Correction of the ionospheric distortion on the MARSIS surface sounding echoes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Mouginot  W. Kofman  A. Safaeinili  A. Herique 《Planetary and Space Science》2008,56(7):917-926

Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) on the Mars Express (MEX) spacecraft has made numerous measurements of the Martian surface and subsurface. However, all of these measurements are distorted by the ionosphere and must be compensated before any analysis. We have developed a technique to compensate for the ionospheric distortions. This technique provides a powerful tool to derive the total electron content (TEC) and other higher-order terms of the limited expansion of the plasma dispersion function that are related to overall shape of the electron column profile. The derived parameters are fitted by using a Chapman model to derive ionospheric parameters like n₀, electron density primary peak (maximum for solar zenith angle (SZA) equal 0), and the neutral height scale H.

Our estimated ionospheric parameters are in good agreement with Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) radio-occultation data. However, since MARSIS does not have the observation geometry limitations of the radio occultation measurements, our derived parameters extend over a large range of SZA for each MEX orbit.

The first results from our technique have been discussed by Safaeinili et al. [2007, Estimation of the total electron content of the Martian ionosphere using radar sounder surface echoes. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, L23204, doi:10.1029/2007GL032154].  相似文献   

川西甲基卡花岗伟晶岩型锂矿床中熔体、流体包裹体固相物质研究     

熊欣  李建康  王登红  刘丽君  代洪章 《岩石矿物学杂志》2019,38(2):241-253

川西甲基卡二云母花岗岩和伟晶岩内发育大量原生熔体包裹体和富晶体流体包裹体。为了查明甲基卡成矿熔体、流体性质与演化特征,运用激光拉曼光谱和扫描电镜鉴定了甲基卡花岗伟晶岩型锂矿床中二云母花岗岩及伟晶岩脉不同结构带内的原生熔体、流体包裹体的固相物质。分析结果表明,甲基卡二云母花岗岩石英内熔体包裹体的矿物组合为磷灰石+白云母、白云母+钠长石、白云母+石墨;伟晶岩绿柱石内富晶体流体包裹体的矿物组合主要为刚玉、富铝铁硅酸盐+刚玉+锂辉石、锂辉石+石英+锂绿泥石;伟晶岩锂辉石内富晶体流体包裹体的矿物组合主要为磷灰石、锡石、磁铁矿、石英+钠长石+锂绿泥石、萤石、富钙镁硅酸盐+富铁铝硅酸盐+富铁硅酸盐+石英;花岗岩浆熔体与伟晶岩浆熔体(流体)具有一定的差异,成矿熔体、流体成分总体呈现出碱质元素(Na、Si、Al)、挥发分(F、P、CO_2)含量增高及基性元素(Fe、Mg、Ca)降低的特征;包裹体中子矿物与主矿物的化学成分具有一定的差别,揭示出伟晶岩熔体(流体)存在局部岩浆分异作用,具不混溶性及非均匀性。因此认为,伟晶岩熔浆(流体)为岩浆分异与岩浆不混溶共同作用的产物,挥发分含量的增高(F、P、CO_2)使伟晶岩能够与稀有金属组成各类络合物或化合物,这对于稀有金属成矿起到了至关重要的作用。  相似文献   

上扬子西南缘早三叠世嘉陵江组物源分析和构造环境:沉积学、重矿物电子探针和U- Pb年龄的限定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张英利  贾晓彤  王宗起  王坤明  陈木银 《地质学报》2019,93(12):3197-3222

上扬子西南缘地区广泛分布峨眉山玄武岩,受其影响在中带金阳和外带荥经地区嘉陵江组发育滨岸和潮坪环境沉积物。本文在交错层理恢复的物源方向基础上,根据重矿物组成、重矿物电子探针和碎屑锆石测年结果,综合分析不同区域嘉陵江组物源区,进而探讨嘉陵江组形成的构造环境。嘉陵江组砂岩碎屑重矿物锆石、磷灰石、铬尖晶石等指示物源主要来自于岩浆岩,且自中带至外带基性岩浆岩所占比重逐渐减少。电气石电子探针分析显示,二者物源主要来自于贫锂花岗岩和变质砂岩、板岩。铬尖晶石显示,金阳地区物源来自峨眉山玄武岩和洋岛岩浆岩类岩石,荥经物源主要来自洋岛岩浆岩类岩石,个别为峨眉山玄武岩。碎屑锆石表明,嘉陵江组物源主要来自于新元古代岩浆岩和晚二叠世峨眉山玄武岩,前者经历再搬运。综合物源分析表明,嘉陵江组物源主要来自康滇古陆,岩石类型主要为峨眉山玄武岩和砂岩等。沉积序列和物源分析表明,嘉陵江组反映了沉积物蚀顶过程。结合地震资料、大火成岩省的分析成果表明,嘉陵江组形成于火山型裂谷边缘。  相似文献   

