滨海城市旅游安全预警与事故应急救援系统设计   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23  

任学慧  王月 《地理科学进展》2005,24(4):123-128

针对滨海城市旅游的特点,以4S技术与TIS集成构建滨海城市旅游安全预警与事故应急救援系统,该系统具有旅游环境和事故安全预警、应急事故处理决策及应急救援网络组织互动等功能,实现了旅游管理的科学化、可视化、智能化,它不仅能为政府机构的管理决策提供科学依据,而且是旅游及其相关管理部门实施旅游安全管理的有力工具。  相似文献   

河口和沿岸海域的富营养化评价模型   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14  

王保栋 《海洋科学进展》2005,23(1):82-86

河口和沿岸海域富营养化评价模型和方法,已经从以营养盐为基础的第1代评价体系发展到当前的以富营养化症状为基础的第2代多参数富营养化评价模型和方法。重点介绍了2种有代表性的、被广泛应用的河口和沿岸海域富营养化评价方法：综合评价法(OSPAR-COMPP)和河口营养状况评价法(ASSETS),比较和评价了这2种方法的特点、异同和优缺点,并建议尽快建立适合我国河口和沿岸海域特点的富营养化评价模型和方法以及相应的监测和管理体系。  相似文献   

洪灾风险评价与区划研究进展   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

黄大鹏  刘闯  彭顺风 《地理科学进展》2007,26(4):11-22

洪灾风险评价是洪灾风险管理的首要步骤。洪灾风险区划是在洪灾风险评价基础上的宏 观分区， 有助于更清晰的把握洪灾风险的空间格局与内在规律。文章首先对洪灾风险相关概念进 行了阐述， 试图达到理清和规范的目的。然后对洪灾风险评价常用方法和洪灾风险区划研究进行 了评述。目前主要的洪灾风险评价方法有地貌学方法、水文水力学模型与系统仿真模拟方法、基 于历史灾情数据的方法、基于水灾史料和古洪水调查的方法、遥感与GIS 方法、基于洪灾形成机 制的系统分析方法等。最后对洪灾风险评价与洪灾风险区划研究进行了小结， 并指出了未来在洪 灾风险评价与区划的数据基础、洪灾风险评价的时空尺度、洪灾风险区划的理论与方法、洪灾风 险评价与区划的技术手段等方面的可能发展前景。  相似文献   

Visualization and damage assessment for flooded area     

SUGuozhong YANLi LIUNan LIURenyi 《地球空间信息科学学报》2004,7(3):180-186

A practical method for visualizing flood area and evaluating damage is presented, which consists of two technical approaches: self-programming and adapting commercial GIS platforms. The low-cost and easy-to-use GIS-Based model developed by self-programming can meet current requirements of most local authorities, especially in developing countries. In this model, two cases, non-source flood and source flood, are distinguished and the Seed-spread algorithm suitable for source-flood is discussed; The flood damage is assessed by overlaying the flood area range with thematic maps and other related social and economic data. and all the-matic maps are converted to raster format before overlay analysis. Two measures are taken to improve the operation efficiency of speed seed-spread algorithm. The accuracy of the model mainly depends on the resolution and precision of the DEM data, and the accuracy of registering all raster layers and the quality of attribute data.  相似文献   

断层地表潜在突发位移的概率评价初探   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

冉洪流  周本刚 《地震地质》2004,26(1):133-140

目前跨活动断层的线状工程的抗断设防仍采用确定性评价方法 ,考虑的是最大位错量 ,与抗御灾害的风险设计的实际要求不相符。文中将断层上最大位错点的位置分布及最大位错点两侧的位错展布 ,与可产生地表突发位移的强震复发模型联合 ,建立了评估活动断层各部位的地表潜在突发位移的概率性评价方法。最后 ,以怀涿盆地北缘正断裂中的沈庄 -长疃段为例 ,对其未来 10 0a潜在突发位移的危险性做出定量评估 ,给出了断层段上各点不同超越概率水平下的潜在位移。这一研究结果 ,可为跨断裂的线型工程进行抗御地表潜在突发位移的风险设计提供参考  相似文献   

