Precession‐scale cyclicity in the fluvial lower Eocene Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin,Wyoming (USA)     

Hemmo A. Abels  Mary J. Kraus  Philip D. Gingerich 《Sedimentology》2013,60(6):1467-1483

Little is known about controls on river avulsion at geological time scales longer than 10⁴ years, primarily because it is difficult to link observed changes in alluvial architecture to well‐defined allogenic mechanisms and to disentangle allogenic from autogenic processes. Recognition of Milankovitch‐sale orbital forcing in alluvial stratigraphy would provide unprecedented age control in terrestrial deposits, and also exploit models of allogenic forcing enabling more rigorous testing of allocyclic and autocyclic controls. The Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin is a lower Eocene fluvial unit distinctive for its thick sequence of laterally extensive lithological cycles on a scale of 4 to 10 m. Intervals of red palaeosols that formed on overbank mudstones are related to periods of relative channel stability when gradients between channel belts and floodplains were low. The intervening drab, heterolithic intervals with weak palaeosol development are attributed to episodes of channel avulsion that occurred when channels became super‐elevated above the floodplain. In the Deer Creek Amphitheater section in the McCullough Peaks area, these overbank and avulsion deposits alternate with a dominant cycle thickness of ca 7·1 m. Using integrated stratigraphic age constraints, this cyclicity has an estimated period of ca 21·6 kyr, which is in the range of the period of precession climate cycles in the early Eocene. Previous analyses of three older and younger sections in the Bighorn Basin showed a similar 7 to 8 m spacing of red palaeosol clusters with an estimated duration close to the precession period. Intervals of floodplain stability alternating with episodes of large‐scale reorganization of the fluvial system could be entirely autogenic; however, the remarkable regularity and the match in time scales documented here indicate that these alternations were probably paced by allogenic, astronomically forced climate change.  相似文献   

Quantification of the relation between surface morphodynamics and subsurface sedimentological product in sandy braided rivers     

Natalie O. Parker  Gregory H. Sambrook Smith  Philip J. Ashworth  James L. Best  Stuart N. Lane  Ian A. Lunt  Christopher J. Simpson  Roberte. Thomas 《Sedimentology》2013,60(3):820-839

This study uses digital elevation models and ground‐penetrating radar to quantify the relation between the surface morphodynamics and subsurface sedimentology in the sandy braided South Saskatchewan River, Canada. A unique aspect of the methodology is that both digital elevation model and ground‐penetrating radar data were collected from the same locations in 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007, thus enabling the surface morphodynamics to be tied explicitly to the associated evolving depositional product. The occurrence of a large flood in 2005 also allowed the influence of discharge to be assessed with respect to the process–product relationship. The data demonstrate that the morphology of the study reach evolved even during modest discharges, but more extensive erosion was caused by the large flood. In addition, the study reach was dominated by compound bars before the flood, but switched to being dominated by unit bars during and after the flood. The extent to which the subsurface deposits (the ‘product’) were modified by the surface morphodynamics (the ‘process’) was quantified using the changes in radar‐facies recorded in sequential ground‐penetrating radar surveys. These surveys reveal that during the large flood there was an increase in the proportion of facies associated with bar margin accretion and larger dunes. In subsequent years, these facies became truncated and replaced with facies associated with smaller dune sets. This analysis shows that unit bars generally become truncated more laterally than vertically and, thus, they lose the high‐angle bar margin deposits and smaller scale bar‐top deposits. In general, the only fragments that remain of the unit bars are dune sets, thus making identification of the original unit barform problematic. This novel data set has implications for what may ultimately become preserved in the rock record.  相似文献   

浅水湖盆三角洲储层构型模式探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

封从军  赵逸  贾鹏  颜佩丽 《地质科学》2013,48(4):1234-1245

针对浅水湖盆三角洲储层构型模式研究的不足,在考察鄱阳湖现代浅水湖盆三角洲沉积和解剖扶余油田扶余油层古代浅水湖盆三角洲储层构型的基础上,综合应用卫星照片、岩心、测井等资料,建立了浅水湖盆三角洲平原分流河道和三角洲前缘水下分流河道的沉积构型模式。研究结果表明:浅水湖盆三角洲主要发育三角洲平原上部曲流型分流河道、三角洲平原下部顺直型分流河道和三角洲前缘顺直型水下分流河道3种砂体类型,曲流型分流河道主要为侧积的点砂坝沉积构型模式,顺直型分流河道主要为垂积的心滩坝沉积构型模式,顺直型水下分流河道主要为垂积的分流砂坝沉积构型模式。同时从沉积亚相、砂体几何形态、夹层倾向及倾角、废弃河道、决口扇、粒度分析等几个方面总结了不同类型的分流河道及水下分流河道砂体的判别标志,为浅水湖盆三角洲储层内部构型及地质建模研究工作奠定了基础。  相似文献   

苏里格大气田多成因河道砂体的分布模式研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢庆宾  孙建  陈菁萍  刘明洁  李洋  李进步  张吉  梁新平 《地学前缘》2013,20(2):40-51

以鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格大气田二叠系下石盒子组盒8段河道砂体为研究对象,开展盒8段河道砂体成因类型及分布模式的研究。详细的岩心观察和相标志研究表明,盒8下段为辫状河砂体,盒8上段为曲流河砂体,局部发育网状河砂体。岩性、岩相与砂体的含气性的关系密切,含气砂体与砂岩中的粗岩相单元有良好的对应关系,粗岩相主要发育在高能辫状水道、心滩及曲流河下部边滩内。河道砂体分布模式研究表明,盒8下段发育高能辫状河砂体与低能辫状河砂体模式,盒8上段具有北部网状河、南部曲流河的分布模式。  相似文献   

