Molecularly imprinted polymers for selective extraction of crystal violet from natural seawater coupled with high-performance liquid chromatographic determination     

LIAN Ziru  and WANG Jiangtao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(2):236-242

Molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs) were prepared by the bulk polymerization using crystal violet as the template molecule, and the methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimetheacrylate as functional monomer and cross-linker, respectively. Systematic investigations of synthetic conditions were conducted. The surface morphology and recognition mechanism of the obtained polymers were studied using scanning electron microscope and spectrophotometric analysis. MIPs showed high affinity to template molecule and were successfully applied as special solid-phase extraction sorbent for selective extraction of crystal violet from natural seawater. An off-line molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction(MISPE) method followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diodearray detection for the analysis of crystal violet was also established. MISPE columns have good recoveries for crystal violet standard solutions and good linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 0-200 μg L-1(R2 0.99). Finally, two natural seawater samples were investigated. The recoveries of spiked seawater on the MISPE columns were from 44.47% to 62.34%, the relative standard deviation(n=3) being in the range of 2.89%-5.96%.  相似文献   

四川盆地震旦系灯影组葡萄状白云岩成因   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张杰  Brian Jones  潘立银  周进高  秦玉娟  郝毅  武明德 《古地理学报》2014,16(5):715-725

四川盆地震旦系灯影组发育巨厚的白云岩,其中灯影组二段和四段发育大量具有各种形态的葡萄状白云岩,其直径最长可达75cm,有的平行于层面,有的穿层。剖面资料表明,葡萄状白云岩发育多期等厚环边胶结物,中部残留大量未充填的不规则洞穴,这成为与岩溶喀斯特作用相关的地下溶蚀作用的证据。围岩泥晶白云石为早期海水中原生结晶的产物,后来的胶结物可划分为4期: (1)自泥晶化白云石(部分样品中可见)作为最早的一期胶结物,由于各种生物化学作用和生物作用的影响而紧贴着围岩发育;(2)第2期胶结物纤维状白云石可能为海水中直接沉淀的产物,经历后期成岩作用后,具有完全有序的结构,晶胞参数接近理想值;(3)细—中晶白云石为第3期胶结物,包含纤维状白云石溶蚀残余,形成于构造抬升之后的近地表大气淡水环境;(4)第4期胶结物中—粗晶白云石为埋藏环境下直接结晶的产物,充填了孔洞中心,残留部分未充填孔洞。灯影组受到了岩溶喀斯特作用、胶结作用以及白云石化作用等成岩作用的影响,其中与葡萄状白云岩有关的岩溶喀斯特作用对于灯影组储集层的发育至关重要。对灯影组葡萄状白云岩的研究,不仅有助于深入探讨灯影组储集层成因和演化及灯影组白云岩的成因,而且有助于指导四川盆地前寒武系油气勘探。  相似文献   

