防止张掖城市湿地周边地区土壤盐渍化的地下水临界深度确定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵荣昌  巴建文  秦晓燕  马小泉  刘振华  田辽西 《地下水》2011,(1):34-35,122

针对张掖北郊湿地区土壤盐渍化严重的实际情况,利用经验公式估算法和实测数据分析法研究和确定了张掖湿地区土壤盐渍化地下水临界深度值为2.9m,并讨论临界深度的确定对于防治土壤盐渍化和湿地周边地区生态保护的意义.  相似文献   

卵砾石地层钻探用大直径加强型金刚石钻头的研制          下载免费PDF全文

朱英  周原  赵宪富 《探矿工程》2011,38(8):68-71

采用不同于常规金刚石钻头的设计理念,选用高强度金刚石及耐磨金刚石聚晶体,对普通金刚石钻头胎体配方进行了改进,对常规金刚石钻头的烧结工艺参数作了适当的调整,试制出大直径加强型金刚石钻头。该钻头在耐磨性、抗冲击韧性及保径等方面较常规金刚石钻头显现出较大优势。在不改变常规钻进参数的情况下,较好地解决了卵砾石、破碎地层钻头寿命短、钻进速度慢、钻头易过早损坏等问题,可供类似的地层钻探施工选用。  相似文献   

气候变化条件下青藏铁路沿线多年冻土概率预报(I):活动层厚度与地温   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

杨成松  程国栋 《冰川冻土》2011,33(3):461-468

对1961-2100年IPCC气候模拟与预测结果进行降尺度处理,得到铁路沿线空间分辨率为1km、时间分辨率为1h的大气边界条件.对铁路和公路沿线钻孔资料在垂直和水平两个方向进行空间差值处理,得到水平1 km、垂直0.1m分辨率的沿线地下含水（冰）量的二维分布,作为初始条件.考虑气候模型预测误差和空间格网内地形的变化,以...  相似文献   

渤海海冰现场监测的数字图像技术及其应用     

季顺迎  王安良  王宇新  李海  岳前进 《海洋学报(英文版)》2011,30(4):79-87

在渤海冰区油气开发中,海冰给平台结构、油气运输和施工作业带来很大影响。油气作业区海冰参数精确、连续、实时的现场监测对分析油气开发的可靠性、检验海冰数值模式、校正海冰卫星遥感数据具有重要意义。针对渤海油气作业区的海冰运动和分布特性,通过数字图像技术对海冰的厚度、运动速度和密集度三个参数的提取进行了算法开发和软件研制。在2009-2010年采用该海冰数字图像监测软件对渤海辽东湾JZ20-2油气作业区的海冰参数进行了全冰期的连续监测,获得了翔实可靠的海冰厚度、密集度和冰速等海冰监测资料。现场监测应用表明,该海冰数字图像监测软件具有操作性强、精确度高、可靠性好的优点。该监测技术进一步完善后可广泛应用于渤海油气作业区的海冰现场监测,成为海冰业务化现场监测的重要组成部分。  相似文献   

Gas-hydrate stability thickness map along the Indian continental margin   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Kalachand Sain  V. Rajesh  N. Satyavani  K.V. Subbarao  C. Subrahmanyam 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(10):1779-1786

The gas-hydrate stability thickness (GHST) map along the Indian continental margin is prepared from available bathymetry, sea-bottom temperature and geothermal gradient data. The bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) often marks the base of gas-hydrate stability zone. The prior information about the stability thickness in a particular area will help in identifying BSR on seismic data. The map is also useful to the exploration scientists to set a depth window within which proxies for gas-hydrate can be looked into. A GHST map was initially prepared in 1998 based on the-then available data. A lot of new data has been generated by various organizations under the Indian National Gas Hydrate Programs for the advancement of exploration and exploitation activities. By incorporating the new data from the published and available documents, we have modified the GHST map along the Indian margin. Besides filling the data gap, the new map shows the gas-hydrate stability zone in the Andaman offshore. In addition, we show maps of sea-bottom temperature, sediment thickness, geothermal gradient and heat flow to provide a bird’s eye view of these parameters along the continental margin of India.  相似文献   

Analysis of wave-induced liquefaction in seabed deposits of silt   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高玉峰  沈扬  张健  黎冰 《中国海洋工程》2011,25(1):31-44

