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51.
应用单体碳同位素分析技术探析农田土壤中多环芳烃的植物降解过程 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
长期以来,研究者在探讨土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的降解及修复过程中,缺乏简便有效的手段对化合物的降解动态进行定量研究。前人尝试用投加实验、对比采用降解措施前后污染物的浓度变化、模型计算等方法研究PAHs的降解过程,其结果常互相矛盾,或不能真实反映复杂的实际环境。本文应用单体碳同位素技术对农田土壤中多环芳烃的植物降解过程进行定量表征,采集了某地农田表土作为供试土壤,选择玉米作为供试作物,开展了作物对土壤中PAHs降解及消除过程的研究。气相色谱-质谱分析结果表明,培养所用的玉米原始土及分4批收集的空白土、根际土、非根际土样品中16种PAHs的浓度总和(∑PAHs)平均分别为380.8 ng/g、(281.5±34.7) ng/g、(272.2±11.6) ng/g和(299.8±37.9) ng/g;玉米生长期间,各土壤样品 的∑PAHs均比原始土壤有所下降,但除3环化合物(苊烯、苊、芴、菲、蒽)外,其他化合物并未随玉米的生长表现出显著趋势。与玉米根、叶倾向于富集低环PAHs化合物相对应,可以判断植物对土壤中的低环化合物去除作用最为显著。各采样时期玉米根际土、非根际土和空白土壤样品中多环芳烃单体化合物的碳同位素分馏值(δ13C)在-34.31‰~-23.95‰之间,且除芘外的其他化合物的δ13C值随时间呈现逐步变轻的趋势,波动值位于-0.6‰~-9.0‰之间;本文对于PAHs单体化合物,尤其是4、5环化合物,在玉米降解过程中的碳同位素分馏与浓度变化之间未发现明显关系。考虑3环以下的PAHs化合物更倾向于被降解和清除,且其碳、氢同位素分馏情况更容易被观察到,因此稳定同位素分析更有助于探明该类单体多环芳烃污染物在环境中的迁移、转化规律。 相似文献
52.
53.
山东金亭岭金矿矿床地球化学异常分带模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对山东金亭岭金矿各类微量元素和烃类组分在该矿床不同中段的含量变化以及在纵向上的异常展布和富集规律进行分析和总结,建立了该矿床的地球化学叠加异常分带理想模型,得出矿床地球化学异常轴向分带序列确定为:甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷、乙烯、丙烯、Sb(前缘晕)→As、Hg(矿头晕)→Au、Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu、Mn(矿中晕)→Co、Ni、Mo、Bi(矿尾晕),并总结了找矿预测标志,为其深部找矿预测提供了一定的科学借鉴依据。 相似文献
54.
伊拉克AHDEB油田油藏成藏规律对油田后期开发具有重要意义, 与埋藏史相结合的流体包裹体研究是揭示油藏油气成藏期次和时间的有效手段.利用伊拉克AHDEB油田白垩系油藏储层样品对流体包裹体特征进行了分析, 并且通过流体包裹体的显微观察、荧光颜色、单一包裹体的红外光谱和均一温度测定, 结合地质背景对该油田的油充注期次进行了研究.研究表明, 油包裹体以发绿色和黄绿色荧光为主, 少数发浅黄色和黄褐色荧光.油包裹体的显微傅立叶红外光谱测定结果计算的CH2a/CH3a、Xinc、Xstd可划分油的成熟度, 表明存在两种成熟度的油.最后, 根据均一温度测定结果, 结合埋藏史和热史, 认为该油田可能存在4期油充注成藏相关的流体活动: 第1成藏期发生在95.0~96.5Ma, 相当于晚白垩世早期; 第2成藏期为71.0~78.5Ma, 相当于晚白垩世晚期, 第1期和第2期烃源岩排烃规模小, 产生中-重质油, 后期遭受氧化而形成沥青; 第3成藏期发生在14.0~15.0Ma, 相当于中中新世, 处于生排烃高峰期, 为主要成藏期; 第4期发生在10.0Ma左右, 与第3期为多幕连续充注. 相似文献
55.
