新疆普鲁一带下古生界地层岩石组合及构造环境   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王洁明  肖丽君 《陕西地质》2003,21(1):52-60

西昆仑地块是西昆仑造山带的重要组成部分，南北边界分别为康西瓦—苏巴什华力西期缝合带和库地—其曼于特加里东期缝合带。新疆普鲁一带下古生界地层，分布于西昆仑地块东部，主要由一套海相火山岩和浅海陆棚相细碎屑岩组成，并遭受了绿片岩相的变质作用。通过1：25万《于田一伯力克幅)区调工作，将新疆普鲁一带下古生界地层厘定为下古生界奥陶—志留系，认为形成的大地构造环境为大陆活动边缘。  相似文献   

中国大陆西部及邻区板内8级大地震活动过程和趋势预测初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

傅征祥  刘杰  王晓青  郝平  吕梅梅 《地学前缘》2003,10(Z1):112-117

中国大陆西部及邻区是全球 8级大地震最为活跃的地区之一。自 180 0年以来该区板内 8级大地震共发生了 16次 ,2 0 0 1年昆仑山口西 8.1级大地震 (36 .1°N ,90 .9°E)是在 195 7年蒙古 8.3级大地震之后 4 4a发生的。研究表明该区 8级大地震的活动过程可能存在相对平静 (1812— 190 2年 )和相对活跃 (190 3— 195 7年 )交替的幕式或轮回过程的性质。 195 7年蒙古地震之后可能是一次新的轮回开始 ,2 0 0 1年昆仑山口西地震是新轮回的第二次地震 ,按照轮回过程中事件发生频度是时间的指数函数关系的假定 ,该区下一次 8级大地震可能约在 2 0 2 6年发生。如果假定该过程相当接近泊松过程。那么 ,在 2 0 0 5 ,2 0 10年和 2 0 15年前至少发生一次 8级大地震的泊松概率 ,分别是 0 .2 9,0 .5 3和 0 .70。  相似文献   

Distribution of L_g coda Q in the Chinese continent and its adjacent regions     

丛连理  胡家富  傅竹武  温一波  康国发  吴小平 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(6)

In continent Lg is usually one of the predominant phases recorded by short-period or broad-band seismometers. A ray-theoretical approach shows that Lg wave is the superposition of higher-mode surface waves propagating in the continental crust[1—4]. The g…  相似文献   

Temporal variations in magma composition at Merapi Volcano (Central Java, Indonesia): magmatic cycles during the past 2000 years of explosive activity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ralf Gertisser  Jrg Keller 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,123(1-2):1

Merapi Volcano (Central Java, Indonesia) has been frequently active during Middle to Late Holocene time producing basalts and basaltic andesites of medium-K composition in earlier stages of activity and high-K magmas from 1900 ¹⁴C yr BP to the present. Radiocarbon dating of pyroclastic deposits indicates an almost continuous activity with periods of high eruption rates alternating with shorter time spans of distinctly reduced eruptive frequency since the first appearance of high-K volcanic rocks. Geochemical data of 28 well-dated, prehistoric pyroclastic flows of the Merapi high-K series indicate systematic cyclic variations. These medium-term compositional variations result from a complex interplay of several magmatic processes, which ultimately control the periodicity and frequency of eruptions at Merapi. Low eruption rates and the absence of new influxes of primitive magma from depth allow the generation of basaltic andesite magma (56–57 wt% SiO₂) in a small-volume magma reservoir through fractional crystallisation from parental mafic magma (52–53 wt% SiO₂) in periods of low eruptive frequency. Magmas of intermediate composition erupted during these stages provide evidence for periodic withdrawal of magma from a steadily fractionating magma chamber. Subsequent periods are characterised by high eruption rates that coincide with shifts of whole-rock compositions from basaltic andesite to basalt. This compositional variation is interpreted to originate from influxes of primitive magma into a continuously active magma chamber, triggering the eruption of evolved magma after periods of low eruptive frequency. Batches of primitive magma eventually mix with residual magma in the magmatic reservoir to decrease whole-rock SiO₂ contents. Supply of primitive magma at Merapi appears to be sufficiently frequent that andesites or more differentiated rock types were not generated during the past 2000 years of activity. Cyclic variations also occurred during the recent eruptive period since AD 1883. The most recent eruptive episode of Merapi is characterised by essentially uniform magma compositions that may imply the existence of a continuously active magma reservoir, maintained in a quasi-steady state by magma recharge. The whole-rock compositions at the upper limit of the total SiO₂ range of the Merapi suite could also indicate the beginning of another period of high eruption rates and shifts towards more mafic compositions.  相似文献   

Lithology and palynology of Neogene sediments on the narrow edge of the Kitakami Massif (basement rocks), northeast Japan: Significant change for depositional environments as a result of plate tectonics     

