1960-2014年湖南省极端气温事件变化特征分析     

朱歆炜  叶成志  彭晶晶  蔡海朝 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2016,10(2):82-89

利用1960-2014年湖南省88个地面气象站日最高和最低气温的均一化资料,运用百分位阈值法统计暖日、暖夜、冷日和冷夜数,采用线性回归、M-K突变检验、Morlet小波分析等方法,研究湖南省55a以来极端气温事件的时空变化特征。结果表明：(1)湖南省暖日和暖夜数呈上升趋势,其年际变化倾向率分别为0.68d.(10a)-1、2.73 d.(10a)-1,冷日和冷夜数呈下降趋势,其年际变化倾向率分别为-0.45d.(10a)-1、-2.46d.(10a)-1,夜间增暖幅度大于白天增暖幅度;(2)湖南省大部分地区的暖日、暖夜数呈上升趋势,冷日数、冷夜数呈下降趋势,其中湘北、湘南部分地区变化趋势明显;(3)暖日、暖夜、冷夜数有明显的阶段性变化,其突变检验特征较明显,暖日、暖夜分别在2008、2003年突变增加,冷夜在1986年突变减少;(4)湖南省极端气温日数在不同的时间段存在着长短不同的振荡周期。  相似文献   

THERMAL FORCING IMPACTS OF THE EASTERLY VORTEX ON THE EAST-WEST SHIFT OF THE SUBTROPICAL ANTICYCLONE OVER WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN     

姚秀萍  孙建元 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2016,22(1):51-56

By employing the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data sets(1 000 to 10 hPa,2.5°× 2.5°),the thermal forcing impacts are analyzed of an easterly vortex(shortened as EV) over the tropical upper troposphere on the quasi-horizontal movement of the Western Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone(shortened as WPS A) during 22-25 June 2003.The relevant mechanisms are discussed as well.It is shown that the distribution and intensity of the non-adiabatic effect near the EV result in the anomalous eastward retreat of the WPSA.The WPSA prefers extending to the colder region,i.e.,it moves toward the region in which the non-adiabatic heating is weakening or the cooling is strengthening.During the WPSA retreat,the apparent changes of non-adiabatic heating illustrate the characteristics of enhanced cooling in the east side of the EV.Meanwhile,the cooling in the west side exhibits a weakened eastward trend,most prominently at 300 hPa in the troposphere.The evidence on the factors causing the change in thermal condition is found:the most important contribution to the heating-rate trend is the vertical transport term,followed in turn by the local change in the heating rate term and the horizontal advection term.As a result,the atmospheric non-adiabatic heating generated by the vertical transport and local change discussed above is mainly connected to the retreat of the WPSA.  相似文献   

同化FY3B/IRAS资料对GRAPES分析场影响诊断     

王根  刘文静  唐怀瓯 《气象与环境科学》2016,39(3):15-21

GRAPES(Globe and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)变分系统能够同化常规资料和非常规卫星资料,这些被同化的资料究竟对同化系统得到的分析场有何影响,目前国内外尚未见相关的研究文献。为此,首次采用基于信息熵信号自由度思想,诊断风云三号B星(FY3B)红外分光计(Infrared Atmospheric Sounder,IRAS)资料对GRAPES分析场的影响。诊断过程中,采用数值逼近方法,统计2012年12月24日18时到2013年1月22日00时共114个时次IRAS资料对GRAPES分析场影响,结果表明,IRAS中高层通道亮温资料对GRAPES分析场影响比地表通道20观测亮温的影响大,地表通道8和9观测亮温对分析场影响较大。前24个GRAPES变分同化时次每个时次IRAS通道亮温对分析场影响的贡献率分析结果显示,高层通道和H_2O通道贡献率较大。个例分析结果表明,在同化探空资料基础上加入IRAS资料后,温度和湿度增量场变化幅度较大,表明IRAS资料对分析场有降温和增湿作用。  相似文献   

闽西北5月雨量特多年份环流特征及其成因分析     

章达华  张家斌  邝美清  沈永生  卜银军  吴姗 《气象科技》2016,44(1):61-66

利用闽西北三明市的11个县、市1961—2014年5月降雨量资料、常规气象观测资料和NCEP 2.5×2.5°再分析资料等对闽西北历史上5月雨量特多年的降雨量时空分布特征和大气环流特征及其成因进行了分析,结果表明:5月区域性、全区性雨量特多年的环流异常特征是500hPa欧亚中高纬度自西向东环流呈"+-+"的波列分布,鄂霍次克海北侧高度正距平区的稳定少动,起到阻挡冷空气东移的作用,冷空气沿乌拉尔山西侧高度正距平中心前的偏北气流不断南下,使萨彦岭一带高度负距平中心加强,其底部不断分裂小槽东移影响闽西北。925hPa华南北部维持一条稳定切变线;对于2014年5月特例的环流形势分析结果可知,500hPa东亚大槽明显偏东,引导冷空气南下与强大副高西北侧西南暖湿气流交绥在闽西北上空。925hPa闽西北处于气旋式辐合区内。北支槽、南支槽均非常活跃,东移影响闽西北,是导致该地5月区域性降雨量特多的主要原因。  相似文献   

