Shocks and shells in hot star winds     

A. Feldmeier  J. Puls  C. Reile  A. W. A. Pauldrach  R. P. Kudritzki  S. P. Owocki 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1995,233(1-2):293-299

Radiation-driven winds of hot, massive stars showvariability in UV and optical line profiles on time scales of hours to days.Shock heating of wind material is indicated by the observed X-ray emission. We present time-dependent hydrodynamical models of these winds, where flowstructures originate from a strong instability of the radiative driving. Recent calculations (Owocki 1992) of the unstable growth of perturbations were restricted by the assumptions of 1-D spherical symmetry and isothermality of the wind. We drop the latter assumption and include the energy transfer in the wind. This leads to a severe numerical shortcoming, whereby all radiative cooling zones collapse and the shocks become isothermal again. We propose a method to hinder this collapse. Calculations for dense supergiant winds then show: (1) The wind consists of a sequence of narrow and dense shells, which are enclosed by strong reverse shocks (with temperatures of 10⁶ to 10⁷ K) on their starward facing side. (2) Collisions of shells are frequent up to 6 to 7 stellar radii. (3) Radiative cooling is efficient only up to 4 to 6R _*. Beyond these radii, cooling zones behind shocks become broad and alter the wind structure drastically: all reverse shocks disappear, leaving regions ofpreviously heated gas.  相似文献   

Stability analysis of Llerin Rockfill Dam: An in situ direct shear test   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. Ramírez Oyanguren  C. Gonzlez Nicieza  M.I. lvarez Fernndez  C. Gonzlez Palacio 《Engineering Geology》2008,100(3-4):120-130

This paper analyzes the stability of the Llerin rockfill dam using Barton–Kjaernsli's shear criterion. To fit the parameters of this criterion, a direct shear test was designed that allows in situ calculation, using large-size samples of the shear stress at which failure is produced for different normal loads. These experimental values are then used to obtain more reliable values for the friction angle and the equivalent roughness of the rockfill material.The rockfill of Llerin dam is formed by a suitably ground gonfolite limestone rockfill that serves as a contention dam for a lagoon of mine tailings. The experimental results obtained in in situ tests were compared with those predicted by the shear criterion, subsequently determining the safety coefficient of the rockfill dam using the SLOPE computer program. We conclude that the values estimated via in situ testing permit the behaviour of the containment dam to be predicted more accurately.  相似文献   

基于显式统计原理的地质灾害区域预警方法初步研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

刘艳辉  刘传正连建发温铭生唐 灿 《中国地质》2008,35(2):344-350

区域预警是提高防灾减灾意识、有效减轻地质灾害造成损失的重要手段。地质灾害显式统计预警理论考虑了地质环境变化与降雨参数等多因素的耦合作用,克服了传统单一临界雨量判据方法的局限。笔者应用地质灾害显式统计预警的基本原理,以中国的东南区为例开展应用研究。选取岩土体类型、地形起伏等12个基础地质环境因素.通过确定性系数模型(CF)综合分析了地质灾害分布与地质环境基础因素的关系.选取地质灾害"潜势度"作为地质环境优劣的指标,并进行了定量计算。选取当日雨量和一个降雨过程的前期累计雨量作为降雨激发因素的指标.采用多元回归的统计分析方法,分析了地质环境因素、降雨激发因素的耦合作用与地质灾害发育情况之间的关系.建立了显式统计的地质灾害预警预报模型。以2006年5月18日台风"珍珠"登陆期间的实况预警情况对模型进行了应用校验。验证了显式统计预警原理及模型方法的可行性和实用性。  相似文献   

软黏土侧压力系数K0阶段性特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵玉花  沈日庚  李青 《岩土力学》2008,29(5):1264-1268

沿海软黏土的侧压力系数K0具有阶段性特征:当试验荷载P＜Pc'(土样的残余结构强度)时,K0值较小,试样的结构性好,呈现出似刚性的材料特征,侧压力系数小;当P＞Pc'时,K0值增大,土的微结构破坏,呈现出弹塑性体的材料特征,侧压力系数增大.而在工程实践中,受成孔、取土等诸多因素干扰,欠固结-正常固结的软黏性土的微结构的结构性易被破坏,使K0指标的阶段性特征不明显.  相似文献   