Koji Yagishita  Akiko Obuse  Hiroshi Kurita 《Island Arc》2003,12(3):268-280

Abstract A controversial stratigraphic section, the Taneichi Formation, is exposed along the Pacific Coast of northeastern Honshu, the main island of the Japanese Archipelago. Although most sediments of the formation have long been dated as late Cretaceous, the northern section of it has been assigned to (i) the Upper Cretaceous; (ii) the Paleogene; or (iii) the Neogene. In the present report, we present the data of palynological and sedimentological studies, showing that the northern section should be assigned to the Neogene. A more important point in the present study is that we invoke some basic principles of fluvial sedimentology to resolve this stratigraphic subject. The lignite layers full of Paleogene–Miocene dinoflagellate cysts and pollen assemblages drape over the boulder‐sized (>40 cm in diameter) clasts in the northern section. However, the layers totally consist of aggregates of small lignite chips, indicating that the lignites are allochthonous materials. The mega‐clasts with derived microfossils in the lignites are thought to have been deposited as Neogene fluvial (flood) sediments in the newly formed Japanese Archipelago. Prior to the Miocene, the northern Honshu was part of the Eurasian Plate, thus the boulder‐sized clasts cannot be envisaged as long river flood deposits along the continental Paleogene Pacific Coast. Instead, the mega‐clasts with the draping lignites were probably derived from nearby Miocene highlands in the newly born island arc.  相似文献   

东亚陆缘带构造扩张的深部热力学机制   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

张健  石耀霖 《大地构造与成矿学》2003,27(3):222-227

近年来,我国地球科学家提出“陆缘构造扩张”观点,较好的解释了亚洲东部大陆边缘于新生代发生扩张离散运动的原因。本文基于“陆缘构造扩张”观点,探讨东亚陆缘带构造扩张的深部热力学机制。东亚陆缘带是具有强烈岩浆活动和构造变形的扩张带,此构造带的主要地球物理特征是频繁的地震活动和明显的地热异常。东亚陆缘扩张带地震层析成像显示,太平洋板块低角度俯冲到欧亚板块之下并平卧于670km相变界面之上。这种图像可能是俯冲后撤导致陆缘扩张的结果。热模拟及地球动力学计算表明:俯冲后撤时间距今约76Ma,海沟带后撤为陆缘壳体的生长留下空间,并形成东亚陆缘壳体增生扩展的前沿带,陆缘扩张量约700km。  相似文献   

济宁二号矿孤岛工作面冲击矿压危险及其控制   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

何烨  才庆祥  窦林名  张卫东 《岩土力学》2003,(Z2)

孤岛工作面及其周围巷道附近应力集中程度高,顶板运动剧烈,再加上地质构造的影响,采深较大时,冲击危险程度就高,很容易引发冲击矿压。《煤矿安全规程》要求孤岛工作面按冲击矿压危险工作面来管理。孤岛工作面冲击矿压危险检测预报及控制的技术是先分析冲击危险程度,确定冲击危险指数,提出早期预报;采用电磁辐射和钻屑法进行及时预报;采用卸压爆破进行处理,并采用电磁辐射和钻屑法检验防治措施的效果。实践证明,这套技术安全、可靠、有效,能够保证工作面的安全高效生产。  相似文献   

重庆雾的特点及其变化分析   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

向波  刘德  廖代强 《气象》2003,29(2):48-52

利用重庆市沙坪坝195l一2001年的资料，对重庆市区雾的生消时间、持续时间、能见度等主要特征变量及其相对湿度，温度差等相关气象要素做了较为全面的分析，认为城市热岛效应可能是造成重庆主城区雾日数减少的重要原因之一。  相似文献   

气象卫星观测资料的分析在城市区域气象环境研究中的应用   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

周志恩  蒋维楣  胡非  奚文 《气象科学》2003,23(3):292-299

目前 ,我国气象部门相当普遍地拥有气象卫星观测资料 ,但是 ,这些资料如何在城市气象服务以及为城市建设规划等方面的决策研究中发挥作用 ,急待进一步研究并开展工作。本文试图通过合理的反演处理 ,给出卫星观测对地面温度的测量结果 ,由此可比较细致地分析了解地面热状况及其与土地利用类型 ,地面覆盖性质等的关系。本文利用有限的 NOAA- AVHRR气象卫星遥感资料 ,采用修正的 Ulivieri分裂窗方法反演出同期的地表温度场 ,通过对北京地区的卫星观测资料进行算例分析 ,揭示出一个 2 0 0 km× 2 0 0 km范围内的地面温度分布特征。反演结果可以明显地揭示出城市热岛现象的变化规律 ,并且能较为清楚地反映出相对的高温区和低温区  相似文献   

粗糙冷岛宽度与布局对局地气候影响的数值研究     

余晖  杨舵 《南京气象学院学报》1997,20(2):165-170

利用一个二维大气模式，研究粗糙冷岛宽度与布局对局地气候的影响问题。结果表明：粗糙冷岛激发的局地环流随其宽度的变化表现出３种流型－单环流型，双上升单下沉型，双环流型。存在４０－５０ｋｍ左右的临界宽度ｄｃ，当粗糙冷岛宽度ｄ〈ｄｃ时，粗糙冷岛激发的局地环流随ｄ的增加而明显增强；而ｄ〉ｄｃ时，局地环流随ｄ的增国变化不大，甚至趋向准定常。  相似文献