阿尔泰-准噶尔北缘铬铁矿- Cu- Au- Pb- Zn- Ni成矿带主要成矿地质特征及潜力分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丁建华  邢树文  肖克炎  马玉波  张婷婷  刘亚玲 《地质学报》2016,90(7):1334-1352

阿尔泰-准噶尔北缘铬铁矿-Cu-Ni-Au-Pb-Zn-Ni成矿带是全国重点部署找矿勘查工作的16个重点成矿区带之一,是全球阿尔泰巨型成矿带位于中国境内的一部分。文章根据全国矿产资源潜力评价成果,结合新的成矿理论和找矿进展,对该成矿带的边界进行了新的修定;从大地构造演化历史出发,分析总结了该带区域成矿地质背景和有利成矿地质条件,进一步修订了成矿带的成矿谱系;总结了成矿带内次级成矿单元的成矿特征;对带内矿床的主要成因类型和相应的典型矿床的成矿特征进行了总结;分析了成矿带的资源潜力,并在此基础上,确定了Cr、Mo、Cu、Au、Ni、Pb、Zn、Ag为本带下一步勘查部署的主攻矿种,划分了9个远景区,其中3个为重点远景区,6个为一般远景区。此项工作对本成矿区带内下一步矿产勘查工作部署有着重要指导意义和参考价值。  相似文献   

豫西Au- Mo- W- Pb- Zn- Ag- Fe- 铝土矿-石墨成矿带主要地质成矿特征及潜力分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李俊建  何玉良  付超  张彦启  彭翼  崔来运  赵泽霖  党智财  曾宪友  王纪中  李中明  陈安蜀  杨俊泉  李磊 《地质学报》2016,90(7):1504-1524

随着地质大调查的开展,豫西地区新的找矿进展和预测成果不断涌现,使之成为我国重点找矿地区之一,需要对其开展系统的成矿区划和部署研究工作。本文以新的研究成果和找矿突破为基础,通过综合分析,在该地区划分新的重要成矿部署区带,厘定边界并将其命名为"豫西Au-Mo-W-Pb-Zn-Ag-Fe-铝土矿-石墨成矿带"。结合区域成矿地质背景的综合研究,在区内划分了10个成矿亚带,初步建立了Au-Mo-W-Pb-Zn-Ag-Fe-铝土矿-石墨成矿带成矿谱系,其成矿作用具有多期次发育和多系统控制的特点,在时间演化上表现为多旋回性、继承性、新生性和叠加性特点,主要成矿期有前寒武纪、寒武纪-早石炭世、晚石炭世-中三叠世和晚三叠世-早白垩世,其中晚侏罗世-早白垩世是内生金属矿床成矿大爆发期。研究区主要成矿类型为岩浆热液型金银铅锌矿、斑岩型-矽卡岩型钼钨矿、层控热液型和海相火山岩型铅锌矿、古风化壳残积型铝土矿、沉积-变质型铁铜石墨矿和伟晶岩型稀有金属矿等。结合区域找矿进展和潜力评价最新成果,认为本区金、钼钨、铅锌银、铝土矿、铁、石墨、煤矿潜力巨大,为下一步勘查部署的主攻矿种,同时在本区划分了25个远景区,其中14个为重点远景区,11个为一般远景区,对研究区下一步矿产勘查部署工作有一定指导意义。  相似文献   

钦杭Cu- Au- Pb- Zn- W成矿带（东段）主要地质成矿特征及潜力分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘一  骆学全  张雪辉  班宜忠  曾勇  周宗尧  楼法生 《地质学报》2016,90(7):1551-1572