Correlation of Unconfined Compressive Strength with Young’s Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio in Gypsum from Sivas (Turkey)     

A. T. Arslan  M. Y. Koca  T. Aydogmus  H. Klapperich  H. R. Yılmaz 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2008,41(6):941-950

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Numerical Modelling of the Effect of Rock Heterogeneity on Dynamic Tensile Strength   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

W. C. Zhu 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2008,41(5):771-779

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Shear strength characteristics of Irbid clayey soil mixed with iron filling and iron filling–cement mixture     

Mousa F. Attom 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(4):781-788

Iron filling and iron filling–cement mixture were used to improve the shear strength characteristics of Irbid clayey soil. For this purpose, five types of Irbid clay soils were obtained and mixed with iron filling and iron filling–cement mixture at different percentages. Two sets of prepared samples were mixed with the admixture. The first set was prepared by mixing the soil samples with iron filling alone at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10% by dry weight of the soil. The second set was prepared by mixing with iron filling–cement mixture at equal ratio of the same percentages of the first set. An unconfined compression test was performed in this study to measure the shear strength properties of the soils. The test results showed that the increase in the percentages of the iron filling and iron filling–cement mixture up to 10% will result in increasing the maximum dry density of the soil and increase the unconfined compressive strength and the secant of modulus of elasticity of the clayey soil. Also, the addition of iron filling–cement mixture increased the unconfined compressive strength and secant modulus of elasticity of the clayey soil higher than the addition of iron filling alone.  相似文献   

K_o固结粘土各向异性不排水剪强度研究     

姜洪伟  赵锡宏 《岩土力学》1997,(2)

在三维各向异性弹塑性本构关系基础上，求解不排水条件和破坏条件，导出各种不同试验条件下K0团结粘土的各向异性不排水剪强度表达式。对常规超固结比定义下的不排水剪强度进行研究，将理论计算结果与试验结果进行比较，验证所提理论的合理性。  相似文献   

Structural geometry of the early Precambrian terrane south of Coimbatore in the “Palghat Gap”, southern India     

K. Naha  R. Srinivasan  G. K. Deb 《Journal of Earth System Science》1997,106(4):237-247

The ENE-plunging macroscopic folds, traced by calc gneiss interbanded with marble and sillimanite schist within the Peninsular Gneiss around Suganapuram in the ‘Palghat gap’ in southern India, represent structures of the second generation (D₂). They have folded the axial planes of a set of D₁ isoclinal folds on stratification coaxially, so that the mesoscopic D₁ folds range from reclined in the hinge zones, through inclined to upright in the limb zones of the D₂ folds. Orthogonal relation between stratification and axial planar cleavage, and ‘M’ shaped folds on layering locate the hinge zones of the D₁ folds, whereas folds on axial planar cleavage with ‘M’ shaped folds are the sites of the D₂ fold hinges. Extreme variation in the shapes of the isoclinal D₁ folds from class 1B through class 1C to nearly class 2 of Ramsay is a consequence of buckling followed by flattening on layers of widely varying viscosity contrast. The large ENE-trending structures in this supracrustal belt within the Peninsular Gneiss in the ‘Palghat gap’ could not have evolved by reorientation of NS-trending structures of the Dharwar tectonic province to the north by movement along the Moyar-Bhavani shear zone which marks the boundary between the two provinces. This is because the Moyar and Bhavani faults are steep dipping reverse faults with dominant dip-slip component. Deceased  相似文献   

膨胀混凝土在加固钻孔灌注桩中的应用     

颜万才 《江苏地质》1997,21(2):103-106

膨胀混凝土应用于钻孔灌注桩中，能够提高桩土效应、桩的承载力和混凝土强度，节约水泥用量。通过一工程实例证明，采用膨胀混凝土是解决钻孔灌注桩缺陷问题的一种有效途径。  相似文献