胶西北新城金矿床硫同位素地球化学   总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2  

张潮  刘育  刘向东  冯建秋  黄涛  张庆  王旭东 《岩石学报》2014,30(9):2495-2506

新城金矿床是胶西北金矿集区中典型的破碎带蚀变岩型金矿床,其热液成矿作用可划分为四个阶段:黄铁矿-石英-绢云母阶段(I)、石英-黄铁矿阶段(II)、石英-多金属硫化物阶段(III)和石英-方解石阶段(IV),其中金主要赋存于II和III阶段的黄铁矿内。该矿床赋矿围岩为郭家岭岩体,岩性为石英二长岩和二长花岗岩,主要为胶东群变质基底经部分熔融形成。胶东群变粒岩硫同位素较为均一(δ34S值介于6.9‰~9.4‰,均值为8.0‰);郭家岭岩体的δ34S值介于6.0‰~16.0‰,均值为8.6‰,反映了其硫同位素组成总体上继承了变粒岩的硫同位素特征;长英质脉岩的δ34S值变化范围为0.8‰~8.5‰(均值为6.7‰),其中4件样品的δ34S值变化范围为7.4‰~8.5‰,反映了其硫主要源自于郭家岭岩体,变粒岩可能提供了部分硫源;而其中1件样品的δ34S值仅为0.8‰,符合岩浆硫来源特征,表明深部岩浆可能也提供了部分硫源。新城金矿床矿石中硫化物δ34S值变化范围较大(4.3‰~10.6‰,均值为8.3‰),表明矿石硫可能源于郭家岭岩体、变粒岩和长英质脉岩,最终主要来源于胶东群变质基底。I阶段黄铁矿颗粒较小(5~600μm),晶形主要为立方体,反映其处于温度较高(300~350℃)、成矿流体的过饱和度较低、低氧逸度和硫逸度、冷却快速、物质供应不足的成矿环境;黄铁矿δ34S值变化范围为8.4‰~10.6‰,均值为9.7‰,反映了矿石硫可能源自于δ34S值较高的郭家岭岩体和变粒岩。II和III阶段黄铁矿粒径变化较大(3μm~2.5mm),晶形主要为五角十二面体,反映其处于中-低温度(200~300℃)、成矿流体过饱和度高、高氧逸度和硫逸度、缓慢冷却同时物质供应充分的成矿环境。其中,II阶段黄铁矿δ34S值变化范围为7.7‰~9.7‰,均值为8.7‰,表明矿石硫源除郭家岭岩体和变粒岩外,δ34S值较低的长英质脉岩可能也提供了部分硫源。III阶段硫化物δ34S值变化范围较大(4.3‰~9.4‰,均值为7.1‰),闪锌矿-方铅矿硫同位素热力学平衡温度范围为180~282℃,氧逸度约为10-37.3~10-36.8,反映了矿石硫源自于郭家岭岩体、变粒岩和长英质脉岩,硫化物δ34S值变化范围较大可能是硫同位素分馏达到平衡的结果。IV阶段黄铁矿粒径最小(1~5μm),为晶形完好、表面光滑的立方体晶形,表明其处于较低温度(200℃),成矿流体的过饱和度较低、氧逸度和硫逸度较低、物质供应不足的成矿环境。  相似文献   

SCATTERING PHASE MATRICES OF ICE CRYSTALS WITH HEXAGONAL PRISM AND TRIANGULAR PYRAMID FORM—A VECTOR RAY TRACING METHOD          下载免费PDF全文

Cai Qiming  Yang Ping 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1991,5(4):515-526

The work presented previously by the authors(Cai and Liou,1982)has been extended in this paper.By making use of our improved model the calculations on scattering phase matrices of hexagonal prismice crystals(HPIC)have been conducted for monodisperse and polydisperse systems.Compared with themodel of Cai and Liou,the required computational quantity is decreased by about two orders of magni-tude and the errors of results are less for the new model.Meanwhile,the scattering phase matrices of triangularpyramid ice crystals(TPIC)are also computed in the paper,and the comparison between the scatterings of thetwo forms of ice crystals is performed.  相似文献   

Compositional Zoning of the Bishop Tuff   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

Hildreth  Wes; Wilson  Colin J. N. 《Journal of Petrology》2007,48(5):951-999

Compositional data for >400 pumice clasts, organized accordingto eruptive sequence, crystal content, and texture, providenew perspectives on eruption and pre-eruptive evolution of the>600 km³ of zoned rhyolitic magma ejected as the Bishop Tuffduring formation of Long Valley caldera. Proportions and compositionsof different pumice types are given for each ignimbrite packageand for the intercalated plinian pumice-fall layers that eruptedsynchronously. Although withdrawal of the zoned magma was lesssystematic than previously realized, the overall sequence displaystrends toward greater proportions of less evolved pumice, morecrystals (0·5–24 wt %), and higher FeTi-oxide temperatures(714–818°C). No significant hiatus took place duringthe 6 day eruption of the Bishop Tuff, nearly all of which issuedfrom an integrated, zoned, unitary reservoir. Shortly beforeeruption, however, the zoned melt-dominant portion of the chamberwas invaded by batches of disparate lower-silica rhyolite magma,poorer in crystals than most of the resident magma but slightlyhotter and richer in Ba, Sr, and Ti. Interaction with residentmagma at the deepest levels tapped promoted growth of Ti-richrims on quartz, Ba-rich rims on sanidine, and entrapment ofnear-rim melt inclusions relatively enriched in Ba and CO₂.Varied amounts of mingling, even in higher parts of the chamber,led to the dark gray and swirly crystal-poor pumices sparselypresent in all ash-flow packages. As shown by FeTi-oxide geothermometry,the zoned rhyolitic chamber was hottest where crystal-richest,rendering any model of solidification fronts at the walls orroof unlikely. The main compositional gradient (75–195ppm Rb; 0·8–2·2 ppm Ta; 71–154 ppmZr; 0·40–1·73% FeO*) existed in the melt,prior to crystallization of the phenocryst suite observed, whichincluded zircon as much as 100 kyr older than the eruption.The compositions of crystals, though themselves largely unzoned,generally reflect magma temperature and the bulk compositionalgradient, implying both that few crystals settled or were transportedfar and that the observed crystals contributed little to establishingthat gradient. Upward increases in aqueous gas and dissolvedwater, combined with the adiabatic gradient (for the 5 km depthrange tapped) and the roofward decline in liquidus temperatureof the zoned melt, prevented significant crystallization againstthe roof, consistent with dominance of crystal-poor magma earlyin the eruption and lack of any roof-rind fragments among theBishop ejecta, before or after onset of caldera collapse. Amodel of secular incremental zoning is advanced wherein numerousbatches of crystal-poor melt were released from a mush zone(many kilometers thick) that floored the accumulating rhyoliticmelt-rich body. Each batch rose to its own appropriate levelin the melt-buoyancy gradient, which was self-sustaining againstwholesale convective re-homogenization, while the thick mushzone below buffered it against disruption by the deeper (non-rhyolitic)recharge that augmented the mush zone and thermally sustainedthe whole magma chamber. Crystal–melt fractionation wasthe dominant zoning process, but it took place not principallyin the shallow melt-rich body but mostly in the pluton-scalemush zone before and during batchwise melt extraction. KEY WORDS: Bishop Tuff; ignimbrite; magma zonation; mush model; rhyolite  相似文献   

