砂土地震液化的改进进货遗传算法判别     

王明华  刘汉超等 《地质灾害与环境保护》2000,11(4):329-332

改进了进化遗传算法,提出了新的交叉算子和变异算子,使之具有更好的全局收敛能力。砂土液化是一种危害极大的地震破坏现象,其影响因素很多,选择地震烈度、砂土粒径、相对密度、标贯击数和有效正应力为判据,利用改进了的进化遗传算法建立了砂土地震液化的判别模型。与液化情况比较表明,改进进化遗传算法应用于砂土地震液化的判别效果良好。  相似文献   

黏土的应力路径本构模型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

路德春  姚仰平 《岩土力学》2007,28(4):649-654

根据黏土应力-应变曲线的特点及其应力路径的相关特性,将作者所建立的砂土应力路径本构模型扩展用于黏土,建立了黏土的应力路径本构模型,利用变换应力方法将SMP准则用于黏土的应力路径本构模型,使模型得到了合理的三维化。黏土的应力路径模型与修正剑桥模型相比,在双向加载A区和卸载D区二者完全相同;在单向加载B区和F区,两种模型均可计算塑性应变;特别是在C区和E区,黏土的应力路径模型可计算塑性应变,而修正剑桥模型的塑性应变为0。通过与修正剑桥模型比较和对藤森黏土试验结果的预测,反映了黏土应力路径本构模型描述黏土在不同应力路径条件下应力-应变特性的优越性。  相似文献   

饱和砂土的剪切波速与其抗液化强度关系研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

程国勇  王建华  张献民 《岩土力学》2007,28(4):689-693

根据饱和砂土剪切波速与其抗液化强度的相关性原理,利用剪切波速与振动三轴联合实验装置,进行了控制饱和砂土初始剪切波速的振动液化实验,依据实验结果建立了剪切波速与抗液化强度的定量关系。最后用现场勘查数据对此定量关系进行验证,结果表明：该关系式对实际 66 个未液化地点的判别准确率达到 81.2 %;对 108 个实际液化地点的判别准确率达到 62.8 %;平均判别准确率达到 69.5 %。  相似文献   

The application of radar topographic data to mapping of a mega-paleodrainage in the Eastern Sahara   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

E. Ghoneim  F. El-Baz 《Journal of Arid Environments》2007,69(4):658-675

The recently available Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data, with 90 m horizontal resolution, are used to delineate the entire Tushka mega-watershed. It is calculated that the watershed covers an area of 150 000 km² and composed of four subwatersheds. This study indicates that the Tushka basin is a closed hydrological system independent of the Nile hydro-system, the Qena Valley system, and the Chad basin as well. More importantly, the study demonstrates that this basin drains northeasterly toward the westernmost of the recently flooded lakes in the Tushka depression, west of Lake Nasser. The hydrological activities within the basin resulted in the formation of the largest paleo-lake deposit in Egypt at Bir-Tarfawi. The vast sand sheets that cover the Tushka basin accentuate the theory of El-Baz [1982. Genesis of the Great Sand Sea, Western Desert of Egypt. International Association of Sediment, 11th International Conference, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, p. 68], which relates sand accumulations within basins in today's deserts to previous fluvial activities. The present study illustrates the capability of the SRTM in penetrating desert sand surfaces and mapping the ancient drainage networks, which remarkably correlate with subsurface channels detected in Radarsat-1 images.  相似文献   

岩土材料应力路径无关硬化参量的构成方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

罗汀  姚仰平 《岩土力学》2007,28(1):69-76

在分析砂土试验结果的基础上,揭示了基本硬化内参量（塑性体积应变、塑性剪应变）变化的应力路径相关性,提出了应力路径无关硬化参量的一般表达式。并指出了塑性功硬化参量及其提出的黏土和砂土统一硬化参量均是所提一般表达式框架下的特例。还将该统一硬化参量直接和修正剑桥模型结合,并与试验结果对比,表现出描述剪胀特性的简单性和有效性。  相似文献   

上海软土地区打入桩基长期沉降性状研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

周红波  陈竹昌 《岩土力学》2007,28(9):1856-1860

通过对上海25栋高层建筑打入桩基长期沉降观测资料的对比分析,研究压缩层的组成与桩周土特性对打入桩基长期沉降性状的影响,指出桩周浅部厚砂土层对打入桩基长期沉降性状的影响同压缩层有密切的关系。当压缩层以准砂土为主（准砂土比 ? > 75 %）时,桩周厚砂土层对降低桩基沉降及改善沉降性状有明显作用;当准砂土比? < 50 %（或可塑性黏土比?3 > 50 %）时,桩周厚砂土层的上述作用将消失。即使在桩周存在厚砂土层时,压缩层组成对桩基沉降性状的基本特征起主导作用仍然是具有普遍意义的概念。在浅部厚砂土层中得到的上述研究结果,实际上同挤土桩施工的复杂作用有关。  相似文献   