蚀变粗面岩中再平衡结构黑云母的电子探针分析     

聂潇  王宗起  陈雷  陈浦浦  王刚 《岩矿测试》2019,38(5):565-574

黑云母的化学成分中蕴含着重要的成因信息,对具有交代结构的黑云母进行微区成分分析,能够精细反映交代蚀变过程中元素迁移情况,为解决矿床形成机制方面的科学问题提供矿物学证据。本文以北大巴山平利地区蚀变粗面岩中具有再平衡结构的黑云母斑晶为研究对象,进行电子探针面扫描和剖面成分分析。结果表明,斑晶内部为岩浆成因黑云母,边缘为"扩散-反应"过程所致的再平衡成因黑云母。斑晶边缘与内部相比,TiO_2含量由平均5.78%降至2.22%,表明在交代蚀变过程中黑云母中Ti等高场强元素被淋滤出进入流体;而CaO含量由平均0.06%升至0.14%,F含量由平均0.60%升至0.80%,指示蚀变流体内富含Ca、F等组分。本研究揭示了粗面岩中铌矿床的形成与热液作用关系密切,成矿流体中Ca、F等组分在铌元素的迁移及富集过程中具有重要作用。  相似文献   

‘Box‐Profile’ Ion Implants as Geochemical Reference Materials for Electron Probe Microanalysis and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry     

Haosheng Wu  Roman Bttger  Frdric Couffignal  Jens Gutzmer  Joachim Krause  Frans Munnik  Axel D. Renno  Ren Hübner  Michael Wiedenbeck  Ren Ziegenrücker 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2019,43(4):531-541

Although electron probe microanalysis and secondary ion mass spectrometry are widely used analytical techniques for geochemical and mineralogical applications, metrologically rigorous quantification remains a major challenge for these methods. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in particular is a matrix‐sensitive method, and the use of matrix‐matched reference materials (RMs) is essential to avoid significant analytical bias. A major problem is that the number of available RMs for SIMS is extremely small compared with the needs of analysts. One approach for the production of matrix‐specific RMs is the use of high‐energy ion implantation that introduces a known amount of a selected isotope into a material. We chose the more elaborate way of implanting a so‐called ‘box‐profile’ to generate a quasi‐homogeneous concentration of the implanted isotope in three dimensions, which allows RMs not only to be used for ion beam analysis but also makes them suitable for EPMA. For proof of concept, we used the thoroughly studied mineralogically and chemically ‘simple’ SiO₂ system. We implanted either ⁴⁷Ti or ⁴⁸Ti into synthetic, ultra‐high‐purity silica glass. Several ‘box‐profiles’ with mass fractions between 10 and 1000 μg g^?1 Ti and maximum depths of homogeneous Ti distribution between 200 nm and 3 μm were produced at the Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research of Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf. Multiple implantation steps using varying ion energies and ion doses were simulated with Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) software, optimising for the target concentrations, implantation depths and technical limits of the implanter. We characterised several implant test samples having different concentrations and maximum implantation depths by means of SIMS and other analytical techniques. The results show that the implant samples are suitable for use as reference materials for SIMS measurements. The multi‐energy ion implantation technique also appears to be a promising procedure for the production of EPMA‐suitable reference materials.  相似文献   

Effects of the peat acid digestion protocol on geochemically and morphologically diverse tephra deposits     

Alistair J. Monteath  Alex E. Teuten  Paul D. M. Hughes  Stefan Wastegrd 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(4-5):269-274

Tephra shards for electron probe microanalysis are most efficiently extracted from peat using acid digestion, which removes organic material that hinders density separation methods. However, strong acids are known to alter glass chemical compositions, and several studies have examined how acid digestion affects rhyolitic volcanic glass. The focus on rhyolitic tephra in these studies leaves considerable uncertainty, as the dissolution rates of natural glasses (including tephra) are determined by the chemical composition and surface area/volume ratio, both of which vary in tephra deposits. Here, we use duplicate samples of basaltic, trachydacitic and rhyolitic tephra to examine physical and geochemical alteration following acid digestion. Scanning electron microscope imagery reveals no discernible degradation of glass surfaces, and electron probe microanalysis results from duplicate samples are statistically indistinguishable. These findings suggest the acid digestion protocol for organic peats does not significantly alter glass geochemistry regardless of shard morphologies or geochemical compositions.  相似文献   

平端深海偏顶蛤(Gigantidas platifrons)实验室蓄养过程鳃部含菌上皮细胞超微结构动态变化研究     

钟兆山  王敏晓  孙园园  王孝程  陈浩  孙妍  李梦娜  李超伦 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(4):952-959

