Multistage dolomitization and distribution of dolomitized bodies in Early Jurassic carbonate platforms (Southern Alps,Italy)     

PAOLA RONCHI  FLAVIO JADOUL  ANDREA CERIANI  ANDREA DI GIULIO  PAOLO SCOTTI  ANDREA ORTENZI  ELISABETTA PREVIDE MASSARA 《Sedimentology》2011,58(2):532-565

The Early Jurassic dolomitized carbonates are a hydrocarbon exploration target in Northern Italy. Of these carbonates, the Liassic Albenza Formation platform and the overlying Sedrina Formation shelf were studied to define a pervasive dolomitization model and to shed light on dolomite distribution in the sub‐surface. Field work, as well as analyses of well cores, stable isotopes, trace elements and fluid inclusions, was carried out on the outcropping thrust belt and sub‐surface deformed foreland of the Southern Alps. Petrographic analyses showed a first, pervasive, replacement dolomitization phase (D1) followed by volumetrically less important dolomite cement precipitation phases (D2, D3 and D4). The δ¹⁸O values fall between ?8·2‰ and 0·1‰ Vienna‐Pee Dee Belemnite with the more depleted samples belonging to dolomite cement‐rich dolostones; the δ¹³C ranges from 2·6‰ to 3·7‰ Vienna‐Pee Dee Belemnite. Analysis of trace elements showed different Fe and Mn contents in the sub‐surface and outcropping dolostones, and a higher Fe in the younger dolomite cements. An increase in the precipitation temperature (up to 130 °C from fluid inclusion data) and a decrease in diagenetic fluid salinity (from sea water to brackish) are observed from the first pervasive replacement dolomite to the dolomite cement phases. Field observations indicate that, in the Albenza Formation, dolomitization was limited to palaeohighs or faulted platform margins in the Early Jurassic carbonates. The pervasive replacement phase is interpreted based on a ‘compaction model’; the formation fluids expelled from compacting basinal carbonates could have funnelled along faults into permeable palaeohighs. The high homogenization temperature of the dolomite cements and decreased salinities indicate precipitation at great depth with an influx of meteoric water. These data, along with the thermal history, suggest that the dolomite cements precipitated according to the ‘tectonic squeegee’ dolomitization model. The dolomite precipitation temperature was set against the thermal history of the carbonate platform to interpret the timing of dolomite precipitation. The dolomite precipitation temperatures (90 to 100 °C) were reached in the studied formations first in the thrust fold belt (Early Tertiary, 60 Ma), and then in the foreland succession during the Late Tertiary (10 Ma). This observation suggests that the dolomite precipitation fronts moved southwards over time, recording a ‘diagenetic wave’ linked to the migration of the orogenic system. Observations suggest that the porosity increased during the first phase of replacement dolomitization while the dolomite cementation phases partially occluded the pores. The distribution of porous dolomitized bodies is therefore linked to the ‘compaction dolomitization’ model.  相似文献   

川东地区石炭系碳酸盐岩碳、氧、锶同位素特征及其成因分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王坤  李伟  陆进  张朝军 《地球化学》2011,(4):351-362

利用微量元素和碳、氧同位素特征对样品有效性作出了检验.在证明样品未受明显蚀变的前提下对川东地区石炭系碳酸盐岩碳、氧、锶同位素进行了分析.在层序地层格架中对比不同体系域、不同岩性的碳、氧同位素特征,87Sr/86Sr比值特征,Z值与古温度特征,分析了碳酸盐岩的成岩环境.低位体系域以膏盐湖及萨巴哈环境为主,炎热干旱,陆源淡...  相似文献   

四川盆地西部中二叠统白云岩/石的主要结构类型——兼论其与川东北上二叠统—三叠系白云岩/石的差异   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

