Temporal behavior of the background seismicity rate in central Japan, 1998 to mid-2003   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yoshiki Tsukakoshi  Kunihiko Shimazaki 《Tectonophysics》2006,417(1-2):155

We studied the temporal behavior of the background shallow seismicity rate in 700 circular areas across inland Japan. To search for and test the significance of the possible rate changes in background seismicity, we developed an efficient computational method that applies the space–time ETAS model proposed by Ogata in 1998 to the areas. Also, we conducted Monte Carlo tests using a simulated catalog to validate the model we applied. Our first finding was that the activation anomalies were found so frequently that the constant background seismicity hypothesis may not be appropriate and/or the triggered event model with constraints on the parameters may not adequately describe the observed seismicity. However, quiescence occasionally occurs merely by chance. Another outcome of our study was that we could automatically find several anomalous background seismicity rate changes associated with the occurrence of large earthquakes. Very significant seismic activation was found before the M6.1 Mt. Iwate earthquake of 1998. Also, possible seismic quiescence was found in an area 150 km southwest of the focal region of the M7.3 Western Tottori earthquake of 2000. The seismicity rate in the area recovered after the mainshock.  相似文献   

爆破夯实技术在水下地基处理中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

张维正 《探矿工程》2006,33(10):60-62

以某杂货码头和集装箱重力式码头水下地基处理工程为例，介绍了其地基处理的爆夯试验过程，得出了一次性爆破夯实厚层块石抛石基床的爆夯参数，并对其施工过程进行了监测。总结了类似工程施工的经验与教训。  相似文献   

Up-temperature flow of surface-derived fluids in the mid-crust: the role of pre-orogenic burial of hydrated fault rocks   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. CLARK  M.  HAND  K.  FAURE  A. SCHMIDT MUMM 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2006,24(5):367-387

The Walter‐Outalpa shear zone in the southern Curnamona Province of NE South Australia is an example of a shear zone that has undergone intensely focused fluid flow and alteration at mid‐crustal depths. Results from this study have demonstrated that the intense deformation and ductile shear zone reactivation, at amphibolite facies conditions of 534 ± 20 °C and 500 ± 82 MPa, that overprint the Proterozoic Willyama Supergroup occurred during the Delamerian Orogeny (c. 500 Ma) (EPMA monazite ages of 501 ± 16 and 491 ± 19 Ma). This is in contrast to the general belief that the majority of basement deformation and alteration in the southern Curnamona Province occurred during the waning stages of the Olarian Orogeny (c. 1610–1580 Ma). These shear zones contain hydrous mineral assemblages that cut wall rocks that have experienced amphibolite facies metamorphism during the Olarian Orogeny. The shear zone rock volumes have much lower δ¹⁸O values (as low as 1‰) than their unsheared counterparts (7–9‰), and calculated fluid δ¹⁸O values (5–8‰) consistent with a surface‐derived fluid source. Hydrous minerals show a decrease in δD_(H2O) from ?14 to ?22‰, for minerals outside the shear zones, to ?28 to ?40‰, for minerals within the shear zones consistent with a contribution from a meteoric source. It is unclear how near‐surface fluids initially under hydrostatic pressure penetrate into the middle crust where fluid pressures approach lithostatic, and where fluid flow is expected to be dominantly upward because of pressure gradients. We propose a mechanism whereby faulting during basin formation associated with the Adelaidean Rift Complex (c. 700 Ma) created broad hydrous zones containing mineral assemblages in equilibrium with surface waters. These panels of fault rock were subsequently buried to depths where the onset of metamorphism begins to dehydrate the fault rock volumes evolving a low δ¹⁸O fluid that is channelled through shear zones related to Delamerian Orogenic activity.  相似文献   

我国入境旅游和经济增长关系分析   总被引：37，自引：0，他引：37  

庞丽  王铮  刘清春 《地域研究与开发》2006,25(3):51-55,128

文章分析了入境旅游发展的区域差异，并用Granger因果检验来考察入境旅游和各区域经济增长之间是否存在相应的因果关系，Granger因果检验的结果表明在东部地区，入境旅游和经济增长存在单向因果关系。东部地区的入境旅游对区域的经济增长产生显著影响。但是全国和中西部地区的入境旅游与经济增长之间不存在显著的因果关系。类似地，东部地区入境旅游增长是其第三产业增长的Granger原因。但是全国和中西部地区的入境旅游和相应区域第三产业的增长并不存在显著的因果关系。在区域层面上。只有少数区域支持入境旅游是区域GDP增长的Granger原因，它们是东部地区的北京、广东、上海、天津、福建、江苏、浙江、海南和广西；中部地区的黑龙江和湖南以及西部地区的云南和陕西。在这些省区市。入境旅游对区域经济增长产生显著的影响。但总体而言，入境旅游在我国还没有足够的发展。  相似文献   

近几十年我国极端气温变化特征分区方法探讨   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

刘吉峰  李世杰  丁裕国  姚书春 《山地学报》2006,24(3):291-297

采用聚类统计检验分析和旋转主分量分析相结合确定中心站的方法,利用我国多年极端气温资料,对我国最高和最低气温年际变化型态进行区划。结果表明,这两种方法结合可以互相补充,使分区结果更具客观性。中国极端高温和极端低温年际变化分别可划为12和11个不同类型的区域,分别计算了各区域第一主成分的方差贡献率以及各区域之间的两两相关系数,检验证明分区是合理的。  相似文献   

