郑汴都市区产业CO2排放演变机理及脱钩分析     

张丽君  秦耀辰  张金萍  张艳 《地理科学进展》2012,31(4):426-434

探索都市区产业CO₂排放变化的驱动机制,因地制宜地制定减排政策,对低碳城市与经济发展具有重要意义.本文将都市区的CO₂排放源分成农业、工业、建筑业、交通运输业、商业和居民等6 个部门的能源消费,并将工业CO₂排放进一步细分为34 种产业的能源消费.基于2000-2009 年能源消费数据,构建CO₂测算模型,核算了各部门各产业范畴1(仅指能源燃烧)与范畴2 的CO₂排放.运用LMDI方法对2000-2009 年间不同层级产业的CO₂排放变化机理进行研究,采用脱钩指数分析郑汴都市区产业低碳发展的类型与方向.结果发现：CO₂排放结构的变化呈现不同的阶段性、部门性和区域性特征;CO₂排放变化是在强度(技术)效应、结构效应与规模效应共同作用下发生的,经济规模与要素投入的外生经济增长方式是CO₂排放变化主要的正向驱动因素,碳排放强度和劳动密集程度是主要的负向驱动因素,劳动生产率与产业结构的变动则起双向作用,而影响居民消费CO₂排放的各因素贡献相对较小;CO₂排放与经济发展的脱钩状态决定了产业调整升级的方向与程度;产业结构调整对CO₂排放的贡献及脱钩程度的确定需要进一步探讨.  相似文献   

Quartz and zircon decoupling in sandstone: Petrography and quartz cathodoluminescence of the Early Triassic continental Buntsandstein Group in Germany     

Carita Augustsson  Michaela Aehnelt  Thomas Voigt  Cindy Kunkel  Marcus Meyer  Florian Schellhorn 《Sedimentology》2019,66(7):2874-2893

This study illustrates how decoupling of quartz and zircon can be used advantageously in provenance research. Thirty‐eight fine‐grained to coarse‐grained arkose samples of the Early Triassic intracontinental Buntsandstein Group from the Central European Basin in Germany were analysed for their petrography and 1200 grains in 23 of these for their detrital quartz cathodoluminescence characteristics. The samples represent the Hessian and Thuringian sub‐basins and the Eichsfeld–Altmark Swell separating them. The Hessian Sub‐basin includes more metamorphic lithoclasts with a larger content of plutonic grains than are found further east in the Thuringian Sub‐basin. More than 90% of the detrital quartz from the eastern Thuringian Sub‐basin produce medium to bright blue cathodoluminescence colours and corresponding spectra that are typical for igneous or high‐temperature metamorphic origin. Differently, the quartz from the Hessian Sub‐basin mostly luminesces brown and dark to medium blue, typical for a low‐temperature metamorphic origin. Quartz from the Eichsfeld–Altmark Swell and the western Thuringian Sub‐basin is a mixture between these origins. The quartz indicates different catchments for the sub‐basins, possibly the Bohemian Massif and the Massif Central, with converging transport routes on and close to the eastern fringe of the swell. Taking published zircon data from the same samples into account, light mineral‐zircon grain‐size shifts are up to 2 Φ units. That can be explained by mineral decoupling due to different transport modes for quartz and zircon and different zircon‐size availability in the source areas, exaggerated by combined aqueous–aeolian transport, as well as sample preparation‐induced sorting. This study concludes that submerged highs significantly can influence continental sediment transport. Hence, vast, flat continental areas with submerged morphological highs and a seemingly straightforward transportation pattern may be more complex than expected. The results also illustrate that analysis of detritus that has been affected by different dominating transport modes, and further sorting during sampling and preparation can reveal additional source information.  相似文献   

