Use of coupled finite element analysis in unsaturated soil problems     

A. K. L. Ng  J. C. Small 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2000,24(1):73-94

This paper presents a variation of Biot's consolidation theory for analysing problems involving unsaturated soils, and implemented using the finite element method. The numerical method is applied to a few geotechnical problems as examples and the results obtained are compared to some published data. The illustrative examples show how the numerical method can be used to analyse seepage and consolidation problems associated with unsaturated soils and demonstrate the flexibility and applicability of the presented method. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

四种处理方法下盐碱池塘底泥N,P的吸附与释放     

申屠青春  董双林 《海洋湖沼通报》1998,(4):54-61

本文科用五个ClNaⅡ水型低洼盐碱地池塘的底泥和水样,测定了底泥、间隙水和池水中的N、P营养盐含量,并设定NaHCO34mmol／L加搅拌、CaCl22mmol／L加搅拌、NaHCO34mmol／L+CaCl22mmol／L加搅拌、搅拌等四种处理方法及对照,研究了四种处理方法对于促进盐碱池塘底泥营养盐的释放的作用。实验结果表明：四种处理方法都明显地促使底泥释放NH4－N、PO4－P,同时使水体中的NO3－N、NO2－N浓度减少,但都未达到显著程度（P＞0．05）,这说明加入的试剂并未显著增加盐碱池塘底泥营养盐的释放。在本实验的处理方法下,底泥对NH4－N、PO4－P的吸附与释放与底泥中NH4－N、PO4－P的含量有密切关系。  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地奈曼旗普通风砂土中的粘土矿物     

韩广  张桂芳  李节通 《中国沙漠》1998,18(1):27-31

通过对科尔沁沙地奈曼旗普通风砂土中粘土矿物的研究,结果表明这类土壤中的粘土矿物主要是伊利石,其次为高岭石、绿泥石、伊利石-蒙脱石混层矿物;它们主要来源于母质,其次来自成土过程,降尘输入量极有限。随成土过程不断进行,粘土矿物主要遵循铝硅酸盐矿物→绿泥石→绿泥石-蒙脱石→蒙脱石顺序演变。由于母质本身贫乏、成土过程较弱以及比重差异使蒙脱石有独特的搬运与沉降行为,共同造成土壤中缺乏蒙脱石。  相似文献   

Culturable bacterial diversity in hypolithic and peripheral soils in the west of the Hexi Corridor desert and its influencing factors     

LiFang He  ShiWeng Li  GaoSen Zhang  XiuKun Wu  BingLin Zhang  Wei Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2020,(1):47-58

Microbes inhabiting the desert respond sensitively to environmental changes and may be an indicator for changes in the desert ecosystem.Hypolithic microbial communities in the desert play a vital role in ecosystem processes such as soil formation and organic matter accumulation.This study investigated and compared the culturable bacterial community structure and diversity in hypolithic and peripheral soils,and the interaction between bacteria and environmental factors.The bacteria were isolated using four different kinds of media and identified by 16S rRNA gene-sequence analysis.The numbers of culturable bacteria in the hypolithic and peripheral soils ranged from 3.0×104 to 3.6×105 CFU/g and from 6.5×104 to 5.3×105 CFU/g,respectively,indicating that the bacteria number in peripheral soil was higher than that in hypolithic soil.A total of 98 species belonging to 34 genera were identified,among which Arthrobacter,Bacillus,and Streptomyces were found dominantly and widely distributed.The community of culturable bacteria had obvious sample specificity,and the diversity in hypolithic soil was higher than that in peripheral soil.On the regional scale,the distribution of culturable bacteria and the environmental factors showed regular changes.On the local scale,the high heterogeneity of the hypolithic environment determined the specificity of the number and species of culturable bacteria.  相似文献   

Vertical spatial correlation length based on standard penetration tests     

Emir Ahmet Oguz  D. V. Griffiths 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2019,37(1):45-56

The spatial correlation length (SCL), or the scale of fluctuation, is a parameter for describing the spatial variability of soil and one of the important parameters used in random field theory. Studies reporting the spatial correlation length based on real field data of offshore/nearshore sea bottom soils are rather limited in the literature, so in this study, the vertical spatial correlation length is determined using site investigation data from two sites of the southern coast of Turkey. Based on quite extensive data, the vertical spatial correlation length is estimated using four different autocovariance functions. The values are within typical ranges reported in the literature for similar soil groups, both onshore and offshore. It is also noted that the widely-used exponential function almost always gives the lowest value of spatial correlation length. The results of this study add to the database of spatial correlation lengths based on real data and could be useful for future studies on reliability assessment of offshore foundations using random finite element method.  相似文献   

An evolutionary approach to modelling the thermomechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils          下载免费PDF全文

Alireza Ahangar‐Asr  Akbar A. Javadi  Nasser Khalili 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2015,39(5):539-557

A new data‐mining approach is presented for modelling of the stress–strain and volume change behaviour of unsaturated soils considering temperature effects. The proposed approach is based on the evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR), which unlike some other data‐mining techniques, generates a transparent and structured representation of the behaviour of systems directly from raw experimental (or field) data. The proposed methodology can operate on large quantities of data in order to capture nonlinear and complex relationships between contributing variables. The developed models allow the user to gain a clear insight into the behaviour of the system. Unsaturated triaxial test data from the literature were used for development and verification of EPR models. The developed models were also used (in a coupled manner) to produce the entire stress path of triaxial tests. Comparison of the EPR model predictions with the experimental data revealed the robustness and capability of the proposed methodology in capturing and reproducing the constitutive thermomechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils. More importantly, the capability of the developed models in accurately generalizing the predictions to unseen data cases was illustrated. The results of a sensitivity analysis showed that the models developed from data are able to capture and represent the physical aspects of the unsaturated soil behaviour accurately. The merits and advantages of the proposed methodology are also discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Nondimensional sediment transport capacity of sand soils and its response to parameter in the Loess Plateau of China     

