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1.
湘南宝山铅锌银矿床硫同位素的地球化学特征及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
成矿热液的总硫同位素组成(ΣS)可以更加准确地反映成矿流体中硫的来源。本文通过对湖南宝山矿床硫同位素以及总硫同位素的研究发现,金属硫化物样品的δ~(34)S值绝大多数为正值,变化区间为6.40‰~6.91‰,一般为-6.40‰~5.29‰,均值为2.22‰,其中黄铁矿δ~(34)S变化范围为-1‰~4.61‰,均值为2.92‰;方铅矿δ~(34)S变化范围为-0.80‰~1.70‰,均值为0.53‰;闪锌矿δ~(34)S变化范围为1.80‰~4.31‰,均值为2.69‰。具有集中的δ~(34)S值分布以及单一的峰值,表明硫的来源比较单一,具有岩浆硫特点,同位素组成具有δ~(34)S_(黄铁矿)δ~(34)S_(闪锌矿)δ~(34)S方铅矿的特征,证明成矿物质沉淀时基本达到了硫同位素分馏平衡。通过总硫同位素的分析,得出高温与低温两组数据,通过Pinckney图解计算获得中低温阶段的δ~(34)S_(ΣS)为1.28‰,高温阶段的δ~(34)S_(ΣS)为1.68‰。表明成矿流体的硫同位素组成变化很小,仅有0.4‰,且其总硫同位素组成为1.78‰,均显示矿床成矿流体具有地幔硫的特点,表明矿床中的硫可能来自地幔。 相似文献
2.
西秦岭阳山金矿带硫同位素特征:成矿环境与物质来源约束 总被引：13，自引：9，他引：4
阳山金矿带成岩期的黄铁矿主要为立方体-他形,反映出一种较低温度(<200℃)、成岩流体的过饱和度低、快速冷却、氧逸度和硫逸度低、物质供应不足的成岩条件,δ34S值变化范围较大(-4.2‰～12.5‰),反映了硫源自于泥盆系地层,其中灰岩中黄铁矿硫源自于海水中硫酸根离子的还原作用,千枚岩中黄铁矿经历了细菌还原作用。成矿期黄铁矿具有多种晶形,但立方体单晶较少,指示成矿系统处于中-低温(200～300℃)、成矿流体的过饱和度高、缓慢冷却、氧逸度和硫逸度高、物质供应充分的成矿有利条件。成矿早阶段和主阶段硫化物的δ34S值变化范围为-4.2‰～3‰,接近于岩浆硫范围,其中成矿主阶段的黄铁矿以五角十二面体、八面体和立方体形成的聚形更常见,且聚形黄铁矿的硫同位素值变化范围更窄(-2.1‰～1.2‰),更符合岩浆硫来源特征;成矿晚阶段辉锑矿的δ34S值变化范围为-6.6‰～-4.5‰,而与其共生的黄铁矿δ34S值分别是7.6‰和-12.1‰,反映晚阶段除岩浆岩硫源外,浅变质的泥盆系地层也提供了部分硫源。 相似文献
3.