黄思静  吕杰  兰叶芳  黄可可  王春梅 《岩石学报》2011,27(8):2253-2262

白云岩/石的结构在白云岩成因研究中具有重要意义。四川盆地西部中二叠统栖霞组的白云岩具有与盆地东北部上二叠统长兴组-三叠系不同的结构:盆地西部中二叠统栖霞组除存在一部分斑状晶白云岩以外,总体上缺乏原始结构保存的白云岩,白云石具有特征的非平直晶面他形晶和鞍形晶,且晶体较大;盆地东北部上二叠统长兴组-三叠系非常发育原始结构保存的白云岩,结晶白云岩也以晶体较小的平直晶面自形晶-半自形晶为主。对碳酸盐岩中白云石含量的分布模式而言,盆地西部中二叠统栖霞组出现频率最高的是白云石含量40%~60%的过渡岩石类型,这是一种非经典的分布模式,而盆地东北部上二叠统长兴组-三叠系则缺乏这样的过渡岩石类型,出现频率最高的是白云石含量大于90%和小于10%的端元岩石类型,这是一种经典的分布模式。白云岩/石的结构特征的差异反映盆地西部中二叠统栖霞组白云岩较高的结晶温度、较低的流体Mg/Ca比值、较短的白云化作用持续时间和不彻底的回头白云化作用;盆地东北部上二叠统长兴组-三叠系则主要是相对低温的,高Mg/Ca比值海源流体的彻底白云化作用。  相似文献   

四川盆地东北部晚二叠世-早三叠世白云岩与同期海水锶同位素组成的对比研究   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

黄思静  黄喻  兰叶芳  黄可可 《岩石学报》2011,27(12):3831-3842

在四川盆地东北部14条野外剖面和地下钻井的二叠系长兴组、三叠系飞仙关组和嘉陵江组石灰岩和白云岩岩石学研究的基础上,对其中189个不同类型的碳酸盐样品(包括代表海水的石灰岩样品和在不同成岩阶段形成的各种白云岩样品)进行了锶同位素组成和相应的MgO、CaO和Mn、Sr元素分析,获得了系统的晚二叠-早三叠世海水的锶同位素组成数据并建立了相应演化曲线.在此基础上,对不同地层组/段和不同类型白云岩的锶同位素组成与同期海水锶同位素组成进行了对照研究,取得了如下主要认识:(1)川东北晚二叠-早三叠世白云岩的锶同位素组成与同期海水具有类似的演化趋势,结合白云岩的低锰、高锶特征,说明白云化流体与海水存在显著的亲缘关系,与铝硅酸盐地层无关;(2)白云岩的锶同位素组成与同期海水存在差别,各地层组/段白云岩的87Sr/86Sr比值都不同程度地高于同期海水,但从下往上,即从长兴组、飞2+3段、嘉2段到嘉4段,这种差值逐渐缩小,嘉4段白云岩的锶同位素组成已和同期海水基本一致;(3)川东北长兴组、飞2+3段白云岩形成的时间显著晚于同层石灰岩,白云化流体为时间上更晚的海源流体,但嘉2、嘉4段白云岩的形成时间仅略晚于同层石灰岩,白云化流体来源于非常近同期的蒸发浓缩的高Mg/Ca比值海水,一些嘉4段的白云岩的白云化流体就是同期海水,因而这些白云岩是同生或准同生的;(4)如果把白云化的时间看作白云岩的形成时间,则违背地层叠置原理是川东北长兴组和飞仙关组结晶白云岩的主要特征之一,其形成机制可用非同期海源流体的隐伏回流-对流模式来解释,嘉陵江组白云岩形成机制可用活跃回流-萨布哈模式来解释.白云岩和代表同期海水的石灰岩锶同位素组成的对比为解决白云化流体与海水之间的时间关系提供一种新的研究途径.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶系马家沟组白云岩特征及成因机理分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄正良  包洪平  任军峰  白海峰  武春英 《现代地质》2011,25(5):925-930

宏观与微观结合并以地球化学分析为主要手段,研究认为:鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶系马家沟组存在准同生白云岩化、渗透回流及混合水白云岩化、埋藏白云岩化和热液白云岩化4种白云岩化成因。准同生白云岩主要发育于马一、三、五段,由常规蒸发泵白云岩化形成;渗透回流及混合水白云岩由富镁盐水下渗白云岩化以及富镁盐水混同大气淡水对先成碳酸盐岩进行白云岩化共同作用形成;埋藏白云岩为大气降水溶蚀古陆老硅铝质岩石形成的盐水下渗和海(湖)水沿溶蚀孔洞下渗这两种白云岩化叠加形成的;热液白云岩为热液在粗晶粒白云岩孔隙或构造裂缝中溶蚀碳酸盐岩,过饱和后晶出。  相似文献   

