布规律。结果表明,研究区目前已发现的原油主要有Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型3种成因类型,其中：Ⅰ型原油来源于沙三段烃源岩,主要分布在垦利6-4区和蓬莱25区,其进一步可分为Ⅰ₁和Ⅰ₂两个亚类,分别对应中高熟沙三型原油和中低熟沙三型原油;Ⅱ型原油来源于沙三段和沙四段烃源岩,主要分布在蓬莱31区;Ⅲ型原油主要来源于沙四段烃源岩,可能有少量的沙三段烃源岩贡献,主要分布在渤中36区。原油地化特征及分布规律指示研究区为近源成藏特征。综合烃源岩分布特征及断层活动性分析认为蓬莱25区和垦利6-4区原油类型主要受烃源岩控制,而蓬莱31区和渤中36区原油类型和分布受断裂和烃源岩联合控制。  相似文献   

基于水热耦合的青藏高原分布式水文模型——Ⅱ.考虑冰川和冻土的尼洋河流域水循环过程模拟          下载免费PDF全文

刘扬李  周祖昊  刘佳嘉  王鹏翔  李玉庆  朱熠明  姜欣彤  王康  王富强 《水科学进展》2021,32(2):201-210

尼洋河流域是雅鲁藏布江第四大支流,受冰川、积雪和冻土影响,水循环关系极其复杂。为深入研究该区域内的水文循环过程,本文在寒区水循环模型（WEP-COR）的基础上,针对青藏高原气候和地质特点,构建了耦合“积雪-土壤-砂砾石层”连续体和“积雪-冰川”水热过程模拟的青藏高原分布式水循环模型（WEP-QTP）。在尼洋河流域通过对2013—2016年的流量过程模拟发现,工布江达和泥曲站的逐月流量Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数分别达到0.810和0.752,比改进前的0.430和0.095有明显提升;以2015年为例,对比WEP-COR和WEP-QTP模型发现,WEP-QTP模型在汛期特别是主汛前（冻土融化期）模拟的流量过程不会出现较大的波动,模拟得到的逐日流量Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数相比WEP-COR从-0.67提高到0.54。模型增强了地下水含水层的调节作用,使得流量过程更加平稳且接近实测,研究结果表明,WEP-QTP模型适用于青藏高原的水文模拟。  相似文献   

四川盆地下侏罗统陆相页岩气源储特征及耦合评价     

胡宗全  王濡岳  刘忠宝  刘光祥  冯动军  杨振恒  王鹏威 《地学前缘》2021,28(1):261-272

四川盆地陆相页岩气勘探前景良好,目前已在川东北地区下侏罗统获得良好页岩气显示和工业气流。与海相页岩相比,陆相页岩具有相变快、岩相组合类型多(夹层发育)、有机质丰度低和源储配置关系复杂等特点。运用“源储耦合”研究思路,利用宏观-微观结合的储层表征技术对下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段页岩的烃源特征、储集特征及其耦合关系开展了分析与评价。结果表明:(1)岩相组合特征。大安寨段为一套以暗色页岩与介壳灰岩不等厚互层为主的浅湖-半深湖沉积,主要发育4种岩相与3种厚度组合,主要包括高碳黏土质页岩夹薄层(<1 m)介壳灰岩、中碳黏土质/含粉砂质页岩夹薄-中层(<3 m)介壳灰岩、低-中碳粉砂质页岩夹中-厚层介壳灰岩及少量粉细砂岩;其中页岩为源岩和主要储层,介壳灰岩为次要储层和隔夹层,致密砂岩物性较差,主要为隔夹层。(2)烃源与储集特征。川东北地区页岩厚度介于30~40 m,TOC含量普遍介于1.0%~2.0%;有机质类型以Ⅱ₂型和Ⅲ型为主;页岩储集空间包括有机孔、无机孔与宏-微观裂缝,页岩中黏土矿物粒缘孔和晶间孔最为发育,有机孔次之,微裂缝发育程度与连通性较好;介壳灰岩夹层以粒间孔、粒内孔、微裂缝为主要储集空间。(3)揭示了大安寨段页岩层系的源储耦合机理。宏观上,TOC含量和孔隙度均随灰质含量的增加而降低,页岩的源储耦合条件优于夹层,以黏土质页岩为最优;微观上,页岩内部存在有机质与有机孔的源储一体耦合、原始有机质与无机孔和微裂缝之间为纳米至微米级距离的迁移耦合,页岩与夹层间为毫米至厘米级距离的迁移耦合,夹层内部则有赖于相邻页岩中有机质与夹层中无机孔和微裂缝的厘米至米级距离的运移耦合。(4)分别针对页岩层和夹层源储耦合特征建立了相应的源储耦合评价参数,对研究区2口典型钻井开展评价并优选了水平井靶窗。  相似文献   