部分熔融强化了青藏高原地壳的各向异性?   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

杨彧  陈建业  杨晓松  闫小兵  张国苓 《地震地质》2010,32(1):59

深部岩石的弹性波各向异性是人们了解地壳深部构造特征,分析其成因,探讨其动力学意义的重要岩石物理参数。实验结果表明由矿物晶格定向分布(LPO)所引起的地壳岩石平均各向异性强度通常不超过5%,远不足以解释在青藏高原地壳中所观测到的弹性波各向异性之强度。模拟结果显示,熔体的定向分布(MPO)能够引起强烈的弹性波各向异性。例如,当熔体的形态因子(α)值介于0.1～0.5之间,熔融程度为5%～10%时,由定向分布的酸性熔体囊所产生的各向异性强度可以达到2%～10%(P波)、2.2～40%(S波)。众多研究资料显示,青藏高原—川滇西部具有加厚的中、上地壳和高地热梯度,低度部分熔融作用在其深部地壳中广泛存在。低度熔体在构造应力作用下的定向分布可能是造成该地区深部地壳存在异常强的各向异性层的重要原因。这暗示目前在青藏高原—川滇西部探测到的异常强的区域性各向异性层是具有部分熔融成因的强烈构造变形带。该构造变形带具有潜在的"解耦"功能,并作为地壳浅部刚性层(块体)的底界协调着块体与其下伏地壳或岩石圈地幔的差异运动。  相似文献   

中国工业部门的碳排放：影响因素及减排潜力     

国涓  刘长信  孙平 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2013,4(2):132-140

本文首先采用修正的Laspeyres指数分解方法,分析了1994—2007年中国工业及分工业部门CO2排放的主要影响因素,解析了差异原因。然后,基于退耦理论深入研究了工业部门碳排放与经济增长之间的耦合状态和减排政策执行的有效性。我们发现,工业产出是中国工业部门碳排放增长的主要正向影响因素,能源强度效应是主要的负向影响因素,它们对碳排放的影响分别为357．20％和-248．67％;食品工业、纺织工业和机械工业的碳排放呈现出递减的趋势,而石油工业部门的碳排放量增加217．75％。1994—2007年和2000-2007年工业部门碳排放的退耦指数分别为0．63和0．56,说明碳排放与经济增长处于弱退耦状态,减排政策的执行还缺乏一定的有效性。上述结果会对工业部门耦合改善的政策制定产生一定的理论意义。  相似文献   

The influence of dilution on downstream channel sedimentation in large rivers: the Yellow River,China          下载免费PDF全文

Jiongxin Xu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(4):450-462

Due to the temporal decoupling of water and sediment sources in a large river basin, a flood from a sediment source area with high suspended sediment concentration (SSC) may be diluted by flow from a major runoff source area with low SSC. In this paper, this dilution effect is considered for 145 flood events from the Yellow River, China. Two indices (β₁ and β₂) describing the dilution effect are proposed, based on water and sediment from the clear water source area and the coarse sediment producing area. Regression equations between channel sedimentation (S_dep) and β₁ and β₂ are established based on flood events and annual data, respectively. The results show that dilution reduces channel sedimentation in the lower reaches by 34?1% and that this is related to a reduced frequency of hyperconcentrated flows in the lower reaches. The Longyangxia Reservoir for hydro‐electric generation has stored huge quantities of clear runoff from the upper Yellow River during high‐flow season since 1985, greatly reducing the dilution of the hyperconcentrated floods and therefore enhancing sedimentation in the lower reaches. For the purpose of reducing sedimentation, changing the operational mode of the Longyangxia Reservoir to restore the dilution effect is suggested. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Parametric time‐domain identification of multiple‐input systems using decoupled output signals          下载免费PDF全文

Jian Li  Manuel Ruiz‐Sandoval  Billie F. Spencer Jr.  Amr S. Elnashai 《地震工程与结构动力学》2014,43(9):1307-1324

