硅酸盐体系的化学平衡:(3)反应动力学     

马鸿文  戚洪彬  王蕾  聂轶苗  靳昕  王英滨  苏双青 《现代地质》2006,20(4):647-656

通过具体实例,简要介绍了矿物材料学研究中有关反应动力学研究的基本原理,给出了对硅酸盐体系若干典型过程的反应动力学研究结果,包括:(1)高铝粉煤灰-Na2CO3体系的中温烧结反应和钾长石-石膏-碳酸钙体系钾长石的热分解反应;(2)KA lS i3O8-Ca(OH)2-H2O体系钾长石水热分解-雪硅钙石晶化反应;(3)S iO2-A l2O3-CaO体系微晶玻璃的β硅灰石晶化反应;(4)13X微孔分子筛和MCM-41介孔分子筛对Hg2+的吸附反应。反应动力学研究成果可望对矿物材料制备实验方案优化、工业生产过程的条件控制以及改进矿物材料性能提供理论指导。  相似文献   

非平衡吸附模型在研究渗滤液对土壤污染影响中的应用     

陈记文  薛强  刘磊  赵颖 《岩土力学》2006,27(12):2186-2190

分析了有机污染物在土壤中的迁移转化机理，建立了非平衡吸附作用下渗滤液中有机污染物在土壤中迁移转化的动力学模型，给出了模型的数值解法，模拟出渗滤液在非平衡吸附作用下的污染过程；同时还探讨了模型参数降雨量p，垃圾土土层的厚度h，含水率θ等对有机污染物运移的影响。结果表明：在总的污染源一定的情况下，降雨量的增大和污染土层厚度的增大会使得下层土壤中有机物的浓度降低，为定量研究有机污染物在土壤-水环境系统中分配与归宿提供理论依据，同时也可为监测、治理和恢复地下水污染提供一定的科学根据。  相似文献   

凹凸棒石吸附铅的性能及含铅废水处理研究     

宋金如  罗明标  王黎 《华东地质学院学报》2006,29(1):74-79

采用经活化处理的凹凸棒石粘土,用静态法研究了凹凸棒石粘土吸附铅的吸附酸度、吸附速率、吸附温度和吸附反应热焓以及吸附容量等性能。通过大量实验确定了凹凸棒石粘土吸附铅的最佳条件,并用静态法和交换柱法处理了不同浓度的模拟含铅废水。结果表明,两种不同方法处理效果基本一致,铅的去除率在99%以上,排放液中铅的残余浓度均小于1 mg/L,达到了国家排放标准。选用凹凸棒石粘土对铅、铬、镉等重金属离子的吸附选择性实验,以期为环境污染的控制和治理,提供实验依据。  相似文献   

Dew formation and water vapor adsorption in semi-arid environments—A review     

N. Agam  P.R. Berliner 《Journal of Arid Environments》2006,65(4):572-590

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Effective dispersion in a chemically heterogeneous medium under temporally fluctuating flow conditions     

Vanessa Zavala-Sanchez  Marco Dentz  Xavier Sanchez-Vila 《Advances in water resources》2007

We investigate effective solute transport in a chemically heterogeneous medium subject to temporal fluctuations of the flow conditions. Focusing on spatial variations in the equilibrium adsorption properties, the corresponding fluctuating retardation factor is modeled as a stationary random space function. The temporal variability of the flow is represented by a stationary temporal random process. Solute spreading is quantified by effective dispersion coefficients, which are derived from the ensemble average of the second centered moments of the normalized solute distribution in a single disorder realization. Using first-order expansions in the variances of the respective random fields, we derive explicit compact expressions for the time behavior of the disorder induced contributions to the effective dispersion coefficients. Focusing on the contributions due to chemical heterogeneity and temporal fluctuations, we find enhanced transverse spreading characterized by a transverse effective dispersion coefficient that, in contrast to transport in steady flow fields, evolves to a disorder-induced macroscopic value (i.e., independent of local dispersion). At the same time, the asymptotic longitudinal dispersion coefficient can decrease. Under certain conditions the contribution to the longitudinal effective dispersion coefficient shows superdiffusive behavior, similar to that observed for transport in s stratified porous medium, before it decreases to its asymptotic value. The presented compact and easy to use expressions for the longitudinal and transverse effective dispersion coefficients can be used for the quantification of effective spreading and mixing in the context of the groundwater remediation based on hydraulic manipulation and for the effective modeling of reactive transport in heterogeneous media in general.  相似文献   

REE Mineralization of Weathered Crust and Clay Sediment on Granitic Rocks in the Sanyo Belt,SW Japan and the Southern Jiangxi Province,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hiroyasu Murakami  Shunso Ishihara 《Resource Geology》2008,58(4):373-401