滇黔桂地区位于扬子板块西南缘,是我国重要的卡林型(微细浸染型)金矿集中区之一,区内弥勒-师宗、南盘江、富宁等深大断裂等控制了区域构造变形的发生和发展以及矿床的分布。该金三角内的老寨湾金矿床是目前在云南境内发现的唯一一处大型卡林型金矿床,已探明储量31.40t,具有矿石物质组成简单、金微细浸染分布、品位低、储量大的特点。该矿床目前划分为袁家坪矿段、椿树湾矿段和老鹰山矿段三个矿段,矿体的产出主要受不整合面和构造的双重控制。赋矿地层主要是加里东不整合面之上的下泥盆统坡松冲组的灰色、灰白色及褐黄色厚层块状细粒石英砂岩。最大的V3矿体分布在椿树湾矿段,后期辉绿岩脉沿着北西向的F7断层侵入,紧邻脉岩的矿体金品位明显增高。热液成矿过程可以划分为早、中、晚三个阶段,分别以石英-黄铁矿、石英-黄铁矿-绢云母、辉锑矿-方解石为典型矿物组合特征。论文对脉石矿物和流体包裹体开展了H-O同位素研究,对不同阶段的矿石矿物开展了S-Pb同位素研究。成矿流体的δDH2O值介于为-109‰~-93‰,而不同成矿阶段流体的δ18OH2O值略有变化,早阶段3个硅化的石英砂岩中的δ18OH2O值变化于7.8‰~9.2‰,中阶段流体的δ18O值=5.9‰~7.0‰,晚阶段δ18OH2O值为2.70‰,在投影图中位于不同的区域内,表明早阶段成矿热液来源于区域变质水和/或部分地层建造水,主成矿阶段岩浆流体的参与对局部的金矿化富集起到了重要作用,在成矿晚期有大气降水的参与。不同阶段、不同类型矿石或蚀变岩中硫化物δ34S值变化范围较大(2.096‰~32.289‰),早阶段蚀变岩中的2个黄铁矿样品的δ34S值为6.115‰和6.412‰;晚阶段的5个辉锑矿的δ34S值集中在2.096‰~4.691‰;而中阶段的不同矿石中黄铁矿的硫同位素变化较大;暗示了硫的多来源特征。但总体上矿石硫同位素组成以正值为主,硫化物δ34S峰值集中在2‰~8‰。矿石铅同位素组成分别为:206Pb/204Pb为18.178~18.992,207Pb/204Pb为15.635~15.774,208Pb/204Pb变化于38.456~39.051,相对富集放射成因铅。硫铅同位素综合分析表明老寨湾金矿床的成矿物质具有双重来源的特点:区内的沉积碎屑岩及岩浆活动共同提供了必要的成矿物质。辉绿岩中的石英的热活化ESR测年结果为64.8±6.5Ma,结合矿体产出特征,认为老寨湾金矿的主成矿作用发生在燕山晚期-喜马拉雅期;矿床的形成经历了早泥盆世的初始富集、燕山晚期-喜山期变质/岩浆热液对成矿物质的萃取、迁移和富集成矿以及成矿后的氧化富集等过程。 相似文献
4.
龙头沟矿床是南秦岭柞水-山阳矿集区内新发现的中型金矿床。本文以矿床中的黄铁矿及黄铜矿为研究对象,在详细的室内、外研究的基础上,采用LA-ICPMS和LA-MC-ICPMS测试方法对成矿期不同阶段的硫化物进行微量元素及硫同位素成分研究。结果表明,黄铁矿Co含量为(0.33～183.93)×10~(-6),Co/Ni比值介于0.035～1.9之间,且Co/Ni比值多小于1,表明黄铁矿可能形成于中低温环境,多具有沉积成因和沉积改造成因微量元素特征,黄铁矿中Au的富集可能与中低温多期岩浆热液活动有关。第Ⅰ阶段硫化物的δ~(34)S值变化范围为0.1‰～3.74‰,均值为1.71‰,显示出幔源硫特征;而第Ⅱ阶段的δ~(34)S=-13.99‰～13.35‰,均值为2.17‰,介于0±3‰之间,显示该阶段可能是幔源与赋矿围岩发生水岩反应;第Ⅲ阶段δ~(34)S=7.44‰～14.72‰,低于围岩(δ~(34)S=18.14‰～20.54‰),显示该阶段可能有地层硫参与,是上升的成矿流体与赋矿围岩发生水岩反应,硫同位素特征指示硫可能由幔源和赋矿围岩混合而成。 相似文献
5.
新城金矿是胶东金矿集区招远—莱州成矿带的一个"焦家式"蚀变型金矿床。本文主要通过C、H、O、S、Pb同位素研究,对新城金矿成矿流体、物质来源和成矿作用进行探讨和研究。新城金矿矿石中δD值范围为-116‰~-91‰,δ18O水值范围为3.8‰~7.2‰,表明成矿流体早期来源于岩浆水,成矿晚期混入大气降水。矿石硫化物、郭家岭花岗闪长岩、玲珑花岗岩和胶东群δ34S平均值分为7.9‰、6.5‰、8.5‰和6.2‰,认为矿石硫具有对矿区地层及岩浆岩硫的继承性。硫化物矿石206Pb/204Pb=17.115~17.414,207Pb/204Pb=15.460~15.577,208Pb/204Pb=37.912~38.196,显示铅具有壳幔混合来源的特征。碳、氢、氧、硫、铅同位素反映新城金矿成矿物质和流体主要来源于深部岩浆。 相似文献
6.