皖北新元古界软沉积物液化变形-塌落叠合构造的古地震成因研究     

王熙  王明镇 《地球学报》2013,34(3):318-324

在皖北新元古界四十里长山组下部粉砂岩层中, 发育有一个软沉积物液化变形-塌落叠合构造。观测剖面共分为三部分: 下部为啸积砾岩未变形层, 中部为液化均一层、球枕状层和塌落叠合层, 上部为震积不整合面, 不整合面之上为啸积砾岩未变形层。共同构成一个完整的地震-海啸震积岩序列。中部的液化均一层、球枕状层和塌落叠合层是震积事件的主旋回层。对剖面特征及成因机理研究分析后发现, 该剖面位于浅海陆棚边缘斜坡相带。在古地震多旋回脉动震颤作用下, 经液化均一变形, 负载体下沉滑覆及盖层塌落多重叠合, 最终形成具有软沉积物变形特征的叠合构造。四十里长山组沉积期, 位于浅海陆棚边缘斜坡地带的粉砂质软沉积物, 为震颤变形的能量转化提供了物质基础。而强地震的多旋回脉动作用, 给软沉积物液化均一变形、负载体下沉滑覆、盖层塌落叠合等提供了原动力。  相似文献   

北京某深基坑复合土钉墙支护受力监测及分析     

刘伍  赵云峰  郑小体  李向虎  贾磊华 《中国勘察设计》2013,(11):70-75

通过对某深基坑开挖及支护过程中土钉钢筋受力、锚索轴力及坡顶水平位移情况进行监测,并通过对土钉拉筋受力特征、锚索轴力特征、坡顶水平位移监测值特征及其相互关系进行系统分析,将其与传统的受力模型进行对比,解析了该基坑在此方面的普遍性与特殊性,为今后类似工程提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Cooling effect of convection-intensifying composite embankment with air doors on permafrost     

Hong Sun  XiuRun Ge  FuJun Niu  Ge Liu  JinZhao Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(4):0372-0377

One of the main construction problems in permafrost regions is protecting permafrost thermal stability. Although ventilating ducts and crushed-rock layers were successfully used in railway embankment construction, their effects might not meet large-width expressway requirements. The convection-intensifying composite embankment composed of perforated ventilation ducts and crushed-rock layers was numerically studied to investigate its cooling effects. Adopting a numerical model, the temperature fields for two kinds of composite embankment with and without air doors were analyzed considering air flow and heat transfer characteristics in porous media. The results show that wind velocity in the crushed-rock zone is intensified by the perforated ventilation duct. The underlying permafrost temperature obviously decreases, and the 0 °C isotherm position rises significantly due to composite embankment. The composite embankment with air doors is more effective than that without air doors. Therefore, the new convection-intensifying composite embankment is potentially a highly efficient cooling measure for construction in permafrost regions.  相似文献   

海藻酸钠添加量对琼胶-结冷胶复合膜性能的影响     

周正光  汪东风  吴琼  于悦 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(8):61-64,88

研究海藻酸钠添加量对琼胶-结冷胶膜复合膜的水溶性、机械强度和水蒸汽阻隔性能的影响,并用红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析复合膜的相容性。结果表明,多糖之间有较强的氢键作用和良好的相容性;添加20%的海藻酸钠能使复合膜的溶解时间从360s下降到86s,低湿度下(RH=33%)的水蒸气透过率也有所下降,高湿度下(RH=94%)的水蒸气透过率无较大变化。添加海藻酸钠于琼胶-结冷胶复合膜中,复合膜的水溶性有了明显的提高,并且具有良好的力学性能和水蒸气阻隔性能,有望成为一种食品内包装膜。  相似文献   

气象装备保障信息管理系统的设计与实现     

杨涛  ;王磊  ;张常亮 《成都信息工程学院学报》2014,(6):635-643

现代化气象探测设备种类繁多、数量庞大,传统的人工纸质化管理模式已不能满足气象装备保障的智能化管理需求。采用基于B/S架构的Web技术建立气象装备保障智能信息管理系统,实时、准确、高效的完成气象装备的库存管理、需求管理、通知预警、统计查询及系统日志管理等功能,为气象业务人员的检定维修、计划采购、需求申请等工作提供一体化平台,极大地提高了设备管理使用的工作效率并降低数据出错率。系统也是现代气象信息化管理系统中的重要组成部分。  相似文献   

制备工艺对低温烧结Ni-Cu-Zn铁氧体/BaTiO_3复合材料性能的影响     

凌味未  许诚昕  马文英  聂海  陈祝 《成都信息工程学院学报》2014,(2):117-120

采用2种复合工艺流程在900°C和950°C制备了适用于低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)工艺的Ni-Cu-Zn铁氧体/BaTiO3复合材料。对比研究了不同工艺流程下,烧结温度及助剂用量变化对复合体系烧结性能和电磁性能的影响。900°C烧结时,在铁氧体预烧前添加BaTiO3(工艺流程Ⅱ)制备的复合材料比在铁氧体预烧后添加BaTiO3(工艺流程Ⅰ)制备的复合材料有更高的烧结密度(5.40g/cm3)和Snoek乘积(5.56GHz);950°C烧结时,工艺流程Ⅱ制备的复合材料的介电性能优于工艺流程Ⅰ制备的。  相似文献