Rare earth element (REE) geochemistry and mineralogy have been studied in the weathered crusts derived from the Early Yanshanian (Jurassic) biotite granites of Dabu and Dingnan, as well as in the Indosinian (Permian) muscovite–biotite granite of Aigao in southern Jiangxi province, China, and the weathered crusts and clay sediments on biotite granites in the Sanyo belt, SW Japan, that is, Okayama, Tanakami, and Naegi areas. In all of the weathered crusts, biotite and plagioclase commonly tend to decrease toward the upper part of the profile, whereas kaolinite and residual quartz and K‐feldspar increase. The weathered crusts of the Dingnan granites and some Naegi granites, which are characterized by the enrichment in light REE (LREE) in C horizons, have higher total REE (ΣREE) content than the parent REE‐enriched granites. Weathering of LREE‐bearing apatite and fluorocarbonates in the Dingnan granites and allanite and apatite in some Naegi granites may account for the leaching of LREE at the B horizons. The leached LREE must result in subsequent enrichment of LREE in the C horizons. The enrichment is probably associated with mainly adsorption onto kaolinite and partly formation of possible secondary LREE‐bearing minerals. In Japan it was found that REE mineralization occurs not in the weathered granitic crusts but in reworked clay sediments, especially kaolinite‐rich layers, derived mainly from the weathering materials of REE‐enriched granitic rocks. The clay sediments are more enriched in LREE, which likely adsorbed onto kaolinite. Concentration of heavy REE within almost all the weathered crusts and clay sediments, however, may reflect mainly residual REE‐bearing minerals such as zircon, which originated in the parent granitic rocks. The findings of the present study support the three processes for fractionation of the REE during weathering: (i) selective leaching of rocks containing both stable and unstable REE‐bearing minerals; (ii) adsorption onto clay minerals; and (iii) presence of possible secondary LREE‐bearing minerals.  相似文献   

活性炭测量系统的最佳条件选择和影响因素     

梁锦华  袁兆熊  张祖良 《铀矿地质》1985,(5)

活性灰吸附器测氡法在铀矿勘探中得到了较广泛的应用。作者根据实验室内活性炭吸附器测氡的试验结果,选择了测量系统中装置参数的最佳条件,包括吸附剂类型,干燥剂的性质,吸附系统的灵敏度,吸附器的埋置时间,装置的容积、吸附容量与氧浓度的关系。另外,还研究了活性炭的解吸温度和时间以及温度对活性炭吸附能力的影响。文中详细给出了实验数据。  相似文献   

可溶性有机碳在米槠天然林土壤中的淋溶特征     

熊丽  杨玉盛  王巧珍  杨智杰  黄惠  司友涛 《福建地理》2014,(1):46-52

以中亚热带米槠天然林为研究对象,通过挖剖面法,按0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm、30~40 cm、40~50 cm、50~60 cm、60~70 cm、70~80 cm、80~90 cm、90~100 cm分层采集原状土柱,并用米槠叶片制备的可溶性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)溶液进行逐层淋溶试验,以阐明DOC在米槠天然林土壤中的淋溶特征。结果表明,在淋溶过程中DOC浓度逐渐下降,DOC最大截留量出现在50~60 cm土层,而且60~100 cm各土层的截留量要小于0~60 cm各土层。淋溶过程中DOC的芳香性和腐殖化程度随土层深度均逐渐下降。红外光谱表明,DOC溶液在土壤淋溶过程中,芳香类、羧酸类等大分子物质会被优先吸附,并且通过0~30 cm土层时土壤中的醇类、酚类小分子物质会发生解吸附,DOC在30~100 cm土层中淋溶时小分子物质的比例明显增加。说明DOC在土壤淋溶过程中会优先吸附芳香化合物和大分子物质,到达底层土壤的DOC溶液中小分子物质所占比例增加,因此DOC对土壤的亲和力降低,减少了土壤的截留量,表明DOC本身的化学性质要比土壤的理化性质更能影响其吸附行为。  相似文献   

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Crystal Violet from Natural Seawater coupled with High- Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination     

《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,(2):236-242

Molecularly imprinted polymers （MIPs） were prepared by the bulk polymerization using crystal violet as the template molecule, and the methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimetheacrylate as functional monomer and cross-linker, respectively. Sys- tematic investigations of synthetic conditions were conducted. The surface morphology and recognition mechanism of the obtained polymers were studied using scanning electron microscope and spectrophotometric analysis. MIPs showed high atTmity to template molecule and were successfully applied as special solid-phase extraction sorbent for selective extraction of crystal violet from natural seawater. An off-line molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction （MISPE） method followed by high-performance liquid chroma- tography with diodearray detection for the analysis of crystal violet was also established. MISPE columns have good recoveries for crystal violet standard solutions and good linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 0-200 ~tg L-1 （R2 〉 0.99）. Finally, two natural seawater samples were investigated. The recoveries of spiked seawater on the MISPE columns were from 44.47% to 62.34%, the relative standard deviation （n=3） being in the range of 2.89%-5.96%.  相似文献   

广东禾尚田矿区新类型风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿的发现及意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄华谷 《地质与勘探》2014,50(5):893-901

在广东禾尚田矿区,通过地表和钻孔岩芯样品的野外硫酸铵浸泡-草酸点滴试验、化学分析、稀土（REE）配分分析、稀土浸取率测定等工作,首次发现了灰岩风化壳中存在离子吸附型富铕稀土工业矿床。稀土矿与坡残积钨锡矿、铷矿共伴生,并伴生锂、镓和铯等元素,具有中稀土富集和高浸取率的特点,是离子吸附型稀土矿的新类型。它的发现将对离子吸附型稀土矿床勘查产生深远的影响,大大拓展找矿思路和对象;并说明了在一个矿田或一个矿区内寻找新的矿种、新的矿床类型、新的含矿层位的重要性。通过成矿地质条件分析,作者认为矿区西部找矿前景甚佳,禾尚田矿区将成为一个集有色、稀有、稀土、贵金属矿产的多矿种、多矿床类型、多含矿层位的矿区。  相似文献