滇西镇康水头山Pb-Zn矿床成矿流体及矿质来源探讨——H、O、S、Pb同位素地球化学证据 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
滇西镇康水头山Pb-Zn矿床是保山地块镇康Pb-Zn-Fe-Cu多金属矿集区内又一重要找矿成果。矿体呈似层状、透镜状产于上寒武统保山组大理岩化灰岩中,呈NEE向顺层产出,矿石矿物主要为闪锌矿和方铅矿,偶见黄铜矿和黄铁矿等;脉石矿物主要有白云石、绿泥石、方解石、石英和绢云母等。本文基于对矿床地质特征的详细研究,结合矿床H、O、S、Pb同位素组成,对其成矿流体和矿质来源进行了探讨,同时与毗邻的芦子园超大型Pb-Zn-Fe-Cu多金属矿床进行了对比。研究表明:该矿床石英的δD值介于-101.1‰~-93.3‰之间,均值为-96.85‰(n=4),δ~(18)O_(H_2O)值为3.37‰~3.77‰之间,均值为3.57‰(n=4),表明成矿流体早期以原生岩浆水为主,有大气降水的混入。矿床金属硫化物的δ~(34)S值均为正值,介于4.1‰~12.2‰,均值为8.23‰(n=10),与旁侧的芦子园矿床δ~(34)S值(8.9‰~12‰)较为接近。该矿床可划分出三个成矿阶段,阶段Ⅱ为以闪锌矿和方铅矿为主的主要成矿阶段(δ~(34)S主要集中在4.1‰~6.2‰之间),其δ~(34)S均值可近似代表成矿热液中的δ~(34)S∑S值,即δ~(34)S∑S≈δ~(34)S均值=6.56‰(n=7),闪锌矿和方铅矿δ~(34)S值有部分重叠,但总体上具有δ~(34)S闪锌矿δ~(34)S方铅矿以及不同颜色闪锌矿之间δ~(34)S深棕色闪锌矿δ~(34)S棕褐色闪锌矿δ~(34)S浅棕色闪锌矿的分布特征,暗示硫同位素在硫化物间的分馏达到平衡,表明S同位素组成较为稳定,显示水头山矿床具有深部壳源岩浆成因的特征。矿床金属硫化物的Pb同位素分析显示,Pb同位素组成非常集中(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.3408~18.4483,均值为18.3815,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.8337~15.9440,均值为15.8745,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.8224~39.4391,均值为38.9941,n=10),投点主要分布在上地壳演化线上方,表明其Pb主要来自于以岩浆作用为主的上地壳物质。本文认为矿区深部壳源岩浆热液是水头山矿床最重要的成矿流体与矿质来源,流体的混合作用是矿床金属元素沉淀和富集的重要机制,矿床具有低温、后生成矿特征,推测矿床的形成与燕山晚期的岩浆热液作用有关。 相似文献
7.
《地质与勘探》2015,(1)
新城金矿是胶东金矿集区招远—莱州成矿带的一个"焦家式"蚀变型金矿床。本文主要通过C、H、O、S、Pb同位素研究,对新城金矿成矿流体、物质来源和成矿作用进行探讨和研究。新城金矿矿石中δD值范围为-116‰~-91‰,δ18O水值范围为3.8‰~7.2‰,表明成矿流体早期来源于岩浆水,成矿晚期混入大气降水。矿石硫化物、郭家岭花岗闪长岩、玲珑花岗岩和胶东群δ34S平均值分为7.9‰、6.5‰、8.5‰和6.2‰,认为矿石硫具有对矿区地层及岩浆岩硫的继承性。硫化物矿石206Pb/204Pb=17.115~17.414,207Pb/204Pb=15.460~15.577,208Pb/204Pb=37.912~38.196,显示铅具有壳幔混合来源的特征。碳、氢、氧、硫、铅同位素反映新城金矿成矿物质和流体主要来源于深部岩浆。 相似文献
8.
