“山水林田湖草沙生命共同体”理念下的科尔沁沙地生态治理     

刘志民  余海滨 《中国沙漠》2022,42(1):34-40

“山水林田湖草沙生命共同体”理念为沙地生态环境治理指明了新方向,但是在沙区开展什么研究却是新课题。本文基于生态建设面临的挑战,从山水林田湖草沙一体化治理的角度,探析了科尔沁沙地生态治理的研究方向及应重点关注的问题。  相似文献   

天山山区近50年面雨量分布及变化特征     

赵玲 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2013,7(2):20-24

天山山区范围大,地形复杂,但测站稀少,而且分布很不均匀。为了尽可能的反映天山山区气候要素分布特征,利用1961~2009年天山山区44个气象站和10个水文站的观测资料,结合数字高程模型（DEM）1km?km网格数据,采用了自然正交分解（EOF）、多元回归分析、最大熵谱值分析等方法,对天山山区面雨量进行了计算,建立了区域面雨量时间序列,研究其时空分布特征及变化规律。天山山区的降水基本上呈现北多南少,西多东少的特征,年平均面雨量1093.2?08m3,1987年发生突变。冬季降水在年际变化和年代际变化特征上都呈现出明显的增加趋势。  相似文献   

近52年巴音布鲁克山区日降水变化趋势与突变特征分析     

周雪英  段均泽  李晓川 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2013,7(5):19-24

利用巴音布鲁克气象站1960-2011年逐日降水资料,统计了逐年降水日数、降水量、以及5—9月不同量级降雨日数、降雨量,进而得到暖季不同降雨雨强,运用线性趋势系数、M—K检验及滑动71检验等方法分析了巴音布鲁克山区降水的变化趋势和突变特征。结果表明：近52a来巴音布鲁克山区年降水量和降水日数呈明显的增加趋势,气候倾向率分别为9．5mm／10a、3．2d／10a,然而年降水量和降水日数的增加主要源自冷季而非暖季,年降水量与降水强度关系更密切。巴音布鲁克山区暖季5～9月降雨量占年降水量的八成以上,暖季微雨日显著减少,小雨事件对年降水量的贡献率减弱,大雨和暴雨的贡献率增加。冷季降水量和降水日数显著增加,冷季降水日数在1975年附近发生增多突变,冷季降水量在2003年后发生增多突变。  相似文献   

南岭山地高速公路雾区能见度预报系统   总被引：9，自引：4，他引：9  

吴兑  邓雪娇  游积平  黄健  赵博  毕雪岩  万齐林  梁建茵  闫敬华  彭涛涌 《热带气象学报》2006,22(5):417-422

在研究南岭山地浓雾的气候规律，开展了2次多学科综合野外观测，对典型个例进行了天气学分析、雾的宏观结构特征分析、雾的微物理特征分析，在利用数值试验分析了雾生成的物理机制等研究的基础上，研制开发了4种南岭山地京珠高速公路云岩雾区的能见度预报方法，包括：中尺度数值模式产品释用方法、结构预测方法、天气学指标预报方法和动态统计预报方法；并研制了相应的自动化程度高的预测预报系统，与京珠高速公路粤境北段通车同步投入准业务运行，使用雾区路段的5套自动气象站和能见度仪资料，制作的集成预报结果为高速公路行车安全提供服务，经过各种方法的独立预报检验和准业务运行服务的预报结果检验，预报准确率比较高，提供服务的集成预报准确率可达83．3％。  相似文献   

Till fabric and grain-size analysis of glacial sequences in the Upper Sil River Basin,Cantabrian Mountains,NW Spain     

Javier Santos-González  João A. Santos  Rosa Blanca González-Gutiérrez  José María Redondo-Vega  Amelia Gómez-Villar 《自然地理学》2013,34(6):471-490

Fabric and grain-size analysis of eight deposits present in the Upper Sil River Basin palaeoglacial system of northwest Spain were used to interpret till types and to reconstruct the glacial paleoprocess history of this region. They are represented by lodgement, deformation, and melt-out tills. The first, representative of glacial advance stages, present cluster fabrics and are generally composed of poorly sorted and finer sediments. Melt-out and deformation tills, representative of stages of glacial stability followed by fast recession, present transitional to girdle fabrics and are composed of poorly sorted coarser sediments. In any case, multiple criteria, including lithological, clast-shape, or structural data, support these directional and grain-size observations. These sequences, most of them located in the snout area of the Sil palaeoglacier, are important in the reconstruction of glacial dynamics due to poor preservation of landforms related to the maximum glacial advance. This palaeoglacial system was formed by multiple tributaries and had an extension of over 450 km², with the Sil paleoglacier being 51 km long during its maximum glacial advance.  相似文献   

平衡剖面技术在龙门山中段构造解释中的应用     

李素华  许国明  卢齐军 《煤田地质与勘探》2013,41(4):70-73

龙门山推覆冲断带地形条件恶劣,构造断裂复杂,阻碍了该区油气资源的勘探进程。为搞清龙门山推覆冲断带下的构造样式,验证其构造解释方案,应用平衡剖面技术,对龙门山中段具典型构造特征的地质、地震综合解释剖面进行平衡恢复。实例分析证明,平衡剖面技术可正确指导龙门山中段构造剧烈变形区的构造解释方案,并可定性、定量分析构造变形期次和变形程度,为下一步油气勘探提供可靠依据。   相似文献   

Environmental change and water management in the Pyrenees: Facts and future perspectives for Mediterranean mountains   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

J.I. Lpez-Moreno  M. Beniston  J.M. García-Ruiz 《Global and Planetary Change》2008,61(3-4):300-312