The Upper Crustal Evolution of a Large Silicic Magma Body: Evidence from Crystal-scale Rb Sr Isotopic Heterogeneities in the Fish Canyon Magmatic System, Colorado   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Charlier  B. L. A.; Bachmann  O.; Davidson  J. P.; Dungan  M. A.; Morgan  D. J. 《Journal of Petrology》2007,48(10):1875-1894

Batholith-sized bodies of crystal-rich magmatic ‘mush’are widely inferred to represent the hidden sources of manylarge-volume high-silica rhyolite eruptive units. Occasionallythese mush bodies are ejected along with their trapped interstitialliquid, forming the distinctive crystal-rich ignimbrites knownas ‘monotonous intermediates’. These ignimbritesare notable for their combination of high crystal contents (35–55%),dacitic bulk compositions with interstitial high-silica rhyoliticglass, and general lack of compositional zonation. The 5000km³ Fish Canyon Tuff is an archetypal eruption deposit of thistype, and is the largest known silicic eruption on Earth. Ejectafrom the Fish Canyon magmatic system are notable for the limitedcompositional variation that they define on the basis of whole-rockchemistry, whereas 45 vol. % crystals in a matrix of high-silicarhyolite glass together span a large range of mineral-scaleisotopic variability (microns to millimetres). Rb/Sr isotopicanalyses of single crystals (sanidine, plagioclase, biotite,hornblende, apatite, titanite) and sampling by micromillingof selected zones within glass plus sanidine and plagioclasecrystals document widespread isotopic disequilibrium at manyscales. High and variable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i values for euhedral biotitegrains cannot be explained by any model involving closed-systemradiogenic ingrowth, and they are difficult to rationalize unlessmuch of this radiogenic Sr has been introduced at a late stagevia assimilation of local Proterozoic crust. Hornblende is theonly phase that approaches isotopic equilibrium with the surroundingmelt, but the melt (glass) was isotopically heterogeneous atthe millimetre scale, and was therefore apparently contaminatedwith radiogenic Sr shortly prior to eruption. The other mineralphases (plagioclase, sanidine, titanite, and apatite) have significantlylower ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i values than whole-rock values (as much as –0·0005).Such isotopic disequilibrium implies that feldspars, titaniteand apatite are antecrysts that crystallized from less radiogenicmelt compositions at earlier stages of magma evolution, whereashighly radiogenic biotite xenocrysts and the development ofisotopic heterogeneity in matrix melt glass appear to coincidewith the final stage of the evolution of the Fish Canyon magmabody in the upper crust. Integrated petrographic and geochemicalevidence is consistent with pre-eruptive thermal rejuvenationof a near-solidus mineral assemblage from 720 to 760°C (i.e.partial dissolution of feldspars + quartz while hornblende +titanite + biotite were crystallizing). Assimilation and blendingof phenocrysts, antecrysts and xenocrysts reflects chamber-wide,low Reynolds number convection that occurred within the last10 000 years before eruption. KEY WORDS: Fish Canyon Tuff; Rb–Sr isotopes; microsampling; magmatic processes; crystal mush  相似文献   

High-pressure X-ray and Raman study of a ferrian magnesian spodumene     

G. Diego Gatta  Tiziana Boffa Ballaran  Gianluca Iezzi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2005,32(2):132-139