硫同位素示踪是矿床研究的重要手段之一,它在示踪成矿物质来源方面具有极其重要的作用。由于阳山金矿床的载金黄铁矿普遍发育环带结构,显示多期热液活动的特点,而前人研究往往得到整颗粒黄铁矿硫同位素的混和值,因而无法将不同阶段的硫同位素来源区分清楚。本次研究采用纳米二次离子质谱分析技术(NanoSIMS)对不同阶段的黄铁矿的不同部位进行了原位硫同位素分析。结果表明,斜长花岗斑岩脉中载金黄铁矿的硫同位素分布基本表现为核部高、环带低的特点,其中,黄铁矿核部的δ34S值为0~1.3‰,显示硫来自于深源岩浆,而环带的δ34S值为-4.5‰~-1.3‰,表明成矿过程中的硫主要来源于岩浆硫,同时可能还有部分沉积硫的混入;千枚岩中草莓状黄铁矿和自形黄铁矿核部的δ34S值均较低(平均值分别为-22.2‰和-26.5‰),显示细菌还原海水硫酸盐过程所产生的硫同位素特征,而自形黄铁矿环带的δ34S值为-5.1‰~1.3‰,同样显示硫来源于岩浆硫与一定程度沉积硫的混合。笔者综合研究区内岩浆活动与成矿的关系后认为,岩浆活动与成矿关系密切,岩浆活动的频发不仅为流体运移提供了足够的热源,同时还带来了丰富的成矿物质。 相似文献
9.
八卦庙金矿床位于秦岭造山带凤太铅锌多金属矿田北部,是陕西省规模较大的金矿床之一,已探明金储量约106 t.赋矿围岩是上泥盆统星红铺组浅变质泥质碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩,其成矿过程可划分为3期,分别是①顺层磁黄铁矿-石英成矿期;②NE向黄铁矿-石英成矿期;③裂隙硫化物-方解石成矿期.目前关于NE向黄铁矿-石英成矿期成矿物质来源和成矿机制仍存在争议.本文通过矿相学观察,将NE向黄铁矿-石英成矿期划分为自形磁黄铁矿-黄铁矿-粗粒石英阶段(Ⅰ)、他形黄铁矿-银金矿-细粒石英阶段(Ⅱ)、他形磁黄铁矿-自然金-方解石阶段(Ⅲ)和黑云母阶段(IV),并在此基础上采用激光剥蚀-多接收等离子体质谱(LA-MC-ICP-MS)分析方法对千枚岩围岩中以及不同阶段形成的硫化物进行了原位S同位素测试,结果显示围岩中原生磁黄铁矿的δ34 S值集中于11.6‰～13.0‰之间,介于前人报道的原生黄铁矿δ34 S值变化范围(3.3‰～16.0‰);阶段I形成的黄铁矿的δ34 S值为8.4‰～10.1‰,磁黄铁矿为7.6‰～8.0‰;阶段II黄铁矿的δ34 S值相对较高,为14.0‰～15.9‰;阶段Ⅲ磁黄铁矿的δ34 S值介于6.4‰～8.3‰之间.八卦庙金矿NE向黄铁矿-石英成矿期总体相对富集重硫同位素、离散程度较大,各阶段硫化物的硫同位素值介于矿集区花岗岩和围岩硫之间,显示其具有岩浆硫与地层硫混合的特征.结合阶段I到阶段Ⅲ矿物组合的变化(黄铁矿+磁黄铁矿→黄铁矿→磁黄铁矿),推断阶段IIδ34 S值增高是水岩反应引起的硫化作用所致,而阶段Ⅲ硫同位素值降低可能与岩浆水的加入密切相关.结合成矿物理化学条件,推断该成矿期成矿热液中金主要以Au(HS)2-的形式迁移,阶段I到阶段Ⅱ由水岩反应引起的硫化作用是导致他形黄铁矿-银金矿-细粒石英阶段(Ⅱ)金矿化的主要原因,而岩浆水的混入可能是导致他形磁黄铁矿-自然金-方解石阶段(Ⅲ)金沉淀的主要机理. 相似文献
10.
