基于NGM(1,1,k,c)模型和改进切线角的危岩变形预测     

刘富有  陈鹏宇  余宏明 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(6):8-10

针对危岩变形预测问题,本文以非齐次指数序列的灰色模型(NGM)作为危岩变形预测的基本模型,通过对望霞危岩变形的分析结果显示,NGM(1,1,k,c)模型拟合效果明显优于GM(1,1)模型,说明危岩变形趋势更接近于非齐次指数序列。利用NGM(1,1,k,c)模型结合改进切线角可对危岩变形趋势进行分析预测,可作为危岩稳定性和发展趋势的评估依据。  相似文献   

国产机载LiDAR系统安置角误差检校方案研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢劭峰  刘田龙 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(6):50-55

机载激光扫描仪(Light Detection And Ranging,LiDAR)系统是由多个子系统集成,其中,安置角误差是集成误差中最大的误差源,安置角误差检校的方法多种多样,高效率、高精度的检校方式还需要试验的支撑。本文对平差模型法和几何模型法进行了试验分析,试验结果很好地证明了不同方法的优越性,为机载LiDAR系统的安置角检校提供了参考。  相似文献   

城市点云的区域生长三角网构建方法     

李晶晶  范大昭  耿弘毅  纪松 《测绘科学技术学报》2016,(1):65-70

成熟的倾斜摄影测量及密集匹配技术可获取密集的城市点云,对点云进行三角网构建是真三维建模的关键技术之一。提出了基于区域生长的三角网构建方法,使用双约束条件提高点云的搜索效率,基于点边表数据结构进行网格生长,利用夹角约束和三角形孔洞修补优化网格。实验证明,该方法获取的三角网能够准确地表达楼体、桥状建筑等在内的城市实体,网格优化后的孔洞比例约为1‰并且该方法具有一定的抗噪能力。  相似文献   

Response of low‐angle dunes to variable flow          下载免费PDF全文

Megan L. Hendershot  Jeremy G. Venditti  Ryan W. Bradley  Ray A. Kostaschuk  Michael Church  Mead A. Allison 《Sedimentology》2016,63(3):743-760

Current understanding of bedform dynamics is largely based on field and laboratory observations of bedforms in steady flow environments. There are relatively few investigations of bedforms in flows dominated by unsteadiness associated with rapidly changing flows or tides. As a consequence, the ability to predict bedform response to variable flow is rudimentary. Using high‐resolution multibeam bathymetric data, this study explores the dynamics of a dune field developed by tidally modulated, fluvially dominated flow in the Fraser River Estuary, British Columbia, Canada. The dunes were dominantly low lee angle features characteristic of large, deep river channels. Data were collected over a field ca 1·0 km long and 0·5 km wide through a complete diurnal tidal cycle during the rising limb of the hydrograph immediately prior to peak freshet, yielding the most comprehensive characterization of low‐angle dunes ever reported. The data show that bedform height and lee angle slope respond to variable flow by declining as the tide ebbs, then increasing as the tide rises and the flow velocities decrease. Bedform lengths do not appear to respond to the changes in velocity caused by the tides. Changes in the bedform height and lee angle have a counterclockwise hysteresis with mean flow velocity, indicating that changes in the bedform geometry lag changes in the flow. The data reveal that lee angle slope responds directly to suspended sediment concentration, supporting previous speculation that low‐angle dune morphology is maintained by erosion of the dune stoss and crest at high flow, and deposition of that material in the dune trough.  相似文献   

Smoothing and re-roughening processes: The geometric evolution of a single fault zone     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2016

The geometry of a fault zone exerts a major control on earthquake rupture processes and source parameters. Observations previously compiled from multiple faults suggest that fault surface shape evolves with displacement, but the specific processes driving the evolution of fault geometry within a single fault zone are not well understood. Here, we characterize the deformation history and geometry of an extraordinarily well-exposed fault using maps of cross-sectional exposures constructed with the Structure from Motion photogrammetric method. The La Quinta Fault, located in southern California, experienced at least three phases of deformation. Multiple layers of ultracataclasite formed during the most recent phase. Crosscutting relations between the layers define the evolution of the structures and demonstrate that new layers formed successively during the deformation history. Wear processes such as grain plucking from one layer into a younger layer and truncation of asperities at layer edges indicate that the layers were slip zones and the contacts between them slip surfaces. Slip surfaces that were not reactivated or modified after they were abandoned exhibit self-affine geometry, preserving the fault roughness from different stages of faulting. Roughness varies little between surfaces, except the last slip zone to form in the fault, which is the smoothest. This layer contains a distinct mineral assemblage, indicating that the composition of the fault rock exerts a control on roughness. In contrast, the similar roughness of the older slip zones, which have comparable mineralogy but clearly crosscut one another, suggests that as the fault matured the roughness of the active slip surface stayed approximately constant. Wear processes affected these layers, so for roughness to stay constant the roughening and smoothing effects of fault slip must have been approximately balanced. These observations suggest fault surface evolution occurs by nucleation of new surfaces and wear by competing smoothing and re-roughening processes.  相似文献   

