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31.
数字高程模型(DEM)中的闭合洼地和平坦区域影响着流域排水网络的自动提取.目前已提出很多方法来处理这两种地形,但均针对已经形成的DEM单元网格进行处理,结果往往生成伪河道及平行河道.在回顾分析了这些方法存在的问题后,提出了一种新的处理方法,该法认为DEM中的闭合洼地和平坦区域是由于低质量的资料输入、生成DEM时的内插误差等引起的.通过增加输入地形高程信息,避免了DEM中平坦区域和闭合洼地的生成,从而使由DEM生成的河网与实际河网能够精确拟合.实例分析表明,该方法效果明显. 相似文献
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东半球500hPa闭合低压系统的统计分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过分析500hPa东半球闭合低压系统,研究其气候规律。低压活动次数有年际、月际、季际变化。低压活动于中高纬度带,主要集中于两大地区,第一区是西太平洋及大陆东岸,第二区是东欧地区。第一区中心夏季向西移到大陆上,强度增大,对中国气候有重要作用。低压中心高度值的频数分布是双峰型。低压生命期比阻塞高压还长些。强低压主要出现在大陆高纬地带和西太平洋。强发展的低压多数出现在西太平洋。亚洲低压移动路径有两条,一条从西西伯利亚北部到库页岛,一条从咸海东移到库页岛 相似文献
35.
Acid mine drainage (AMD) occurs when sulfide minerals are exposed to an oxidizing environment. Most of the methods for preventing
AMD are either short-term or high cost solutions. Coating with iron phosphate is a new technology for the abatement of AMD.
It involves treating the sulfide with a coating solution composed of H2O2, KH2PO4, and sodium acetate as a buffer agent. The H2O2 oxidizes the sulfide surface and produces Fe3+ so that iron phosphate precipitates as a coating on the sulfide surface. Experiments performed under laboratory conditions
prove that an iron phosphate coating can be established on pyrrhotite surfaces with optimal concentrations of the coating
solution in the range of: 0.2M/0.01M H2O2, 0.2M KH2PO4, and 0.2M sodium acetate NaAc, depending on the experimental scale. Iron phosphate coating may be a long-term solution to
the problem of AMD. The method would be easy to implement; the reagent cost, however, is not low enough, although it is lower
than the conventional treatment with lime.
Received: 30 March 1995 · Accepted: 6 September 1995 相似文献
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The focus of this research was to determine if abandoned mines constitute a major environmental hazard in the Black Hills. Many abandoned gold mines in the Black Hills contribute acid and heavy metals to streams. In some areas of sulfide mineralization local impacts are severe, but in most areas the impacts are small because most ore deposits consist of small quartz veins with few sulfides. Pegmatite mines appear to have negligible effects on water due to the insoluble nature of pegmatite minerals. Uranium mines in the southern Black Hills contribute some radioactivity to surface water, but the impact is limited because of the dry climate and lack of runoff in that area. 相似文献
38.
N. F. Gray 《Environmental Geology》1996,27(4):358-361
Both sulfate and conductivity are useful indicators of acid mine drainage (AMD) contamination. Unlike pH, they are both extremely sensitive to AMD even where large dilutions have occurred. The advantage of using sulfate to trace AMD is that unlike other ions it is not removed to any great extent by sorption or precipitation processes, being unaffected by fluctuations in pH. These two parameters are also closely associated as would be expected, as conductivity is especially sensitive to sulfate ions. Therefore, as sulfate analysis is difficult in the field, conductivity can be used to predict sulfate concentration in both AMD and contaminated surface waters using regression analysis. Most accurate predictions are achieved by using equations given for specific conductivity ranges or AMD sources. There is also potential to use conductivity to predict approximate concentrations of key metals when the pH of the water is within their respective solubility ranges. 相似文献
39.
Heavy metal retention in secondary precipitates from a mine rock dump and underlying soil, Dalarna, Sweden 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
This study investigates the retention of heavy metals in secondary precipitates from a sulfidic mine rock dump and underlying
podzolic soils by means of mineralogical and chemical extraction methods. The rock dump, which is at least 50 years old, consists
of a 5–10-cm-thick leached zone and an underlying 110–115-cm-thick accumulation zone. Optical microscopy and electron microprobe
analyses confirm that pyrrhotite weathering has proceeded much further in the leached horizon relative to the accumulation
horizon. The weathering of sulfides in the leached zone has resulted in the migration of most heavy metals to the accumulation
zone or underlying soils, where they are retained in more stable phases such as secondary ferric minerals, including goethite
and jarosite. Some metals are temporarily retained in hydrated ferrous sulfates (e.g., melanterite, rozenite).
Received: 28 October 1996 · Accepted: 24 February 1997 相似文献
40.
Geochemical modeling of coal mine drainage, Summit County, Ohio 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
A. Foos 《Environmental Geology》1997,31(3-4):205-210
Geochemical modeling was used to investigate downstream changes in coal mine drainage at Silver Creek Metro-park, Summit
County, Ohio. A simple mixing model identified the components that are undergoing conservative transport (Cl–, PO4
3–, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ and Na+) and those undergoing reactive transport (DO, HCO3
–, SO4
2–, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Si). Fe2+ is removed by precipitation of amorphous iron-hydroxide. Mn2+ are removed along with Fe2+ by adsorption onto surfaces of iron-hydroxides. DO increases downstream due to absorption from the atmosphere. The HCO3
– concentration increases downstream as a result of oxidation of organic material. The rate of Fe2+ removal from the mine drainage was estimated from the linear relationship between Fe+2 concentration and downstream distance to be 0.126 mg/s. Results of this study can be used to improve the design of aerobic
wetlands used to treat acid mine drainage.
Received: 4 June 1996 · Accepted: 17 September 1996 相似文献