湘东北七宝山铜多金属矿床成矿时代及成矿物质来源——石英脉Rb-Sr定年和S-Pb同位素组成 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
湘东北七宝山铜多金属矿床位于钦杭成矿带西段,是湘东北规模最大的铜多金属矿床。对七宝山矿床含矿石英脉中的石英矿物进行Rb-Sr同位素年龄测定,获得的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为153.4±2.0Ma(MSWD=1.8),~(87)Sr~(86)Sr初始值为0.71849±0.00026,与区内石英斑岩形成年龄(153~155Ma)相同,说明七宝山铜多金属矿床成因与石英斑岩体密不可分,成岩成矿年龄均在燕山期。为分析七宝山矿床成矿物质来源,对矿区内的黄铁矿进行了S、Pb同位素分析,矿石δ~(34)S为3.24‰~4.84‰,平均值为4.198‰;岩体δ~(34)S为2.22‰~3.86‰,平均值为2.805‰。δ~(34)S值总体变化较小,岩体δ~(34)S值较矿石小,更趋近于0值,说明岩体中硫极可能源于地幔;而矿床中硫来源于主体地幔硫和少量地壳硫混熔的混合硫源。Pb同位素变化范围也较小,矿石206Pb/~(204)Pb值变化范围为18.315~18.396,平均值为18.359;~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb值变化范围为15.629~15.737,平均值为15.675;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb值变化范围为38.376~38.856,平均值为38.609。矿化岩体数值与之相似,结果显示,七宝山铜多金属矿床的Pb同位素组成具有下地壳富钍(铅)贫铀(铅)的特点。据此提出,矿床的成矿物质主要来自与含矿斑岩体有联系的深部岩浆分异演化而析出的含矿气-液流体。含矿斑岩体定位-结晶时,通过对周围受热地下水的对流循环作用,可以从围岩中萃取少量成矿物质加入成矿作用。 相似文献
11.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
12.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
13.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
14.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献
15.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
16.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2. 相似文献
20.
The Samchampi-Samteran alkaline igneous complex (SAC) is a near circular, plug-like body approximately 12 km2 area and is emplaced into the Precambrian gneissic terrain of the Karbi Anglong district of Assam. The host rocks, which
are exposed in immediate vicinity of the intrusion, comprise granite gneiss, migmatite, granodiorite, amphibolite, pegmatite
and quartz veins.
The SAC is composed of a wide variety of lithologies identified as syenitic fenite, magnetite ± perovskite ± apatite rock,
alkali pyroxenite, ijolite-melteigite, carbonatite, nepheline syenite with leucocratic and mesocratic variants, phonolite,
volcanic tuff, phosphatic rock and chert breccia.
The magnetite ± perovskite ± apatite rock was generated as a cumulus phase owing to the partitioning of Ti, Fe at a shallow
level magma chamber (not evolved DI = O1). The highly alkaline hydrous fluid activity indicated by the presence of strongly
alkalic minerals in carbonatites and associated alkaline rocks suggests that the composition of original melt was more alkalic
than those now found and represent a silica undersaturated ultramafic rock of carbonated olivine-poor nephelinite which splits
with falling temperature into two immiscible fractions—one ultimately crystallises as alkali pyroxenite/ijolite and the other
as carbonatite. The spatial distribution of varied lithotypes of SAC and their genetic relationships suggests that the silicate
and carbonate melts, produced through liquid immiscibility, during ascent generated into an array of lithotypes and also reaction
with the country rocks by alkali emanations produced fenitic aureoles (nephelinisation process). Isotopic studies (δ18O and δ13C) on carbonatites of Samchampi have indicated that the δ13C of the source magma is related to contamination from recycled carbon. 相似文献