Influence of initial density of cohesionless soil on evolution of passive earth pressure     

J. Tejchman  E. Bauer  S. F. Tantono 《Acta Geotechnica》2007,2(1):53-63

This paper focuses on the influence of the initial void ratio on the evolution of the passive earth pressure and the formation of shear zones in a dry sand body behind a retaining wall. For the numerical simulation a rigid and very rough retaining wall undergoing a horizontal translation against the backfill is considered. The essential mechanical properties of cohesionless granular soil are described with a micro-polar hypoplastic model which takes into account stresses and couple stresses, pressure dependent limit void ratios and the mean grain size as a characteristic length. Numerical investigations are carried out with an initially medium dense and initially loose sand using a homogeneous and random distribution of the initial void ratio. The geometry of calculated shear zones is discussed and compared with a corresponding laboratory model test.  相似文献   

磷矿石中磷、钙、镁、锶、氟测定方法评述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙琳 《贵州地质》2007,24(4):322-324

本文系统分析了磷矿石高含量磷、钙、镁、锶、氟诸元素存在时对其测定的相互影响及其测定中存在的问题,比较全面地总结了国内分析工作者针对该问题,对诸难测元素在常规分析方法方面的工作进展。  相似文献   

坝基集中渗漏通道的温度场反分析与试验研究     

陈亮  吴勇  陈建生 《华东地质学院学报》2007,30(4):354-357

渗漏是严重影响堤坝安全的主要形式,确定渗漏通道的位置是进行堤坝渗漏整治的前提和基础。温度场探测堤坝渗漏的研究是其中一种较便捷的方法,但是在理论上还需要进一步完善。在库水和地下水存在着温度差异的基础上,考虑堤坝发生集中渗漏后,渗漏通道中的地下水与周围土体进行热量交换,造成渗流通道附近地层温度发生改变,建立起温度场对渗漏通道的反演模型。在前人研究的基础上,考虑地温梯度的影响,可以建立有集中渗漏通道影响下的二维热传导方程,进而以现场测井的温度数据作为边界条件,对泛定方程进行求解,最终得到渗漏通道的位置。计算结果和实测结果的对比表明,通过温度场反推渗漏通道参数的方法是可行的。  相似文献   

Digital Image Based Approach for Three-Dimensional Mechanical Analysis of Heterogeneous Rocks   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S. Chen  Z. Q. Yue  L. G. Tham 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2007,40(2):145-168

Summary This paper presents a digital image based approach for three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulation and failure analysis of rocks by taking into account the actual 3-D heterogeneity. Digital image techniques are adopted to extract two-dimensional (2-D) material heterogeneity from material surface images. The 2-D image mesostructures are further extrapolated to 3-D cuboid mesostructures by assuming the material surface as a representation of the inner material heterogeneity within a very small depth. The iterative milling and scanning system is set up to generate the 3-D rock mesostructures. A Hong Kong granite specimen is used as an example to demonstrate the procedure of 3-D mesostructure establishment. The mechanical responses and failure process under the conventional Brazilian tensile test condition are examined through numerical analyses. The stress distribution, crack propagation process and failure model of heterogeneous material cases are simulated with a finite difference software. The numerical results indicate that material heterogeneity plays an important role in determining the failure behavior of rocks under external loading.  相似文献   

一种研究城市化发展的新方法     

姜玲  黄家柱 《地理与地理信息科学》2007,23(4):107-109

以南京市1988年TM影像为信息源,组合影像4、5波段得到建筑用地指数(NDBI),采用决策树分类方法对NDBI进行修正,分类提取建筑用地;对照TM影像修改误分的地块后转化为栅格数据,生成50×50个像元大小的格网,统计每个格网单元内的建筑用地率,将该值赋给各个格网单元的几何中心点;采用距离倒数方法由点数据插值得出整个影像范围内的建筑用地区域分异情况,进而反映出不同建筑用地率的辐射影响范围。该方法可定量提取不同建筑用地率的辐射边界,有助于根据单张影像数据分析城市的扩张趋势,可在一定程度上预测城市的发展;对于需要跨江发展的城市(如南京),该方法可以辅助桥梁等过江通道的选址。  相似文献   

