Bank erodibility of shallow sandbed streams     

James E. Pizzuto 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1984,9(2):113-124

Cross-sections were surveyed at straight reaches of 16 sandbed streams in the midwestern U.S. Two stratigraphic horizons are found in the banks at each site, an upper cohesive unit usually composed of silt and clay, and a lower unit composed of sand. Bank erosion on these rivers occurs when the upper cohesive unit is undercut by scour at bends. The overhanging cohesive block fails by toppling forward into the channel. During failure, the soil is primarily in tension rather than compression or shear. Analysis of this failure mechanism leads to a field method for measuring the tensile strength of riverbanks. Measured values of the tensile strength are not correlated with the channel geometry. Thus, the erodibility of the cohesive bank sediments does not influence the geometry of the rivers studied.  相似文献   

Effect of specimen size on the long-term strength of coal pillars     

R. K. Prasad  B. K. Kejriwal 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1984,2(4):355-358

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The strength and rheology of commercial tungsten carbide cermets used in high-pressure apparatus     

Ivan C. Getting  Ganglin Chen  Jennifer A. Brown 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1993,141(2-4):545-577

Uniaxial compressive stress-strain curves have been measured on a suite of 26 commercial grades of tungsten carbide cermets and three maraging steels of interest for use in high-pressure apparatus. Tests were conducted on cylindrical specimens with a length to diameter ratio of two. Load was applied to the specimens by tungsten carbide anvils padded by extrudable lead disks. Interference fit binding rings of maraging steel were pressed on to the ends of the specimens to inhibit premature corner fractures. Bonded resistance strain gages were used to measure both axial and tangential strains. Deformation was exremely uniform in the central, gauged portion of the specimens. Tests were conducted at a constant engineering strain rate of 1×10^–5s^–1. The composition of the specimens was principally WC/Co with minor amounts of other carbides in some cases. The Co weight fraction ranged from 2 to 15%. Observed compressive strengths ranged from about 4 to just above 8 GPa. Axial strain amplitude at failure varied from 1.5% to 9%. Representative stress-strain curves and a ranking of the grades in terms of yield strength and strain at failure are presented. A power law strain hardening relation and the Ramberg-Osgood stress-strain equation were fit to the data. Fits were very good for both functions to axial strain amplitudes of about 2%. The failure of these established functions is accompanied by an abrupt change in the trend of volumetric strain consistent with the onset of substantial microcrack volume.  相似文献   

海积软土前期固结压力与结构强度的关系及成因分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王冠英  肖树芳  习春飞 《世界地质》2004,23(1):69-74

通过对不同地区海积软土的大量试验，对原状土样和重塑土样的压缩曲线确定了海积软土前期固结压力和结构强度，并研究了海积软土前期固结压力及结构强度的关系。由于考虑了土的结构强度，对结构性土根据超固结比(OCR)对土的压密状态的判断与实际结果更加相符。为了定量地反映海积软土的结构强弱，首次引入反映海积软土结构性及其对扰动敏感程度的结构稳定系数，反映了海积软土结构性的稳定程度。初步分析了海积软土结构强度的成因。  相似文献   

高土石坝坝坡稳定非线性分析   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

吕擎峰  殷宗泽 《岩土力学》2004,25(5):793-797

在高应力状态下堆石料的抗剪强度具有明显的非线性。强度非线性有指数和对数两种描述形式。对几座高土石坝的坝坡稳定分析表明，使用对数形式的非线性强度准则得到的坝坡计算安全系数比按线性强度准则计算的安全系数要高。现行规范所规定的许可安全系数，是与许多年的大量的用偏低的线性强度所作的稳定计算相适应的，偏于保守，改用非线性强度后应作适当的提高，对其提高的程度进行了统计分析，并给出了用非线性强度指标稳定分析时安全系数取值标准的建议值。  相似文献   

纳米硅粉水泥土的强度特性及固化机理研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王文军  朱向荣 《岩土力学》2004,25(6):922-926

