考虑软弱夹层厚度的岩体力学响应及破坏特征研究     

赵宏刚  张东明  蒋长宝  余北辰 《岩土力学》2022,43(4):969-980

作为一种典型的地质结构,软弱夹层与硬脆性岩体共同形成了围岩层状复合结构,进而显著影响着隧洞围岩的稳定。以往对含软弱夹层的复合岩石的研究多集中于单轴、双轴或常规三轴,对隧洞临空面处真三轴应力路径下的复合围岩力学性质和破坏特征缺乏分析讨论。通过制作的含不同厚度的软弱夹层复合岩样,探讨了软弱夹层厚度对隧洞临空面围岩力学响应和破坏特征的影响。研究表明：软弱夹层厚度显著影响着复合岩样峰值应力和应变,随着厚度的增大,软弱夹层上方岩块向临空面方向的滑移变形逐渐增大,软弱夹层压缩变形逐渐减小;复合岩样靠近临空面的岩石单元破坏模式随着软弱夹层厚度的增大逐渐由拉剪混合破坏转变为张拉破坏,且宏观裂隙数量和破坏范围均逐渐减小,而远离临空面的岩石单元则由剪切破坏逐渐转变为基本无损伤断裂;不同厚度的隧洞侧帮复合围岩的破坏区域均集中在软弱夹层及其上方围岩处,软弱夹层下方围岩则基本保持稳定;在应力分布方面,软弱夹层厚度越大,最大压应力越向深部软弱夹层处转移,而拉应力区分布范围越小,但拉应力区深度越大。  相似文献   

旋转冲击钻井工具在塔河油田12区块应用效果分析          下载免费PDF全文

王利中  王凤春 《探矿工程》2015,42(11):54-57

简述了旋转冲击钻井工具的特点以及使用原理,其较以往其它提速工具不同之处是结合了机械冲击和水力脉冲破岩两方面的破岩能力。重点分析了该工具在塔河油田12区块使用后的提速提效对比情况以及不同地层的提速情况。目前该工具已经在塔河油田12区块多口井进行了使用,都取得了明显的效果,最低提速为25%,最高提速近45%。分析认为,该工具对于12区块哈拉哈塘组地层而言,提速效果不很理想;对于使用常规“PDC+螺杆”钻具组合可钻性较差,机械钻速不高的井段和地层钻速提高明显,原来钻速较低的井段,钻速提高越快,比如卡拉沙依组和东河塘组地层钻速提高明显很多,最高达到60%以上,一般也在30%以上;同时使用该提速工具后,钻时变得逐步均匀,每米钻时驱于平均,钻头的破岩能力均向化。  相似文献   

GIS-based sustainable city compactness assessment using integration of MCDM,Bayes theorem and RADAR technology   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Saleh Abdullahi  Mustafa Neamah Jebur 《国际地球制图》2015,30(4):365-387

In recent decades, compact urban development and smart cities are recognised as most sustainable urban form in an effort to protect natural environment. Therefore, evaluation of existing compactness and sustainability of an area is an essential task before the real development takes place. In the literature, it is possible to see some studies on city’s compactness assessment and most of them have considered only a few aspects of compact development analysis. This paper aims to analyse urban sustainability of Kajang city (Malaysia) through a comprehensive city compactness assessment using geographical information system and radar remote sensing technology. To measure building density, a RADAR image of the study area was used to extract built-up areas with the aid of pixel-based and object-based classification schemes. Mixed land use development, urban density and intensity were the main indicators of the analysis. Finally, multicriteria decision-making and Bayes theorems were applied for overall compactness assessment. Building density analysis was validated using standard confusion matrix, which showed more than 90% accuracy. Similarly, the root-mean squared error showed 0.35 for object-based classification. The results classified the zones of the Kajang city in the range of least to most compact zones with the compactness value of 0.00273–0.0146, respectively. The results obtained in this study can help local government to improve the compactness of least compact zones to make Kajang city more sustainable. Furthermore, the results revealed that efficient public transportation and proper community facilities are the key factors to achieve sustainable urban development.  相似文献   

The Basement Structure and its Genetic Mechanism of Sichuan Basin,China     

LI Hongkui  LI Zhongquan  HONG Haitao  YANG Yuanyu 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):558-558

  相似文献   

苏里格气田东二区砂岩成岩作用与致密储层成因   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨仁超  王秀平  樊爱萍  韩作振  赵娟  王言龙 《沉积学报》2012,30(1):111-119