胶东山丘区典型流域径流年内分配特征量化研究     

刘德林  刘贤赵  李嘉竹  宿庆 《山地学报》2007,25(3):295-301

采用M ann-Kendall法和最小方差法,对大沽夹河流域1966~2004年逐月实测径流数据进行均值变点分析。根据分析结果,将径流划分为水文变化特征相似的A(1966~1971年)、B(1972~1981年)、C(1982~1996年)、D(1997~2004年)4个时段。在此基础上借鉴年降水年内分配的向量法,提出了量化径流年内分配的集中度和集中期。结果表明:1.大沽夹河的不同水文年,其径流年内分配的特征不同。时段A集中度最小,时段D最大,4个时段变差系数为0.12。时段A和时段C的集中期比较接近,最大径流出现的时间均在7月下旬,时段B和时段D的集中期比较相似,最大径流出现的时间在8月中下旬。径流年内分配与降水年内分配两者呈显著正相关。2.用月径流量计算的集中度比径流年内不均匀系数具有更高的分辨能力和有效性,用月径流量计算的集中期对应的月份与月径流最大值出现的实际月份完全一致,径流集中度、集中期能够充分定量地表征径流在年内分配的非均匀性。  相似文献   

Slowness-backazimuth weighted migration: A new array approach to a high-resolution image     

Tadashi Kito  reas Rietbrock  Christine Thomas 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,169(3):1201-1209

We have developed a new array method combining conventional migration with a slowness-backazimuth deviation weighting scheme. All seismic traces are shifted based on the theoretical traveltime of the scattered wave from specific gridpoints in a 3-D volume. Observed slowness and backazimuth are calculated for each raypath and compared with theoretical values in order to estimate slowness and backazimuth deviations. Subsequently, stacked energy calculated by a conventional migration method is weighted by the slowness and backazimuth deviations to suppress any arrival energy whose slowness and backazimuth are inconsistent with the expected theoretical values. This new method was applied to two P- wave data sets which comprise (1) underside reflections at the 410 and 660 km mantle discontinuities and (2) D" reflections as well as their corresponding synthetic data sets. The results show that the weighting scheme dramatically increases the resolution of the migrated images and enables us to obtain well-constrained, focused images, making upper-mantle discontinuities and D" reflections more distinct by reducing their surrounding energy.  相似文献   

Mantle lateral variations and elastogravitational deformations – II. Possible effects of a superplume on body tides     

L. Métivier  M. Greff-Lefftz  M. Diament 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,168(3):897-903

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Upper-mantle structure of the Baltic Shield below the Swedish National Seismological Network (SNSN) resolved by teleseismic tomography     

Tuna Eken  Z. Hossein Shomali  Roland Roberts  Reynir Bödvarsson 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,169(2):617-630

Upper-mantle structure under the Baltic Shield is studied using non-linear high resolution teleseismic P -phase tomography. Observed relative arrival-time residuals from 52 teleseismic earthquakes recorded by the Swedish National Seismological Network (SNSN) are inverted to delineate the structure of the upper mantle. The network consists of 47 (currently working) three-component broad-band stations located in an area about 450 km wide and 1450 km long. In order to reduce complications due to possible significant three-dimensionality of Earth structure, events chosen for this study lay close to in-line with the long-axis of the array  (±30°)  . Results indicate P -wave velocity perturbations of ±3 per cent down to at least 470 km below the network. The size of the array allows inversion for structures even at greater depths, and lateral variations of velocity at depths of up to 680 km appear to be resolved. Below the central part of the array (60°–64° N), where ray coverage is best, the data reveals a large region of relatively low velocity at depths of over about 300 km. At depths less than about 250–300 km, the models include a number of features, including an apparent slab-like structure dipping gently towards the north.  相似文献   

基于UML和面向对象方法的GIS应用模型设计与实现     

吴自兴  潘懋  丛威青  李光辉 《地理与地理信息科学》2007,23(3):38-41

应用分析模型是面向专业应用领域GIS的关键模块之一,其设计和实现应具备良好的可扩展性和可移植性,从而达到软件复用、降低系统维护成本的目标。采用面向对象方法,对辽宁省鞍山市地质灾害评价预警系统中地质灾害危险性区划分析模型模块进行分析和设计,提出分别封装表达地质灾害分析模型方法的抽象类(class CModel)、描述灾害评价因子的抽象类(class CFactor),以及描述灾害分析单元格的抽象类(class CGridLayer)的设计方案,达到模块划分的“高内聚、低耦合”要求,便于模块的修改和扩展。以描述单元格的抽象类(class CGridLayer)作为模块与GIS平台的中间层,面向模块屏蔽不同GIS平台的实现细节,使得模块具备良好的可移植性。最后,以MapGIS 6.5为平台,按上述设计方案构建鞍山市地质灾害评价预警系统并投入实际应用。  相似文献