Decomposition analysis on direct material input and dematerialization of mining cities in Northeast China     

Fangdao Qiu  Lianjun Tong  Huimin Zhang  Na Zhang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2009,19(2):104-112

Material dematerialization is a basic approach to reduce the pressure on the resources and environment and to realize the sustainable development. The material flow analysis and decomposition method are used to calculate the direct material input (DMI) of 14 typical mining cities in Northeast China in 1995-2004 and to analyze the demateri-alization and its driving factors in the different types of mining cities oriented by coal, petroleum, metallurgy and multi-resources. The results are as follows: 1) from 1995 to 2006, the increase rates of the DMI and the material input intensity of mining cities declined following the order of multi-resources, metallurgy, coal, and petroleum cities, and the material utilizing efficiency did following the order of petroleum, coal, metallurgy, and multi-resources cities; 2) during the research period, all the kinds of mining cities were in the situation of weak sustainable development in most years; 3) the pressure on resources and environment in the multi-resources cities was the most serious; 4) the petro-leum cities showed the strong trend of sustainable development; and 5) in recent years, the driving function of eco-nomic development for material consuming has continuously strengthened and the controlling function of material utilizing efficiency for it has weakened. The key approaches to promote the development of circular economy of min-ing cities in Northeast China are put forward in the following aspects: 1) to strengthen the research and development of the technique of resources' cycling utilization, 2) to improve the utilizing efficiency of resources, and 3) to carry out the auditing system of resources utilization.  相似文献   

天文光学望远镜轴系驱动方式发展概述   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王国民 《天文学进展》2007,25(4):364-374

该文首先介绍了已投入使用的2.5米口径以上的25架地平式光学望远镜和11架赤道式光学望远镜轴系驱动方式,并概述了天文光学望远镜轴系驱动及其相关技术的发展过程;然后对目前国际上在研的6架大型光学望远镜和预研的10架极大光学望远镜轴系所采用的驱动形式进行了归类;最后分析了未来极大光学望远镜轴系驱动的发展趋势和与之相关的研究内容.  相似文献   

高精度高性价比的GPS定向仪的设计     

许湘剑  曹振新 《全球定位系统》2009,34(6):48-52

介绍了一种高精度、高性价比的GPS定位定向仪的设计及实现（〈1mil，2σ）方法，系统利用了实际应用中的有利约束条件，对基于LAMBDA方法的载波相位整周模糊度解算算法进行了改进，经过系统工程设计，在实际应用中实现了单频、高精度、快速定向数据的输出。可以满足绝大多数环境下的使用需求，大大降低了系统成本。  相似文献   

浅议海上责任保险第三人直接请求权的行使条件     

郑文姣 《广东海洋大学学报》2009,29(2)

随着海上责任保险第三人权利保护的问题受到人们的日益重视,各国普遍赋予了海上责任保险第三人对保险人的直接请求权,但各国立法基本上未考虑到强制海上责任保险的特殊性,从而没有明确区分自愿海上责任保险中第三人直接请求权与强制海上责任保险中第三人直接请求权不同的权利属性,因而只笼统地对海上责任保险第三人行使直接请求权的条件做出概括性规定,这无法真正实现强制海上责任保险充分维护第三人利益与社会公共利益的立法价值。针对这一立法缺陷,提出应在明确自愿海上责任保险中的第三人直接请求权与强制海上责任保险中的第三人直接请求权具有不同权利属性的前提下,针对这两种不同的海上责任保险规定第三人不同的权利行使条件。  相似文献   

Marine reserve establishment and on-going management costs: A case study from New Zealand     

《Marine Policy》2015

While there is considerable international research focused on the conservation outcomes of marine protected areas (MPAs) and marine reserves (MRs) there is little information on the economic cost to establish and manage these protected areas. This study estimated the MR pre-establishment and establishment costs for the Taputeranga Marine Reserve (TMR) in New Zealand (NZ) and determined the annual management costs for this reserve and four further NZ MRs. Finally, the cost to local rock lobster fishers resulting from the displaced fishing effort once the TMR had been established was estimated. This research found that the TMR pre-establishment cost was approximately NZ$508,000, and the establishment process cost was approximately NZ$353,000. The annual management costs across the five reserves ranged between NZ$43,200 and NZ$112,500 between 2008/09 and 2010/11. The annual fishers displacement cost at TMR was approximately NZ$22,000 per annum. This research showed that on a unit area basis, small MRs in NZ are just as expensive to maintain as large MRs. This study also highlighted how volunteer effort helped to considerably reduce the monetary cost of the MR pre-establishment process. This research increases our understanding of establishment and management costs, and supports future planning of MRs both within NZ and internationally.  相似文献   

GOCE+EGM08+RTM组合模型计算高程异常     

徐新强 《大地测量与地球动力学》2015,35(5):853-856

针对EGM08重力场模型构建过程中存在的不足,提出用GOCE重力场模型替换EGM08模型的中低频部分,用剩余地形模型RTM拓展EGM08模型的甚高频信号。模拟分析表明,GOCE模型能大幅提高高程异常计算的精度,而RTM对高程异常的贡献也不可忽视。实测GPS/水准数据表明,GOCE模型对高程异常的贡献达到43%,而RTM也贡献了1cm的精度。  相似文献   

融合光度参数估计的单目直接法视觉里程计     

谭涌  潘树国  高旺  盛超  章辉  喻国荣 《测绘工程》2021,30(3):59-65

针对单目直接法视觉里程计在光照变化大的场景下定位精度低、定位鲁棒性差的问题,文中提出一种融合光度参数估计的单目直接法视觉里程计。首先通过对图像帧进行特征匹配实现特征跟踪,建立起图像像素点之间的关联,接着利用非线性优化方法进行光度参数估计,然后在光度参数估计提供的光度参数先验信息的基础上对图像灰度值进行校正,最后利用校正后的图像采用单目直接法视觉里程计对相机运动进行估计。在EuRoC数据集上的实验结果表明,与传统方法相比,文中提出的算法提高单目直接法视觉里程计对光照变化的鲁棒性,定位精度平均提高约18%。  相似文献   

关于直播水稻观测方法问题的探讨     

胡世明  胡珀 《气象科技》2015,43(4):750-753

根据湖北江夏国家农业气象观测一级站在最近几年水稻观测中实际遇到的情况以及调查发现,直播水稻已形成不推而广的迅猛发展趋势,作为农业气象观测已不可回避地会遇到直播水稻的生育进程观测问题。由于种植方式的改变,大田植株分布形式也发生了根本的变化,仅以传统的移栽水稻制定的现行《农业气象观测规范》已无法处理好直播水稻的观测问题。为此,笔者依据《农业气象观测规范》,结合实际观测经验,分析直播水稻与移栽水稻的差异以及由此引出的新问题,提出了新的观测处理方法,以供同行探讨。  相似文献   

浅析修缮工程的造价控制     

邹彦宁  朱赤 《中国勘察设计》2010,(1):60-62

修缮工程的造价控制相对于新建工程有其自身特点,需要从工程设计和招标阶段开始就制定严谨的造价控制计划,并在其后的工程管理中逐步实现。本文论述了修缮工程造价控制的难点和特点,并提出了解决建议。  相似文献   

中国太阳能供热采暖技术的现状与发展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑瑞澄 《中国勘察设计》2010,(7):68-71

本文介绍了我国太阳能供热采暖技术的发展现状及工程实例,指出了该项技术与国际先进水平的差距及存在的主要问题,提出了太阳能供热采暖今后在我国的发展趋势、发展目标和重点任务。  相似文献