巴楚地区断裂带内热液流体活动及对碳酸盐岩改造的特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李朋  任建业  阳怀忠  胡德胜  张云鹏 《大地构造与成矿学》2011,35(3):378-385

以塔里木盆地巴楚隆起区良里塔格组露头剖面为例,应用薄片观察和阴极发光等岩石学分析方法以及碳氧同位素、87Sr/86Sr比值、常量元素和流体包裹体测温等地球化学定量分析手段,综合分析了构造热液活动对碳酸盐岩的改造作用.研究结果显示,发育在碳酸盐岩内的断裂带及其附近,局部白云岩化特征显著;碳氧同位素表现异常,由断裂的两盘向...  相似文献   

Mineralogy,nucleation and growth of dolomite in the laboratory and sedimentary environment: A review          下载免费PDF全文

Jay M. Gregg  David L. Bish  Stephen E. Kaczmarek  Hans G. Machel 《Sedimentology》2015,62(6):1749-1769

Dolomite [CaMg(CO₃)₂] forms in numerous geological settings, usually as a diagenetic replacement of limestone, and is an important component of petroleum reservoir rocks, rocks hosting base metal deposits and fresh water aquifers. Dolomite is a rhombohedral carbonate with a structure consisting of an ordered arrangement of alternating layers of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ cations interspersed with anion layers normal to the c‐axis. Dolomite has symmetry, lower than the (CaCO₃) symmetry of calcite primarily due to Ca–Mg ordering. High‐magnesium calcite also has symmetry and differs from dolomite in that Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions are not ordered. High‐magnesium calcite with near‐dolomite stoichiometry (≈50 mol% MgCO₃) has been observed both in nature and in laboratory products and is referred to in the literature as protodolomite or very high‐magnesium calcite. Many dolomites display some degree of cation disorder (Ca²⁺ on Mg²⁺ sites and vice versa), which is detectable using transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffractometry. Laboratory syntheses at high temperature and pressure, as well as studies of natural dolomites show that factors affecting dolomite ordering, stoichiometry, nucleation and growth include temperature, alkalinity, pH, concentration of Mg and Ca, Mg to Ca ratio, fluid to rock ratio, mineralogy of the carbonate being replaced, and surface area available for nucleation. In spite of numerous attempts, dolomite has not been synthesized in the laboratory under near‐surface conditions. Examination of published X‐ray diffraction data demonstrates that assertions of dolomite synthesis in the laboratory under near‐ambient conditions by microbial mediation are unsubstantiated. These laboratory products show no evidence of cation ordering and appear to be very high‐magnesium calcite. Elevated‐temperature and elevated‐pressure experiments demonstrate that dolomite nucleation and growth always are preceded by very high‐magnesium calcite formation. It remains to be demonstrated whether microbial‐mediated growth of very high‐magnesium calcite in nature provides a precursor to dolomite nucleation and growth analogous to reaction paths in high‐temperature experiments.  相似文献   

Fluid–rock interactions associated with regional tectonics and basin evolution     

Simone Fontana  Fadi Henri Nader  Sadoon Morad  Andrea Ceriani  Ihsan Shakir Al‐Aasm  Jean‐Marc Daniel  Jean‐Marie Mengus 《Sedimentology》2014,61(3):660-690