钦杭成矿带(东段)是我国重要的成矿带之一。随着地质大调查的开展,新的找矿进展和预测成果不断涌现,需要对其开展系统的成矿区划和部署研究工作。本文以新的研究成果和找矿突破为基础,结合区域成矿地质背景的综合研究,在区内划分了3个Ⅲ级成矿带及8个Ⅳ级成矿带,并论述了8个Ⅳ级成矿单元的成矿地质特征。钦杭成矿带(东段)的成矿作用具有多期成矿的时间分布特征,主要有晋宁、加里东、海西、燕山等4个成矿期,其中燕山期最为重要。区内矿床类型以斑岩-矽卡岩型、海底火山-热水喷流沉积型铜金多金属矿、石英脉型钨锡多金属、火山热液型铅锌金银多金属矿最为重要,还产出有韧性剪切带型(金山金矿)、石英脉型、构造蚀变岩型金矿,海相沉积型铁锰矿等众多矿床类型。结合区域找矿进展和潜力评价最新成果,认为Cu、Au、Ag、W、Mo、Pb、Zn等矿种资源量潜力优势显著。为下一步勘查部署的主攻矿种,同时在本区划分了9个远景区,对研究区下一步矿产勘查部署工作有一定指导意义。  相似文献   

Heterogeneous surface displacement pattern at the Hatchobaru geothermal field inferred from SAR interferometry time-series     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2016

We estimated surface displacements using persistent scatterer SAR interferometry (PS-InSAR) around the Hatchobaru geothermal field, Japan, from 18 ALOS/PALSAR images acquired from July 2007 to December 2010. Generally, geothermal fields, covered with natural targets such as rocky terrain and vegetation, have been one of the difficult targets for PS-InSAR analysis. However, we applied space adaptive filtering to increase the number of pixels for measuring surface displacement. The results of our analysis demonstrate ground subsidence with decaying velocity over the observation period around the geothermal field. The spatial pattern of ground subsidence includes sharp boundaries of subsidence that can be interpreted as fault traces. We demonstrated the usefulness of PS-InSAR analysis with the space adaptive filtering to estimate surface displacements with high spatial resolution and high spatial density around a geothermal field.  相似文献   

Landscape pattern and transition under natural and anthropogenic disturbance in an arid region of northwestern China     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2016

There is a pressing need to determine the relationships between driving variables and landscape transformations. Human activities shape landscapes and turn them into complex assemblages of highly diverse structures. Other factors, including climate and topography, also play significant roles in landscape transitions, and identifying the interactions among the variables is critical to environmental management. This study analyzed the configurations and spatial-temporal processes of landscape changes from 1998 to 2011 under different anthropogenic disturbances, identified the main variables that determine the landscape patterns and transitions, and quantified the relationships between pairs of driver sets. Landsat images of Baicheng and Tekes from 1998, 2006 and 2011 were used to classify landscapes by supervised classification. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and variation partitioning were performed to identify the main driving forces and to quantify the unique, shared, and total explained variation of the sets of variables. The results indicate that the proportions of otherwise identical landscapes in Baicheng and Tekes were very different. The area of the grassland in Tekes was much larger than that of the cropland; however, the differences between the grassland and cropland in Baicheng were not as pronounced. Much of the grassland in Tekes was located in an area that was near residents, whereas most of the grassland in Baicheng was far from residents. The slope, elevation, annual precipitation, annual temperature, and distance to the nearest resident were strong driving forces influencing the patterns and transitions of the landscapes. The results of the variation partitioning indicated complex interrelationships among all of the pairs of driver sets. All of the variable sets had significant explanatory roles, most of which had both unique and shared variations with the others. The results of this study can assist policy makers and planners in implementing sustainable landscape management and effective protection strategies.  相似文献   

Regional assessment of pan-Pacific urban environments over 25 years using annual gap free Landsat data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2016

Urbanization and the associated change in land cover has been intensifying across the globe in recent decades. Regional studies on the rate and amount of urban expansion are critical for understanding how patterns of change differ within and among cities with varying structure and development characteristics. Yet spatially consistent and timely information on urban development is difficult to access particularly across international jurisdictions. Remote sensing based technologies offer a unique perspective on urban land cover with the data offering significant potential to urban studies due to its consistent and ubiquitous nature. In this research we applied a pixel-based image composite technique to generate annual gap-free surface reflectance Landsat composites from 1984 to 2012 for 25 urban environments across 12 countries in the Pacific Rim. Using time series composites, spectral indices were calculated and compared using a hexagonal grid ring model to assess changes in vegetative and urban patterns. Trajectories were then clustered to further investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics and relationships among the 25 cities. Performance of the clustering analyses varied depended on the temporal and spatial metrics however overall clustering results indicated relatively strong spatio-temporal similarities among a number of key cities. Three pairs of cities—Melbourne and Sydney; Tianjin and Manila; and Singapore City and Kuala Lumpur were found to be highly similar in their urban and vegetation dynamics temporally and spatially. In contrast Vancouver and Las Vegas had no similar analogous. This work demonstrates the value of utilising annual Landsat time series composites for assessing urban vegetation and urban dynamics at regional scales and potential use in sustainable urban planning, resources allocation, and policy making.  相似文献