岩石圈中水的临界奇异性——大规模成矿的根源     

胡宝群  王倩  王运  邱林飞  吕古贤  孙占学 《地质论评》2016,62(S1):307-308

水的临界奇异性是岩石圈中许多重大地质作用的关键和枢纽,有独特的地质意义、超乎常识。水在临界点发生二级相变,许多物理化学性质奇异性突变,特别是溶解行为和热压的突变,对成矿作用影响极大。  相似文献   

顾及拓扑与尖角的分类矢量数据分组压缩算法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

宋正祥  周晓光  陈律余 《测绘科学》2016,41(11):98-103

针对现有拆分重组法对存在复杂内环以及复杂相交岛屿多边形的分类矢量数据的压缩结果中包含裂缝、重叠及大量尖锐夹角的问题,提出了一种顾及拓扑一致性与尖角的分组压缩方法。依据分类矢量数据中多边形与多边形及其内环的相交关系对矢量矢量数据分组,以修正后拆分重组法结合直接分割法和间接分割法对分类矢量数据分组压缩,压缩结果中不存在裂缝与重叠现象,维护了分类矢量数据的拓扑一致性;通过取回尖角点前后被删除的点,解决了压缩结果中尖角过多的问题。以Landsat8遥感影像分类矢量数据实验验证了文章算法,并与直接分割法、间接分割法、拆分重组法进行了对比分析,验证了本文方法的有效性。  相似文献   

An experimental study on water entry of asymmetric wedges     

《Applied Ocean Research》2016

The aim of the paper is to provide an experimental reference for investigation of asymmetric water entry of wedges. Parameters of the study include initial deadrise angle, inclination angle and impact speed. Initial deadrise angles of the wedges were 20° and 30° with inclination angles ranging from 0° to 15° in 5° increments. Wedges were freely fallen from three different heights. Time histories of impact pressure and body acceleration were recorded. Sampling rate of measurements were set to 25 KHz. Main configuration of each test including mass of the wedge and water level were kept unchanged during all experiments. Additionally, several calibration tests were conducted to assess the repeatability and accuracy of the recorded data. The experimental results are compared with different entry theories and other available experiments. The comparison shows a reasonable agreement and indicates that the inclination angle can dramatically affect the impact pressure experienced by the wedges. Finally, the results show that the traditional asymmetric theories are not appropriate for all inclination angles.  相似文献   

小入射角下海浪后向散射系数不对称性和各向异性分析验证     

王晓晨  万剑华  张振华  孟俊敏  范陈清 《海洋学报》2016,38(11):43-48

基于北京遥测技术研究所机载波谱仪实测数据以及ECMWF提供的风场数据,分析了不同风速条件下小入射角海浪平均后向散射系数不对称性与各向异性随入射角的变化特性,并对导致这一现象的原因进行了初步分析。结果表明:小入射角下,海浪平均后向散射系数随入射角增大呈现递减趋势并在18°时达到某一稳定值,之后基本维持不变;海浪后向散射系数不对称性与各向异性均随入射角增大呈现递增趋势,同样在18°增大至某一稳定值,之后基本维持不变;低风速条件下,海浪不对称性和各向异性与风速有关,且风速越大不对称性与各向异性越明显。  相似文献   

The Pedagogical Benefits of SimCity in Urban Geography Education     

Minsung Kim  Jungyeop Shin 《The Journal of geography》2016,115(2):39-50

This article investigated the pedagogical potential of the SimCity simulation game in an urban geography course. University students used SimCity to build their own cities and applied a wide range of theories to support their urban structures. Moreover, the students critically evaluated the logic and functioning of the SimCity simulation compared to real-world contexts and urban geography principles. The students believed the SimCity activity provided them with opportunities to promote their geographic creativity, resulting in diverse, unique, and interesting cities. The findings demonstrate that the use of SimCity can be an effective tool for geography education.  相似文献