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田东二区主力气层储层岩性致密,成为制约该区天然气勘探开发的主要因素。为了查明储层物性变差的主要原因,利用砂岩薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析等实验手段,深入研究了对苏里格气田东二区主力气层二叠系山西组山1段、石盒子组盒8段储层砂体的岩石学特征与成岩作用。研究发现,储层砂体以岩屑砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩为主,砂岩成熟度较低;研究区砂岩成岩作用主要有压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用和交代作用。结论认为:成岩作用达到中成岩阶段B期;早成岩的压实作用是孔隙度降低的主要原因之一;中成岩期A期在酸性介质条件下由溶蚀作用形成的次生孔隙对砂岩的储集性能具有明显的改善作用;中成岩B期的胶结作用是储层物性变差的最主要原因。  相似文献   

Implementation of a high-order combined compact difference scheme in problems of thermally driven convection and dynamo in rotating spherical shells     

Futoshi Takahashi 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(3):231-249

We present an improved solution method for modeling thermally driven convection and dynamo in a rotating spherical shell. In this method, we introduce a high-order three-point combined compact difference scheme (CCDS) on non-uniform grid points in radius, while spherical harmonic expansion is conventionally performed in the angular direction. The governing equations in the spectral form are time-stepped together with the implicit CCDS up to the second derivative. To improve stability of the scheme, a boundary closure scheme is developed on non-uniform mesh. Numerical comparison with a published benchmark solution at moderate Ekman and Rayleigh numbers demonstrates that accuracy and convergence of the CCDS is fairly good and superior to the existing finite difference scheme using more stencil. With this scheme, we could more accurately solve problems of convection and also dynamo action in planetary core with less grid points.  相似文献   

Refractive Focusing by Interstellar Clouds and the Rapid Polarization Angle Swing in QSO 1150＋812     

G. Cimò 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2006,6(1):1-14

A very rapid polarization position angle swing of～180°(with a time scale of～6 hours)observed at 2cm in QSO 1150+812(z=1.25)was reported by Kochenov & Gabuzda.This very rare event is difficult to explain.We found a pos- sible interpretation in the framework of a source model consisting of three polarized components,in which two compact polarized components are nearly simultaneously occulted by an interstellar cloud,with consequent focusing-defocusing effects.A spe- cific plasma-lens model is proposed which can reasonably fit the polarized flux density curve with results derived for the two lensed components.Some physical parameters of the plasma-lens and the source components are estimated.The two compact po- larized components are estimated to have brightness temperatures of～6×10~(12)K. Thus a bulk relativistic motion with a Lorentz factor less than 10 is required to meet the inverse-Compton limit.  相似文献   

深海取样绞车牵引卷筒上钢缆张力分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

翟庆光  聂杰  康岳伟 《海洋技术学报》2008,27(2):28-30

文中根据深海取样绞车的钢缆和牵引卷筒之间力的关系,利用微积分学原理,对钢缆在牵引卷筒上的张力变化进行了分析,建立了钢缆张力、钢缆与卷筒间的摩擦系数、钢缆在卷筒上的包角等参数之间的关系式,并通过实例对该关系式进行了验证。  相似文献   

热压铁基孕镶金刚石钻头的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

李子章  邓伟  杨凯华 《探矿工程》2008,35(7):94-96

针对在坚硬致密岩石中钻进时效低和钻头使用寿命短的技术难题,分析了热压钻头的金刚石出刃与岩石研磨性等岩性之间的内在联系,认为钻头的胎体成分及其性能是关键,硬而带脆性的胎体性能有利于金刚石出刃,从而能提高钻进速度。因此,从热压金刚石钻头的胎体成分与性能研究入手,经过反复的试验研究,试制出了热压铁基孕镶金刚石钻头,取得了突破性的进展。在坚硬致密岩层中钻进,钻进时效由0.5 m左右提高到1.17 m,钻头寿命由10 m左右提高到21.31 m,解决了在坚硬致密岩层中钻进难的问题。试验研究结果说明,铁基合金是一种新型的金刚石钻头胎体材料,热压铁基孕镶人造金刚石钻头是一种新类型的金刚石钻头。  相似文献   

基于RS和GIS的哈尔滨市城市空间扩展研究     

金明一 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(11)

准确掌握城市空间发展情况及过程,判别城市空间发展的趋势,为城市整体发展制订合理规划有重要的现实意义。本文选取1995~2015年间4个时段的影像数据,提取不同时间段的城市空间范围,利用GIS空间分析技术对哈尔滨市城市空间扩展情况进行监测。分析结果显示,哈尔滨城市空间较为离散,主城区面积逐年增加,年均增长保持在10%以上,2005年后增速明显加快,2015年城区范围趋于稳定。  相似文献