An integrated approach consisting of fracture analysis, petrography, carbon, oxygen and strontium‐isotope analyses, as well as fluid‐inclusion micro‐thermometry, led to a better understanding of the evolution of fluid–rock interactions and diagenesis of the Upper Permian to Upper Triassic carbonates of the United Arab Emirates. The deposited carbonates were first marked by extensive early dolomitization. During progressive burial, the carbonates were affected by dolomite recrystallization as well as precipitation of vug and fracture‐filling dolomite, quartz and calcite cements. After considerable burial during the Middle Cretaceous, sub‐vertical north–south oriented fractures (F1) were cemented by dolomite derived from mesosaline to hypersaline fluids. Upon the Late Cretaceous maximum burial and ophiolite obduction, sub‐vertical east–west fractures (F2) were cemented by dolomite (Dc2) and saddle dolomite (Ds) derived from hot, highly saline fluids. Then, minor quartz cement has precipitated in fractures from hydrothermal brines. Fluid‐inclusion analyses of the various diagenetic phases imply the involvement of increasingly hot (200°C) saline brines (20 to 23% NaCl eq.). Through one‐dimensional burial history numerical modelling, the maximum temperatures reached by the studied rocks are estimated to be in the range of 160 to 200°C. Tectonically‐driven flux of hot fluids and associated diagenetic products are interpreted to have initiated during the Late Cretaceous maximum burial and lasted until the Oligocene–Miocene compressional tectonics and related uplift. The circulation of such hydrothermal brines led to partial dissolution of dolomites (Dc2 and Ds) and to precipitation of hydrothermal calcite C1 in new (mainly oriented north–south; F3) and pre‐existing, reactivated fractures. The integration of the obtained data confirms that the diagenetic evolution was controlled primarily by the interplay of the burial thermal evolution of the basin and the regional tectonic history. Hence, this contribution highlights the impacts of regional tectonics and basin history on diagenetic processes, which may subsequently affect reservoir properties.  相似文献   

Zebra and boxwork fabrics in hydrothermal dolomites of northern Canada: Indicators for dilational fracturing,dissolution or in situ replacement?     

David W. Morrow 《Sedimentology》2014,61(4):915-951

Zebra and boxwork fabrics in Manetoe and Presqu'ile hydrothermal dolomites provide critical data for discrimination between hypotheses for their origin. In a unique occurrence, sets of weakly imbricated, decimetre‐sized curvilinear lenticles of white dolospar are developed within sub‐metre sized tongues of greyish‐white dolomitized crinoidal packstone and grainstone. This nascent zebra fabric has developed along wavy to nodular intra‐bed sedimentary partings. Primary bedding can be traced through dolomitized masses containing these fabrics, into the surrounding undolomitized limestone. All zebra and boxwork fabrics are confined within single beds, consistent with an early burial time of origin. No change in bed thickness occurs across zebra or boxwork fabrics within beds; this indicates a dissolutional, rather than a dilational, origin for the creation of pore space partly cemented with white dolospar. The dolomitized groundmass displays an abruptly gradational or sharp transition to centripetal saddle dolomite cement, which partially to nearly completely, occludes vugs. Circulation of geothermally heated hypersaline Devonian Elk Point basinal sea water brines led to dissolution and replacive dolomitization of limestone adjacent to vugs, and near‐contemporaneous precipitation of white dolospar within dissolutional vugs, consistent with geochemical simulations. The presence of downward‐extending galleries of white dolospar‐cemented solution‐collapse breccia provides further support for an interpretation of regional thermally driven convection of hydrothermal evaporative sea water brines across a broad area of northern Canada. The absence of gases under pressure in vacuoles within fluid inclusions from Manetoe and Presqu'ile dolospars is also more consistent with a dissolutional and contemporaneous dolomitization origin for these fabrics, rather than an origin involving dilational fracturing for space creation and dolospar precipitation. The ubiquitous presence of zebra and boxwork fabrics in hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs indicates that they are not confined fault zones and instead occur wherever precursor limestones had relatively greater porosity and permeability prior to dolomitization.  相似文献   

羌塘盆地南部地区布曲组砂糖状白云岩埋藏成因的新证据   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

伊海生  陈志勇  季长军  杨晓萍  夏国清  吴驰华 《岩石学报》2014,30(3):737-746

羌塘盆地南部中侏罗统布曲组广泛发育东西向延伸长达100余千米的层状白云岩,它们具有典型的晶粒镶嵌结构,孔隙度最高达17.48%,且有油浸显示,是目前寻找优质储层的主要勘探目标。本文采用铸体薄片、阴极发光、包裹体测温、碳氧同位素等分析手段对这套含油白云岩进行了研究,结果表明该套白云岩为高温埋藏成因。白云岩包裹体均一温度分布在100～175℃之间,这一温度范围超过了近地表和浅埋藏阶段混合水成因白云岩范围,且雾心亮边结构的白云石在高温深埋藏阶段白云岩化过程中也可以形成,且亮边与核心光性方位一致,是空隙流体直接沉淀形成的共轴增生加大边。根据包裹体盐度的测量计算结果表明白云石化流体具有高盐度卤水特征。  相似文献