应用热重-质谱(TG-MS)联用技术对风化煤(WC)及其腐植酸提取后残渣(WCR)的热解行为进行了研究,分析了非烃类(H2、H2O、CO和CO2)、低碳烃类(CH4、C3H6和C3H7)和芳烃类(C6H6)的实验结果,并利用Coast-Redfern积分法对其热解和烃类生成动力学进行了探讨,获得了热解过程和烃类生成动力学参数。结果表明:热解过程中风化煤的质量损失率(38.9%)略大于其腐植酸提取后残渣(36.6%);除CO和CO2外,残渣中非烃类、低碳烃类和芳烃类产物的逸出量都稍微或显著多于风化煤中各类组分的逸出量。用Coast-Redfern积分法求得的动力学参数很好地解释了这一结果。 相似文献
56.
YANG Minghui LI Liang ZHOU Jin JIA Huichong SUN Xiao GONG Ting DING Chao 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(5):1636-1648
The hydrocarbon potential of the Hangjinqi area in the northern Ordos Basin is not well known, compared to the other areas of the basin, despite its substantial petroleum system.Restoration of a depth-converted seismic profile across the Hangjinqi Fault Zone(HFZ) in the eastern Hangjinqi area shows one compression that created anticlinal structures in the Late Triassic, and two extensions in ~Middle Jurassic and Late Early Cretaceous, which were interrupted by inversions in the Late Jurassic–Early Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous, respectively.Hydrocarbon generation at the well locations in the Central Ordos Basin(COB) began in the Late Triassic.Basin modeling of Well Zhao-4 suggests that hydrocarbon generation from the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian coal measures of the northern Shanbei Slope peaked in the Early Cretaceous, predating the inversion in the Late Cretaceous.Most source rocks in the Shanbei Slope passed the main gas-migration phase except for the Hangjinqi area source rocks(Well Jin-48).Hydrocarbons generated from the COB are likely to have migrated northward toward the anticlinal structures and traps along the HFZ because the basin-fill strata are dipping south.Faulting that continued during the extensional phase(Late Early Cretaceous) of the Hangjinqi area probably acted as conduits for the migration of hydrocarbons.Thus, the anticlinal structures and associated traps to the north of the HFZ might have trapped hydrocarbons that were charged from the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian coal measures in the COB since the Middle Jurassic. 相似文献
57.
As an in situ, simple and passive technology, Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) is becoming widely used in groundwater remediation. Based on its definition and development process, the development of PRB can be divided into two stages: The traditional zero-valent iron PRB before 2000 and the PRB composed of novel mixed media after 2000. With the rapid worsening of groundwater pollution, the increasing application of PRB and the rapid development of materials science, the development of PRB technology in future will be mainly focused on the investigation of mixed and novel media, the design of mixed PRBs, the combination of PRB technology with other remediation technology, and the long term monitoring and management of PRB projects. 相似文献
58.
We investigated the distribution of lipids in Lower Triassic sedimentary rocks (252–247 myr) from South China, including a shallow water microbialite in the uppermost section of the outcrop. Archaeal derived hydrocarbons were the major constituents of the microbialite from the latest Early Triassic. Among these, we detected (i) abundant C40 acyclic and monocyclic biphytanes (possibly derived from glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids) and their degradation products, C30–39 pseudohomologues and (ii) a C25 head-to-tail linked (regular) isoprenoid hydrocarbon [possibly derived from dialkyl glycerol diether lipids (DGDs)] and its degradation products, C21–24 pseudohomologues and abundant pristane and phytane. Through combination of compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis of isoprenoid hydrocarbons, which had average δ13C values of −35‰ to −30‰, and their molecular distribution, it was not possible to unambiguously define the archaeal source for the biphytanes in the microbialite. The δ13C values for pristane and phytane were similar to those for head-to-tail linked C21–25 isoprenoids; potential source organisms for these compounds were halophilic archaea. Except for methane seep microbialites, no other ancient or recent phototrophic microbialites have been reported to contain predominantly archaeal isoprenoid hydrocarbons. Our findings suggest the presence of a new type of microbialite. 相似文献
59.
From a determination of the transformation matrix for three pyrolysis product experimental data sets, an examination is given of both the applicability of the laboratory experimental data to the modeling of oil cracking in a sedimentary basin, and of the appropriateness of an inverse model. The results of the laboratory experimental data sets, which were done under different thermodynamic conditions and using different sources, show that the transformation matrix varies over each data set and also with time. Therefore, it is necessary to check the data sets before applying them to a basin for hydrocarbon modeling. The laboratory experimental data taken at lower temperature and over longer times appear more pertinent for the construction of an oil-cracking kinetic model suitable for geologic conditions. 相似文献
60.