Effect of a submerged bay-mouth breakwater on tsunami behavior analyzed by 2D/3D hybrid model simulation     

Koji Fujima 《Natural Hazards》2006,39(2):179-193

The hybrid numerical model had been developed to simulate a complicated 3D flow around structures generated by tsunami. In the model, the conventional 2D model is adopted for the wide region far from structures and the 3D non-hydrostatic pressure model is used in the limited region adjacent to structures. The applicability of the model is shown by comparisons of the numerical results with the experimental results of the laboratory model tests and the numerical analysis results of the conventional whole 2D simulation. In addition, the effect of a submerged structure at the opening of a breakwater is discussed from the numerical simulations by the hybrid model. The submerged structure improves the stability of the rubble mound and reduces the tsunami inflow into the bay, while it increases the water surface velocity around the opening of the breakwater. The increase of surface velocity causes the increases of impulsive forces by collision with drafts and so on.  相似文献   

Assessment of Marine Clay Improvement Under Reclamation Fills by in-situ Testing Methods     

A. Arulrajah  H. Nikraz  M. W. Bo 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(2):219-226

In ground improvement projects with prefabricated vertical drains, the duration of the preloading period is set in advance based on the predetermined time rate of consolidation of the compressible layer. If prediction is accurately done, the required degree of consolidation is met at the pre-determined preloading time. As such, there is a requirement for in-situ tests to be carried out just prior to the removal of surcharge to assess the degree of consolidation of the improved ground. In-situ tests were carried out after 23 months of surcharge loading at the In-Situ Test Site within the Changi East Reclamation Project in the Republic of Singapore. In-situ testing works in this research study comprises the use of field vane shear, piezocone, flat dilatometer and self-boring pressuremeter. The in-situ tests were carried out to determine the shear strength and degree of consolidation of the Singapore marine clay at Changi after 23 months of surcharge loading. The In-Situ Test Site consisted of a Vertical Drain Area as well as an untreated Control Area. Both areas were located adjacent to each other and were surcharged simultaneously to the same level and surcharge left in place for a period of 23 months. Comparison was made between the in-situ test results of the Vertical Drain Area and the untreated Control Area.  相似文献   

Experimental and numerical studies of rock salt strain hardening     

M. Hamami 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(5):1271-1292

The work presented in this paper comes as part of a research program dealing with the thermomechanical behaviour of rock salt. It aims to study laboratory and in-situ long-term behaviour by means of creep tests with deviator and temperature changes. The laboratory results, using a triaxial multi-stages creep tests, highlighted the strain hardening character of rock salt. Furthermore, the in-situ results, using a borehole dilatometer multi-step creep test, have shown that the drilling is carried out in a weakly stressed pillar. The interpretation of the laboratory results, using the J.LEMAITRE law, did not indicate full agreement with all the test results. As a result a ‘double’ J.LEMAITRE model, which takes into account a double strain hardening variable, has been put forward. The validation of this model on the laboratory creep tests is very satisfactory. Furthermore, the activation energy seems satisfactory to represent the influence of the temperature. The in-situ behaviour modelling is clearly more complex than the modelization based on laboratory tests. In fact, it seems that if the rock salt behaviour is maintained by J.LEMAITRE law, it is necessary to vary with the stress, at least, one of the parameters assumed constant in the basic law.  相似文献   

The log-normal distribution for hydraulic conductivity of compacted clays: Two or three parameters?     

Huaming Zhai  Craig H. Benson 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(5):1149-1162

Risk and uncertainty assessments for waste containment systems employing clay barriers often include spatial variability in the hydraulic conductivity as part of the analysis. The two-parameter log-normal distribution is often used to describe the spatial variability, but for compacted clays the three-parameter form can be more appropriate. A statistical hypothesis test was developed that can be used to determine if the two- or three-parameter form of the log-normal distribution is more appropriate. The test is based on a likelihood ratio, comparing likelihood functions for the two- and three-parameter forms at their maximums. Likelihood functions are used assuming that a data set can be segregated into a set of distinct groups of hydraulic conductivities. A step-by-step calculation procedure is described and the test is applied to data collected from 45 sites.  相似文献   

用强度折减法和FLAC^3D计算边坡的安全系数   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李新坡陈永波  王永杰何思明 王成华 《山地学报》2006,24(B10):235-239

对采用强度折减法和FLAC^3D计算边坡的安全系数问题进行了研究。对边坡破坏的判断标准、边坡滑面位置的确定及计算参数对安全系数计算结果的影响进行了分析。结果表明，用FLAC计算时，边坡的破坏可以通过节点最大不平衡力突变、节点最大速度突变、特定点位移的不收敛等特征进行判断，同时边坡破坏的滑面也可以由速度等值线图等方法表示出来。另外，通过分析发现，弹性常数、剪胀角等参数对安全系数计算结果的影响不大。  相似文献