Generation of oceanic internal gravity waves by a cyclonic surface stress disturbance     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2019

Atmospheric cyclones with strong winds significantly impact ocean circulation, regional sea surface temperature, and deep water formation across the global oceans. Thus they are expected to play a key role in a variety of energy transport mechanisms. Even though wind-generated internal gravity waves are thought to contribute significantly to the energy balance of the deep ocean, their excitation mechanisms are only partly understood.The present study investigates the generation of internal gravity waves during a geostrophic adjustment process in a Boussinesq model with axisymmetric geometry. The atmospheric disturbance is set by an idealized pulse of cyclonic wind stress with a Rankine vortex structure. Strength, radius and duration of the forcing are varied. The effect upon wave generation of stratification with variable mixed-layer depth is also examined.Results indicate that internal gravity waves are generated after approximately one inertial period. The outward radial energy flux is dominated by waves having structure close to vertical mode-1 and with frequency close to the inertial frequency. Less energetic higher mode waves are observed to be generated close to the sea floor underneath the storm. The total radiated energy corresponds to approximately 0.02% of the wind input. Deeper mixed-layer conditions as well as weaker stratification reduce this fraction.The low energy transfer rates suggest that other processes that drive vertical motion like surface heat fluxes, turbulent motion, mixed region collapse and storm translation are essential for significant energy extraction by internal gravity waves to occur.  相似文献   

Consolidation in spatially random unsaturated soils based on coupled flow‐deformation simulation          下载免费PDF全文

Y. Cheng  L.L. Zhang  J.H. Li  L.M. Zhang  J.H. Wang  D.Y. Wang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(5):682-706

This paper integrates random field simulation of soil spatial variability with numerical modeling of coupled flow and deformation to investigate consolidation in spatially random unsaturated soil. The spatial variability of soil properties is simulated using the covariance matrix decomposition method. The random soil properties are imported into an interactive multiphysics software COMSOL to solve the governing partial differential equations. The effects of the spatial variability of Young's modulus and saturated permeability together with unsaturated hydraulic parameters on the dissipation of excess pore water pressure and settlement are investigated using an example of consolidation in a saturated‐unsaturated soil column because of loading. It is found that the surface settlement and the pore water pressure profile during the process of consolidation are significantly affected by the spatially varying Young's modulus. The mean value of the settlement of the spatially random soil is more than 100% greater than that of the deterministic case, and the surface settlement is subject to large uncertainty, which implies that consolidation settlement is difficult to predict accurately based on the conventional deterministic approach. The uncertainty of the settlement increases with the scale of fluctuation because of the averaging effect of spatial variability. The effects of spatial variability of saturated permeability k_sat and air entry parameters are much less significant than that of elastic modulus. The spatial variability of air entry value parameters affects the uncertainties of settlement and excess pore pressure mostly in the unsaturated zone. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Exact solution of entanglement of the double Jaynes—Cummings model without rotating wave approximation     

任学藻  姜道来  丛红璐  黎雷 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(9)

This paper investigates the influences of atom--field coupling and dipole--dipole coupling for atoms on the entanglement between two atoms by means of concurrence. The results show that the sudden death occurs when the atom--field coupling is strong enough, and the collapse and the revival appear when the dipole--dipole interaction is strong enough.  相似文献   