PIV技术及其在风沙边界层研究中的应用   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

罗万银  董治宝  钱广强 《中国沙漠》2007,27(5):733-737

为了考察粒子图像测速度技术在风沙环境风洞中的测量精度及在风沙边界层研究中的应用潜力,通过筛选适当的示踪颗粒,借助PIV测量系统重新测量了风沙环境风洞中的风廓线,并获得了风沙边界层内跃移沙粒的速度和浓度分布规律。实验结果表明：PIV测得的风速廓线与标准风速廓线仪所测结果相当吻合(R2≥0.99);沙粒跃移的平均水平速度和相对浓度（灰度）沿距离沙面高度分别呈幂函数和负指数分布,沙粒速度随高度和自由风速的增加而增大,相对浓度随高度的增加而快速衰减,风速越小衰减越快,风速越大衰减越慢,这一结果与前人的结论一致。PIV系统为将来能够进行更加精确的风沙运动微观机理研究提供了技术保证。  相似文献   

新疆和田河流域灌丛沙堆风洞流场的实验研究（Ⅰ）   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

李志忠  武胜利  肖晨曦  孙秋梅  刘丽梅  张中华 《中国沙漠》2007,27(1):9-14

灌丛沙堆是一种重要的风积地貌类型,风力、沙源、植物是影响灌丛沙堆发育的主要因素。依据风沙运动实验相似理论,以新疆和田河流域实测的灌丛沙堆数据为基础,按40∶1的比例缩小制作成无植被“灌丛沙堆”模型,在风洞中选用区间在6~14 m\5s-1的5组不同风速分别对沙堆模型作纯气流模拟实验流场观测,探讨在不同风力作用下灌丛沙堆表面的流场结构变化特征。模拟实验表明,气流在半球形沙堆迎风坡下部受到正面风压影响有较明显反射涡流,丘顶具有高速气流风蚀区域,而圆锥形沙堆迎风坡气流均匀爬坡加速,背风坡涡流强盛,因此两者在无沙情况下的纯气流流场结构特征、沙堆形态动力平衡特点有较明显差异。  相似文献   

大量采沙对东江下游及东江三角洲河床地形和潮汐动力的影响     

贾良文  罗章仁  杨清书  欧素英  雷亚平 《地理学报(英文版)》2007,17(2):197-211

The sand dredging and its impacts on riverbed evolution and tidal dynamic change in the lower reaches and delta of the Dongjiang River are examined in this paper. The large amount of sand, totally 3.32 billion m^3 from 1980 to 2002, was mined from the riverbeds of the lower reaches and delta of the Dongjiang River. Increasing of the channel capacity, lowering of the average riverbed elevation, deepening of the water depth and decreasing of the longitudinal riverbed gradient are the main effects on the riverbed evolution brought by the large amount of sand dredging. Under the strong sand dredging and associated significant riverbed deformation, the notable changes of the tidal dynamic in the lower reaches and delta of the Dongjiang River occurred, including： （1）in the upper reaches of the Dongjiang River delta and lower reaches of the Dongjiang River, tidal level dropped apparently, tidal range widened, flood tidal duration became longer, amplitudes for major tidal components became bigger and tidal dynamics intensified; （2） tidal wave spread faster; and （3） the limits of the tidal level, tidal current and salt water moved upstream.  相似文献   

Valley-marginal sand dunes in the south-west Kalahari: their nature, classification and possible origins   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Joanna E. Bullard  David J. Nash 《Journal of Arid Environments》2000,45(4):369

This paper considers the nature, classification and possible origin of a variety of desert sand dunes which occur in association with ephemeral drainage features in the south-west Kalahari. The dune forms, which we term valley-marginal dunes, are found at the top of valley flanks, and are narrow, elongate forms with arcuate and straight planform elements which mirror the course of extant and ancient channels. Following a discussion of the major schemes used to classify different dune types, we describe the morphology and situation of these valley-marginal dunes. We suggest that whilst the basic morphometry of these dunes is similar to many other dune types, the topographic setting in which they occur is relatively unusual. We conclude that valley-marginal dunes are a previously unrecognized landform which cannot be fitted into current classificatory schemes. It is suggested that one reason for this may be the lack of an explicit temporal dimension in most dune classifications.  相似文献