将性能优异的纳米硅粉作为外掺剂应用于水泥土改性研究。通过室内试验，探讨了纳米硅粉水泥土的强度特性。试验表明，一定掺量下的纳米硅粉能够显著提高水泥土的各个龄期强度。结合试验测试和理论分析，探讨了纳米硅粉在水泥水化硬化过程中的作用以及纳米硅粉与土之间的作用，在此基础上，分析了纳米硅粉改性水泥土工程性状的机理，旨在为纳米硅粉应用于工程实践开展理论和试验研究探索。  相似文献   

天然气水合物体系动态演化研究(Ⅱ):海底滑坡   总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2  

宋海斌 《地球物理学进展》2003,18(3):503-511

天然气水合物被认为是大陆边缘沉积物强度变弱的一个因子，从而能解释大陆边缘海底滑坡的一些观测现象。天然气水合物的形成使沉积物强度增加，而其分解则使沉积物强度变弱。虽然无法直接观测沉积物中天然气水合物的活动过程与相应的海底滑坡，大量的背景资料表明，天然气水合物崩解常常有助于触发海底沉积物块体的运动。此外，大型滑塌可以释放大量的固态天然气水合物，水合物在水柱中上浮。大块天然气水合物可以在分解前到达海洋的上部层，一些甲烷可以直接进入大气中。本文综述与天然气水合物体系演化有关的海底滑坡的研究现状。  相似文献   

徐州地区非黄土类湿陷性土的工程特性及其湿陷性机理     

汪吉林  丁陈建 《地质灾害与环境保护》2003,14(3):69-73

通过对徐州地区山间盆地的冲沟附近具有湿陷性的粘性土进行一系列的试验分析和研究，揭示了该地区非黄土类湿陷性土的工程特性。结论认为其湿陷性主要是由于环境地质作用破坏了初始的土—水—电解质平衡，使得土的结构、强度改变，并导致了湿陷性的产生。  相似文献   

Field measurements of shear strength of an underconsolidated marine clay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Moses Karakouzian  B. Bur  in Avar  Nick Hudyma  Jeffrey A. Moss 《Engineering Geology》2003,67(3-4):233-242

This paper presents the observations of cone penetration testing (CPT), in situ vane shear testing and undrained triaxial testing of underconsolidated marine clay in the Craney Island Dredged Material Management Area (CIDMMA), Norfolk, VA. Comparison of vane shear measurements, taken during 1981–1983, to CPT measurements, taken during 1993, indicates a change in undrained shear strength. Both the vane shear and cone penetration resistances are lowest at the mid-heights of the clay layers and the excess pore water pressures are highest at the mid-height of the clay layers, indicating that the clay layer is underconsolidated.  相似文献   

A Methodology for Reliability-Based Design of Rock Slopes   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

H. S. B. Duzgun  M. S. Yucemen  C. Karpuz 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2003,36(2):95-120

Summary A reliability-based methodology for the design of rock slopes, that can easily be implemented by the practicing engineers is proposed. The advanced first-order second-moment (AFOSM) method is adopted as the reliability assessment model and its application is illustrated for the case of plane failure. A model is developed within the framework of first-order second-moment approach to analyze the uncertainties underlying the in situ shear strength properties of rock discontinuities. Here, particular emphasis is given on the assessment of uncertainties related to the shear characteristics of clean, unfilled rock discontinuities under low normal stress levels. An extensive literature survey on the shear characteristics of discontinuities is carried out in order to collect data for the quantification of uncertainties. The data extracted from this literature survey are classified and reprocessed so that they can be utilized in the uncertainty analysis model. A user friendly software called ROCKREL is developed to carry out the numerical computations and to make the proposed design format more practical. Received April 16, 2001; accepted June 10, 2002; Published online November 19, 2002 Authors' address: Prof. Celal Karpuz, Middle East Technical University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mining Engineering, 06531 Ankara, Turkey; e-mail: karpuz @metu.edu.tr  相似文献