The dynamic stress introduced in half elastic space by wave loading is characterized by the equation between the magnitude of half cyclic axial stress and cyclic torsion shear stress and the principal stress,whose direction rotates continuously and compression stress on seabed can be calculated by the use of small amplitude wave theory.With relationship curves of saturated silt of liquefaction cycles and cyclic stress ratios obtained by cyclic triaxial-torsional coupling shear tests and curve fitting method to different data points of relative density,it is suggested that the cyclic stress ratio corresponding to constant liquefaction impedance be taken as the critical cyclic stress ratio which implies liquefaction.There exists a linear relationship between critical cyclic stress ratio and relative density under different relative densities.Empirical formula for critical cyclic stress ratios of seabed liquefaction induced by wave loading under different relative densities is established.The possibility of seabed silt liquefaction and its influence factors are analyzed based on the small-amplitude wave theory and the data acquired in laboratory tests.  相似文献   

城镇化水平测定方法构建与案例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈晓倩  张全景  代合治  于伟 《地域研究与开发》2011,30(4):76-80

城镇化水平作为衡量一个国家和地区城镇化的指标,其测定方法还不甚完善,对其进行研究成为科学评价我国城镇化水平的一个重要课题。城镇与乡村最直观的区别在于人口的集聚程度、人口的职业构成、土地的利用方式,因此,在既有城镇地域界定标准的基础上,选择人口密度、非农业人口比重、建成区面积比重、人均耕地面积等指标作为判断不同政区是否成为城镇地域的基本指标。通过层层设置临界值,合理地界定了城镇地域范围,并核定了城镇人口,为科学计算城镇化水平提供了依据。以曲阜市为实例,对上述标准进行检验,结果表明,这种城乡划分标准合理,结果符合实际,同时计算简便,利于应用。  相似文献   

Neoliberalism,Mineral Development and Indigenous People: a framework for analysis     

Cathy Howlett  Monica Seini  Diana McCallum  Natalie Osborne 《The Australian geographer》2011,42(3):309-323

There have been suggestions in recent literature that neoliberalism and globalisation present positive opportunities for Indigenous communities engaging in resource development projects on their traditional lands. This paper will present evidence from preliminary research on the neoliberal restructuring that has endured for those Indigenous communities of Queensland who have engaged with mineral development opportunities. Initial findings indicate that the State has devolved some of its responsibilities to the mining company in relation to Indigenous development and service provision. This paper develops a theoretical and analytical framework to enable an examination of the implications of this voluntary devolution of responsibility for Indigenous development and service provision and questions whether this represents a positive opportunity for Indigenous people in the region.  相似文献   

Remote Sensing Retrieval of Optical Character of Cloud and Distribution of Cloud Water in Qilian Mountains          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Jie  ZHANG Qiang  HE Jinmei  Guo Ni  TIAN Wenshou 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2006,20(5):69-75

By using MODIS data from Terra and Aqua satellite, 6-h precipitation data of 18 cases from 2002 to 2005, applying 6S model and Mie model, some parameters including optical thickness of cloud, efficient radius of cloud particle, and content of liquid water are retrieved, the interspace of which is also analyzed by combining with GIS software. Then the relation of all those parameters and 6-h precipitation are analyzed.The results show that there is difference between distribution of the optics thickness and efficient radius of cloud particle, which is influenced by terrain. The largest value on the southern mountains is less than 4300 m, which means there is rich cloud water in the region. There is positive correlation between precipitation and three parameters;precipitation probability is large when optical thickness is changed from 8 to 20; efficient radius of cloud particle is changed from 6 to 12 μm and content of liquid water is more than 0.04 g m-3. In Qilian Mountains content of liquid water is higher than 0.15 g-m-3 at 4300 m and it means that there is large potential to exploit cloud water.  相似文献   

Theoretical investigation of the cavity expansion problem based on a hypoplasticity model     

V. A. Osinov  R. Cudmani 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2001,25(5):473-495

The problem of the symmetric quasi‐static large‐strain expansion of a cavity in an infinite granular body is studied. The body is assumed to be dry or fully drained so that the presence of the pore water can be disregarded. Both spherical and cylindrical cavities are considered. Numerical solutions to the boundary value problem are obtained with the use of the hypoplastic constitutive relation calibrated for a series of granular soils. As the radius of the cavity increases, the stresses and the density on the cavity surface asymptotically approach limit values corresponding to a so‐called critical state. For a given soil, the limit values depend on the initial stresses and the initial density. A comparison is made between the solutions for different initial states and different soils. Applications to geotechnical problems such as cone penetration test and pressuremeter test are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献