滨海新区温带风暴潮灾害风险评估研究   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

傅赐福  于福江  王培涛  刘秋兴  董剑希 《海洋学报》2013,35(1):55-62

建立了一套基于非结构三角网、适用于滨海新区的高分辨率风暴潮漫滩数值模式,在陆地区域分辨率达到50~80 m,对两次典型的温带风暴潮进行模拟得到满意结果。计算了塘沽站19 a平均天文高潮值并根据对历史天气过程的分析,选取制定了4个强度的天气系统,而后模拟得到不同强度下滨海新区的温带风暴潮最大淹没范围。综合考虑风暴潮淹没风险与承灾体脆弱性制作出滨海新区温带风暴潮灾害风险图。结果表明:大部分地区都存在风暴潮灾害风险,沿海地区风险大于内陆,其中天津新港、临港工业区、海河北岸地区、大港地区南部的灾害风险最大。  相似文献   

烟台港倾倒区表层沉积物重金属的富集特征及风险评价     

宁璇璇  夏炳训  姜军成  杨鲁宁  纪殿胜 《海洋科学》2013,37(4):88-94

分析了2001~2011年烟台港倾倒区表层沉积物中6种重金属的含量及时空分布特征,采用地累积指数(Igeo)和潜在生态风险指数(ERI)对重金属富集现状及潜在生态风险进行评价。结果显示：历次调查重金属含量均较低且空间分布差异小,与黄海背景值相比, Cd和Cu出现一定程度的富集。ERI评价表明2011年倾倒区潜在生态风险性较低,年际变化顺序为：2008年＞2006年＞2009年＞2011年＞2001年, Cd和Hg是近年来的主要风险因子。  相似文献   

Assessment and management of Cape horse mackerel Trachurus capensis off Namibia based on a fleet-disaggregated age-structured production model     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):525-541

The Cape horse mackerel stock off Namibia is assessed using a fleet-disaggregated age-structured production model including historical International Commission for the Southeast Atlantic Fisheries (ICSEAF) and current data. Data from acoustic biomass surveys, on commercial catch per unit effort and on commercial catch-at-age, were used to estimate current stock status over a range of model specifications. A management tool, the so-called management monitor graph, was introduced in order to track past management relative to stock status. Target, limit and precautionary reference points, decision rules and harvesting strategies, according to which the stock should be managed, are described and tested. The target reference point was set at maximum sustainable yield (MSY), the precautionary reference point at 80% of MSY and the limit reference point at 30% of MSY. Owing to some inconsistencies in the dataseries, evaluation of the current state of the resource is challenging, but estimates are that the resource is around the MSY level, somewhere between 250 000 and 300 000 t.  相似文献   

Environment and Deep-Sea Mining: A Perspective     

B. Nagender Nath  R. Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3):285-294

Abstract

As the quest for deep-sea mineral resources is gaining momentum, environment and ocean mining have become important aspects of study. Because many of these deposits occur in international waters, the concern for environmental conservation in view of the effects of deep-sea mining is resulting in these effects being studied in different oceans, and efforts to develop regulations governing this exploitation are also underway at national and international levels. The impact assessment of deep-sea mining needs to encompass a variety of subjects, including environmental, socioeconomic, technological, and legal aspects. At the same time, effects of in situ environmental conditions on mining activities also need to be considered for effecient performance by the mining system. Differences in the degree of impact have been noticed during the mining simulation experiments by different investigating agencies. Therefore, interparameter comparisons, standardization of methods, and improvement in mining design are important considerations for proper utilization of resources, conservation of environment, and cost efficiency of the mining operations.  相似文献   

Environmental Issues Pertaining to the Kwale Mineral Sands Project,Kenya's South Coast—Reply     

J. Schwarz 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(2):145-149

Tiomin Resources Inc. (“Tiomin”), the proponent of the Kwale Mineral Sands Project in Kenya, presents a response to the article authored by J. O. Z. Abuodha and P. O. Hayombe, entitled “Protracted Environmental Issues on a Proposed Titanium Minerals Development in Kenya's South Coast”, published in Volume 24, Number 2, April–June 2006. This article contains a series of inaccuracies, some grossly misleading and many statements relate to outdated information. Tiomin is greatly concerned at the publication of such a misleading report and is obliged to state the facts correctly. This response seeks to identify the misrepresentation of statements and/or facts in the article and present a correct and accurate perspective on the environmental issues of the project.  相似文献