Civil engineering structures are often subjected to multidirectional actions such as earthquake ground motion, which lead to complex structural responses. The contributions from the latter multidirectional actions to the response are highly coupled, leading to a MIMO system identification problem. Compared with single‐input, multiple‐output (SIMO) system identification, MIMO problems are more computationally complex and error prone. In this paper, a new system identification strategy is proposed for civil engineering structures with multiple inputs that induce strong coupling in the response. The proposed solution comprises converting the MIMO problem into separate SIMO problems, decoupling the outputs by extracting the contribution from the respective input signals to the outputs. To this end, a QR factorization‐based decoupling method is employed, and its performance is examined. Three factors, which affect the accuracy of the decoupling result, including memory length, input correlation, and system damping, are investigated. Additionally, a system identification method that combines the autoregressive model with exogenous input (ARX) and the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) is proposed. The associated extended modal amplitude coherence and modal phase collinearity are used to delineate the structural and noise modes in the fitted ARX model. The efficacy of the ARX‐ERA method is then demonstrated through identification of the modal properties of a highway overcrossing bridge. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Melt–water Accumulation on the Surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet: Effect on Albedo and Mass Balance     

Wouter Greuell 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2000,82(4):489-498

Satellite–derived albedo maps of the western part of the Greenland ice sheet (between 64.5 and 70.5 ^∘ N) reveal a north–south extending zone with relatively low albedos at some distance from the ice margin. In the literature it has been hypothesized that this "dark zone" is due to a local maximum in melt–water accumulation on the ice–covered surface. A plausible explanation for this maximum in melt–water accumulation is thatrelative to the situation within the "dark zone", melt–water accumulation is reduced at higher elevations by a smaller melt–water production rate whereas runoff occurs more easily at lower elevations where slopes are generally steeper. For the present paper AVHRR images from eight years (1990–1997) were analysed. The following indications confirming the "melt–water accumulation hypothesis" were found: (1) there is a significant correlation between the annual mean albedo lowering within the "dark zone" and the annual amount of melt as inferred from local mass–balance measurements; and (2) within each summer season the albedo lowering within the "dark zone" seems to respond to the melt–water production rate as inferred from local temperature measurements. The effect of melt–water accumulation on the albedo implies a positive feedback between the albedo and the amount of melt. It is estimated that approximately 40% of the interannual mass–balance variations in the "dark zone" are due to this feedback.  相似文献   

海洋平台响应多点解耦的冰力测量方法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘建成  顾永宁 《海洋工程》2000,18(2):7-12,23

提出了一种通过传递函数在频域内进行解耦逆推多点冰力的计算方法,并以一个四桩腿平台为例,给出了冰力问接测量的设计方案及计算流程,从而为解决海上平台所受冰力的测量问题找到一个较好的技术途径。  相似文献   

消能减震结构设计的阻尼比研究     

刘文锋  李建峰 《世界地震工程》2005,21(2):80-84

阻尼比是消能减震结构设计的重要参数,对消能减震结构设计具有决定性影响。消能减震结构设汁巾阻尼是时变参数,消能减震结构是非经典阻尼结构。采用复模态设计方法、强解耦振型分解法、基于变形能的等效阻尼法三种方法分别对不同情况的消能减震结构阻尼比进行研究,得到选择消能减震设计疗法和不同方法计算精度的规律,对消能减震结构设计具有参考价值。  相似文献   

松潘-甘孜造山带东缘大水沟地区变质变形作用     

郭建强  游再平  王大可 《地质通报》1999,18(3)

松潘—甘孜造山带东缘大水沟逆冲—滑脱岩片的边界断裂为韧性剪切带,具逆冲—推覆性质,在中生代碰撞造山过程中逆冲叠置于扬子陆块之上。岩片经历了晚二叠世裂谷变质、晚三叠世末至早中侏罗世滑脱—收缩动热变质和晚侏罗世热隆接触变质３期变质变形作用,尤其是后二者影响深刻,奠定了现今热隆构造,并伴有碲矿床的形式。  相似文献