The high-pressure behaviour of a synthetic P2₁/c ferrian magnesian spodumene, ^M2 (Li_0.85Mg_0.09Fe²⁺ _0.06)^M1(Fe³⁺ _0.85Mg_0.15)Si₂O₆, has been investigated using in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. No phase transition has been observed within the pressure range investigated. The isothermal equation of state up to 7 GPa was determined. V₀, K_T0 and K, simultaneously refined with a Murnaghan equation of state, are: V₀= 415.66(7) ų, K_T0=83(1) GPa and K=9.6(6). The magnitudes of the principal unit-strain coefficients were calculated and their ratios 1:2:3=1.00:1.85:2.81 at P=6.83 GPa indicate a very strong anisotropy. Monitoring of the intensity of b-type reflections (h+k= 2n+1) confirms that from room conditions up to 7 GPa the primitive lattice is maintained. Raman spectra have been collected up to 7.4 GPa. No change in the number of observed vibrational modes occurs in the pressure range investigated. At high frequency, the Raman doublet relative to the Si–O–Si vibrations of the two distinct tetrahedral chains is a broad band at room pressure, however, the frequency difference between the two modes increases with increasing pressure.Operating system: Windows NT  相似文献   

The crystal structure of (Fe<Subscript>4</Subscript>Cr<Subscript>4</Subscript>Ni)<Subscript>9</Subscript>C<Subscript>4</Subscript>     

Nicheng?ShiEmail author  Zhesheng?Ma  Ming?Xiong  Mingquan?Dai  Wenji?Bai  Qingsong?Fang  Binggang?Yan  Jingsui?Yang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(3):338-345

(Fe4Cr4Ni)9C4 is a metal carbide mineral formed by combination of Fe, Cr and Ni with C. It occurs in a chromite deposit in the Luobusha ophiolite, Tibet. Based on the determination of its crystal structure, the empirical formula is (Fe4.12Cr3.84Ni0.96)8.92C3.70 and the simplified formula is (Fe4Cr4Ni)4C9. The mineral is hexagonal with a = 1.38392(2) nm, c = 0.44690(9) nm, pace group P63 m c, Z=6 and the calculated specific gravity Dx = 7.089 g/cm3. Fe, Cr and Ni occupy different crystallographic sites and their coordination numbers are approximately 12, forming an alternate stacking sequence of flat and puckered layers along the c axis. Some metallic atoms have a defect structure. The interatomic distances of Fe, Cr and Ni are 0.2525-0.2666 nm, and the distances between Fe, Cr, Ni and C are 0.1893-0.2169 nm. The coordination number of carbon is 6. It occurs in interstices of the metallic atoms Fe, Cr and Ni to form trigonalprismatically coordinated polyhedra. These coordination polyhedra are linked with each other via shared corners or shared edges into a new type of metal carbide structure.  相似文献   

Geometric selection in two-dimensional crystal aggregates     

Norman H. Gray 《Mathematical Geology》1984,16(1):91-100

The simultaneous growth of randomly oriented crystals nucleated at a surface rapidly produces a coarsely crystalline radial or columnar aggregate possessing a strong preferred shape and lattice orientation. Such textures are common in natural crystalline aggregates and are considered to arise because those crystals having their fastest growth direction normal to the initial substrate outdistance and eventually eliminate their less favorably oriented neighbors. In its simplest form the process of elimination is a purely geometric phenomenon. Detailed analysis and computer simulation of textural changes accompanying geometric selection in random two dimensional needlelike crystal aggregates demonstrate that selection initially proceeds exceedingly rapidly but slows drastically once roughly 90 percent of the crystals originally present are eliminated. Subsequent decrease in crystal density is inversely proportional to the square root of the distance from the initial substrate. Increases in crystal size larger than one or two orders of magnitude are thus unlikely to arise in natural crystalline aggregates in which only simple geometric selection is involved.  相似文献   

New data of typomorphic features of diamonds from placers in North Timan     

G. K. Khachatryan  M. B. Kopchikov  V. K. Garanin  M. V. Chukichev  N. N. Golovin 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2009,64(2):102-110

The morphological and spectral-optical properties of diamond crystals from placers in North Timan rivers have been studied with IR-spectroscopy and cathode luminescence methods. As a result, correlation between external characteristics of diamonds (size and degree of mechanical damage) and number of optically active centers has been revealed. The habit and the type of distribution of structural defects in diamond crystals studied are comparable with those in diamonds from the Archangelsk Region and North Timan’s placers. Based on the obtained data, origin issues and possible primary sources of diamonds from North Timan’s placers are discussed.  相似文献