Polar regionSq     

Wen-Yao Xu 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,131(3):371-393

Geomagnetically quiet day variations in the polar region are reviewed with respect to geomagnetic field variation, ionospheric plasma convection, electric field and current. Persistently existing field-aligned currents are the main source of the polar regionSq. Consequently, the morphology and variability of the polar regionSq largely depend upon both field-aligned currents and ionospheric conductivity. Since field-aligned currents are the major linkage between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere, the latter is controlled by solar wind state, in particular, the interplanetary magnetic field, the polar regionSq exhibits remarkable IMF dependence.  相似文献   

An unusual zone of seismic coupling in the Bonin arc: The 1972 Hachijo-Oki earthquakes and related seismicity     

Tetsuji Moriyama  Fumiko Tajima  Tetsuzo Seno 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,129(1-2):233-261

The 1972 February and December Hachijo-Oki earthquakes (M _s=7.3 and 7.4), in the northernmost part of the Izu-Bonin subduction zone, are the only major events (M _s>7.0) in the Bonin arc for the past 80 years. Relocation of the hypocenters, using one smaller event having a wellconstrained focal depth as a master event, shows that the depth of the February event is 10 km shallower than that of the December event. We have determined the rupture process for both events by minimizing the error in waveform between observed and synthetic seismograms. Although the number of available stations are limited, the depth range of the major energy release for the December event extends deeper than for the February one. The rupture propagated up-dip for both events. It is likely that the rupture zone of the two events overlapped, and that the December event ruptured the deeper part. This suggestion is consistent with the observation that the aftershock zones of both events overlap with that of the December event shifted landward. The waveforms of the December event have a smaller high frequency component than those of the February event, suggesting that the stress at the thrust zone became more uniform or reduced after the February event.No thrust type smaller event occurred near the rupture zone. Instead, theP-axes of smaller events are parallel to the dip of the slab and theirT-axes dip to the southwest. Focal depths of these events estimated byP-wave forward modeling are generally between 40–50 km and located beneath the thrust zone. We thus interpret them as the events within the Pacific slab near the zone ruptured by the two major events. The stress concentration around the rupture zone of the major events is suggested to have triggered these slab events. After the occurrence of the large events, the slab events are concentrated near the deeper portion of the rupture zone. These events may have been caused by the loading of the down-dip compressional stress near the down-dip end of the rupture zone due to the rupture. The occurrence of the doublet of large earthquakes and a number of down-dip compressional events beneath their rupture zones in a shallow portion of the subducting slab indicates an unusual zone of seismic coupling in the Bonin arc, most of which is seismically quiescent.  相似文献   

Subduction and back-arc activity at the Hikurangi convergent Margin,New Zealand     

Euan G. C. Smith  Tim Stern  Martin Reyners 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,129(1-2):203-231

The Hikurangi Margin is a region of oblique subduction with northwest-dipping intermediate depth seismicity extending southwest from the Kermadec system to about 42°S. The current episode of subduction is at least 16–20 Ma old. The plate convergence rate varies along the margin from about 60 mm/a at the south end of the Kermadec Trench to about 45 mm/a at 42°S. The age of the Pacific lithosphere adjacent to the Hikurangi Trench is not known.The margin divides at about latitude 39°S into two quite dissimilar parts. The northern part has experienced andesitic volcanism for about 18 Ma, and back-arc extension in the last 4 Ma that has produced a back-arc basin onshore with high heaflow, thin crust and low upper-mantle seismic velocities. The extension appears to have arisen from a seawards migration of the Hikurangi Trench north of 39°S. Here the plate interface is thought to be currently uncoupled, as geodetic data indicate extension of the fore-arc basin, and historic earthquakes have not exceededM _s=7.South of 39°S there is no volcanism and a back-arc basin has been produced by downward flexure of the lithosphere due to strong coupling with the subducting plate. Heatflow in the basin is normal. Evidence for strong coupling comes from historic earthquakes of up to aboutM _s=8 and high rates of uplift on the southeast coast of the North Island.The reason for this division of the margin is not known but may be related to an inferred increase, from northeast to southwest, in the buoyancy of the Pacific lithosphere.  相似文献