This paper analyses the effect of environmental changes observed in the 20th century on hydrology and water management in the southern Pyrenees, in terms of land use and climate. Moreover, a projected water-resource scenario for the 21st century is presented and discussed. Our results demonstrate that changes in precipitation, temperature, and snow accumulation, together with an increase in vegetation density in headwater regions, have led to a marked reduction in water availability in the region. Water resource managers have introduced major changes to dam operations to meet increasing water demand for irrigation purposes in lowland areas. Climatic and land-cover scenarios for the next century indicate that the sustainability of the equilibrium between available resources and water demand will be seriously threatened. These changes predicted for the Pyrenees may be representative of the changes that will occur within many other Mediterranean mountain sectors with similar climatic and socio-economic conditions.  相似文献   

哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林林区太阳辐射特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高进波  张一平  巩合德  刘玉洪 《山地学报》2009,27(1)

利用中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园哀牢山森林生态系统研究站林外自动气象站2005-02到2007-12的辐射观测数据,对哀牢山北部山顶亚热带常绿阔叶林林区的太阳辐射平衡各分量的年、季节和日变化特征进行了分析,得出哀牢山林区太阳辐射年总辐射为5 146.4 MJ/(m2·a),干季的太阳总辐射量(2 764.7 MJ/m2)占全年总量的53.7%,雨季的太阳总辐射量(2 381.7 MJ/m2)占全年总量的46.3%.各辐射分量年值占总辐射年值的百分率为净辐射41.3%,反射辐射21.O%,有效辐射37.7%.太阳辐射各分量占太阳总辐射的比率在不同的季节由于天气状况和大气中含水量的不同存在一定的差异,反射辐射和有效辐射的分配率均是干季大于雨季,净辐射的分配率则是雨季大于干季.从全年来看,净辐射分配率的变幅最大(31.1%～51.9%),有效辐射次之(28.6%～48.6%),反射辐射最小(18.4%~24.2%);从分配率的日变化可知,反射辐射和有效辐射均是清晨和傍晚较高,昼间较小,净辐射则相反,各辐射分量分配率在昼间的变化均较小.不同季节各辐射分量占总辐射的比重不同,干季有效辐射所占比重最大,其次是净辐射,反射辐射最小;雨季净辐射所占比例最大,其次是有效辐射,反射辐射最小.与相近纬度的鼎湖山和鹤山林区相比,哀牢山林区总辐射量高于两地,而年均气温(热量)低于两地,由此可以认为哀牢山林区在较低的气温条件下能分布大面积的中山湿性常绿阔叶林,且生长繁茂、发育良好,较强的太阳辐射应是其重要原因之一.  相似文献   

On the morphological characteristics of overdeepenings in high‐mountain glacier beds          下载免费PDF全文

Wilfried Haeberli  Andreas Linsbauer  Alejo Cochachin  Cesar Salazar  Urs H. Fischer 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(13):1980-1990

Overdeepenings, i.e. closed topographic depressions with adverse slopes in the direction of flow, are characteristic for glacier beds and glacially sculpted landscapes. Quantitative information about their morphological characteristics, however, has so far hardly been available. The present study provides such information by combining the analysis of (a) numerous bed overdeepenings below still existing glaciers of the Swiss Alps and the Himalaya‐Karakoram region modelled with a robust shear stress approximation and (b) detailed bathymetries from recently exposed lakes in the Peruvian Andes. The investigated overdeepenings exist where glacier surface slopes are low (< 5°–10°), occur in bedrock or morainic material and are most commonly a fraction of a kilometre squared in surface area, hundreds of metres long, about half the length in width and tens of metres deep. They form under conditions of low to high basal shear stresses, at cirque, confluence, trunk valley and terminus positions. The most striking phenomenon, however, is the high variability of their geometries: Depths, surface areas, lengths and widths of the overdeepenings vary over orders of magnitude and are only weakly – if at all – interrelated. Inclinations of adverse slopes do not differ significantly from those of forward slopes and are in many cases higher than so far assumed theoretical limits for supercooling of ascending water and corresponding closure of sub‐glacial channels. Such steep adverse slopes are a robust observation and in support of recently developed new concepts concerning the question about where supercooling of sub‐glacial water and closure of ice channels can or must occur. However, the question of when and under what climatic, topographic and ice conditions the overdeepenings had formed remains unanswered. This open question constitutes a key problem concerning the interpretation of observed overdeepenings, the understanding of the involved glacio‐hydraulic processes and the possibility of realistic predictive modelling of overdeepening formation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Seismic assessment of damaged piloti‐type RC building subjected to successive earthquakes          下载免费PDF全文

Jiuk Shin  JunHee Kim  Kihak Lee 《地震工程与结构动力学》2014,43(11):1603-1619

Building structures damaged by a seismic event may be exposed to the risk of aftershocks or another event within a certain period. In this paper, the seismic assessment of damaged piloti‐type RC buildings was carried out to evaluate probabilistic retrofitting effects under successive earthquakes. First, a framework to evaluate the effectiveness of retrofitting was proposed, and then the proposed methodology was demonstrated with a structure retrofitted with buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs). For consideration of realistic successive earthquakes, past records measured at the same station were combined. Within the framework, a series of nonlinear time history analyses were performed for an as‐is model subjected to single earthquake, a damaged model subjected to successive earthquakes, and a damaged model retrofitted with BRBs subjected to successive earthquakes. In addition, fragility analysis was systematically applied in the framework for evaluation of effectiveness of the retrofitting strategy. The proposed framework was capable of quantifying the influence of successive earthquakes and evaluating the effectiveness of BRB retrofitting by considering the severity of the first earthquake damage and the hysteresis behavior of the retrofit element. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献