Pu Li  Kuandi Zhang  Jingwen Wang  He Meng 《水文研究》2020,34(3):823-835

Soil erosion is a major contributor to land degradation in the Loess Plateau in China. To clarify the sediment transport capacity of overland flow influenced by hydraulic parameters, such as shear stress, sand shear stress (hydraulic gradient partition method and hydraulic radius partition method), mean flow velocity, Froude number, stream power, and unit stream power, indoor experiments with eight-unit-width flow discharges from 0.0667 × 10⁻³ to 0.3333 × 10⁻³ m²·s⁻¹, six slope gradients from 3.49 to 20.79%, and two kinds of sand soils (d₅₀ = 0.17 and 0.53 mm) were systematically investigated. A nondimensional method was adopted in data processing. Results showed that there was a partition phenomenon of relation curves because of the different median grain diameters. The correlation between the nondimensional stream power and nondimensional sediment transport capacity was the highest, followed by the correlation between the nondimensional unit stream power and nondimensional sediment transport capacity. However, there was a poor correlation between the flow intensity indices of velocity category and nondimensional sediment transport capacity. Nondimensional stream power, nondimensional unit stream power, and nondimensional shear stress could predict sediment transport capacity well. Ignoring the partition phenomenon of the relation curves, stream power could be used to predict sediment transport capacity, with a coefficient of determination of .85. Furthermore, a general flow intensity index was obtained to predict sediment transport capacity of overland flow. Finally, an empirical formula for predicting sediment transport capacity with a coefficient of determination of .90 was established by multiple regression analyses based on the general flow intensity index. During the analysis between measured sediment transport capacities in present study and predicted values based on Zhang model, Mahmoodabadi model, and Wu model, it was found that these three models could not accurately predict sediment transport capacities of this study because different models are estimated on the basis of different experimental conditions.  相似文献   

A fully coupled elastic–plastic hydromechanical model for compacted soils accounting for clay activity     

Gabriele Della Vecchia  Enrique Romero 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(5):503-535

A constitutive model, accounting for multiphase and multiscale coupling, is proposed for the water retention domain and the stress–strain response of compacted clayey soils. The model is based on a conceptual interpretation of the microfabric evolution of compacted soils along generalised hydromechanical paths, detected by means of mercury intrusion porosimeter tests. Multiphase coupling is provided by the mutual interaction between the mechanical and the hydraulic states. Multiscale coupling is introduced by a measure of the size of the aggregates, which influences both the retention and the stress–strain response, in the phenomenological constitutive equations. Model capabilities are verified by comparison with relevant experimental data from laboratory tests on compacted Boom clay and other selected experimental data on different compacted clayey soils. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analysis of pile‐raft foundations under complex loads in layered soils     

Linlong Mu  Maosong Huang  Kenan Lian 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(3):256-280

Considering there is hardly any concerted effort to analyze the pile‐raft foundations under complex loads (combined with vertical loads, horizontal loads and moments), an analysis method is proposed in this paper to estimate the responses of pile‐raft foundations which are subjected to vertical loads, horizontal loads and moments in layered soils based on solutions for stresses and displacements in layered elastic half space. Pile to pile, pile to soil surface, soil surface to pile and soil surface to soil surface interactions are key ingredients for calculating the responses of pile‐raft foundations accurately. Those interactions are fully taken into account to estimate the responses of pile‐raft foundations subject to vertical loads, horizontal loads and moments in layered soils. The constraints of the raft on vertical movements, horizontal movements and rotations of the piles as well as the constraints of the raft on vertical movements and horizontal movements of the soils are considered to reflect the coupled effect on the raft. The method is verified through comparisons with the published methods and FEM. Then, the method is adopted to investigate the influence of soil stratigraphy on pile responses. The study shows that it is necessary to consider the soil non‐homogeneity when estimating the responses of pile‐raft foundations in layered soils, especially when estimating the horizontal responses of pile‐raft foundations. The horizontal loads and the moments have a significant impact on vertical responses of piles in pile‐raft foundations, while vertical loads have little influence on horizontal responses of piles in pile‐raft foundations in the cases of small deformations. The proposed method can provide a simple and useful tool for engineering design. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A quasistatic analysis of a plate on consolidating layered soils by analytical layer‐element/finite element method coupling     

Zhi Yong Ai  Yi Chong Cheng  Guo Jun Cao 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(13):1362-1380

In this paper, a coupling method between finite element and analytical layer‐elements is utilized to analyze the time‐dependent behavior of a plate of any shape and finite rigidity resting on layered saturated soils. Based on the integral transform techniques together with the aid of an order reduction method, an analytical layer‐element solution is derived from the governing equations for three‐dimensional Biot consolidation with respect to a Cartesian coordinate system and then extended to be the fundamental solution for the layered saturated soil under a point load. The Mindlin plate is modeled by eight‐noded isoparametric elements. The governing equations of the interaction between soil and plate in the Laplace‐Fourier transformed domain are deduced by referring to the coupling theory of FEM/BEM, and the final solution is obtained by applying numerical inversion. Numerical examples concerned with the time‐dependent response of a plate are performed to demonstrate the influence of soil and plate properties on the interaction process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献