平端深海偏顶蛤(Gigantidasplatifrons)是南海台西南冷泉区的典型优势物种,鳃丝上皮细胞内共生大量甲烷氧化菌,通过甲烷有氧氧化合成有机物为共生体系提供物质能量,是平端深海偏顶蛤赖以生存的重要能量来源器官,溶酶体在共生体系的营养互作和稳态维持中可能发挥重要作用,本研究使用电镜技术观测了常压培养过程中(0d,30d,90d)平端深海偏顶蛤共生体系中共生菌和溶酶体的动态变化,通过鳃上皮含菌细胞超显微结构的变化研究常压培养对深海共生体系的影响,并探讨溶酶体在宿主—共生菌营养传递和共生菌群稳态维持中的关键作用。研究发现,在原位状态样品中(0d)共生菌和溶酶体呈极化分布,细胞结构完整清晰;蓄养30d后,含菌细胞出现明显破碎,共生菌数量大幅降低,溶酶体数量、范围和消化程度大幅增加,对细胞顶端的甲烷氧化菌进行分解;而90d后,共生菌在溶酶体的作用下消失殆尽,鳃部有明显细胞脱落后留下的坑洞,细胞呈现空泡状,无法明确区分各种细胞组分。上述结果展示了长期常压蓄养过程中鳃上皮含菌细胞中溶酶体与甲烷氧化菌的动态变化,推测当共生菌丢失后溶酶体也同步降低活跃度,平端深海偏顶蛤在共生互作中通过溶酶体主导消化和调控共生菌。  相似文献   

不同NeQuick电离层模型参数的应用精度分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

王宁波  袁运斌  李子申  李敏  霍星亮 《测绘学报》2017,46(4):421-429

Galileo采用NeQuick作为全球广播电离层模型,其实际应用中以有效电离水平因子Az代替太阳活动指数作为NeQuick的输入参数,并利用二次多项式拟合得到广播星历中播发的3个电离层参数。本文在总结和讨论NeQuick模型参数估计方法及其变化特征的基础上,分别以全球电离层格网、GPS基准站及JASON-2测高卫星提供的电离层TEC为参考,分析不同NeQuick模型参数(包括以太阳活动参数F10.7为输入的NeQuick2、以本文解算参数为输入的NeQuickC和以Galileo广播电离层参数为输入的NeQuickG)在全球大陆及海洋地区的应用精度,并与GPS广播的Klobuchar模型对比。结果表明,NeQuickG在全球范围内的修正精度为54.2%~65.8%,NeQuickC的修正精度为71.1%~74.2%,NeQuick2的修正精度与NeQuickG相当,略优于GPS广播星历中播发的Klobuchar模型。  相似文献   

太阳活动高峰年山东区域电离层时空变化研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

史坤朋  郭金运  董正华  周长志 《测绘科学》2017,(12):32-38

2012年为太阳活动高峰年份,为了研究太阳活动高年区域电离层的变化特征,该文选取了山东区域内的SDCORS站点,构建了山东区域垂直电子含量(VTEC)球谐格网模型,对该年山东区域电离层时空变化规律进行分析。实验研究表明,在空间变化上山东区域电离层表现出较强的纬度相关性,出现了明显的分层现象。同时给出了山东电离层在时间上呈现出的时段变化、日变化、月变化、季节变化,发现VTEC受太阳活动影响较大,除了存在明显的单峰和双峰结构外,该年还发生了半年度异常现象。  相似文献   

极光粒子沉降研究:谱形式及其在极区大气中的传输   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

宗秋刚  付绥燕  濮祖荫  叶宗海  余彬 《极地研究》1999,11(3):203-220

分析了近年来南极地区极光沉降粒子的卫星、火箭、地面观测和研究结果,分别给出了极光椭圆区、极盖区、南大西洋异常区和极尖／极隙区粒子沉降的形式来源和特点。并根据磁尾研究的新进展,提出极光粒子沉降谱存在另外两种形式谱：（１）κ分布谱;（２）κ分布加上一个或多个脉冲谱,这两种谱来源于磁尾中性片区（绝热区非绝热区）。南极不同的区域,极光粒子有不同的沉降特点。这些沉降对极区电离层产生极大的影响。根据带电粒子在磁化大气中运动的Ｆｏｋｋｅｒ Ｐｌａｎｋ 方程,利用带电粒子在大气中传输的电离理论,导出极光粒子谱在极区大气中传播的解析表达式,对各种极光粒子谱在极区中的演化规律加以分析,并以此来解释在南极地区探测到的不同高度的极光电子谱的演化  相似文献