The Aguablanca Ni–(Cu) sulfide deposit, SW Spain: geologic and geochemical controls and the relationship with a midcrustal layered mafic complex     

Fernando Tornos  Carmen Galindo  César Casquet  Luis Rodríguez Pevida  César Martínez  Enrique Martínez  Francisco Velasco  Alexander Iriondo 《Mineralium Deposita》2006,41(8):737-769

The Aguablanca Ni–(Cu) sulfide deposit is hosted by a breccia pipe within a gabbro–diorite pluton. The deposit probably formed due to the disruption of a partially crystallized layered mafic complex at about 12–19 km depth and the subsequent emplacement of melts and breccias at shallow levels (<2 km). The ore-hosting breccias are interpreted as fragments of an ultramafic cumulate, which were transported to the near surface along with a molten sulfide melt. Phlogopite Ar–Ar ages are 341–332 Ma in the breccia pipe, and 338–334 Ma in the layered mafic complex, and are similar to recently reported U–Pb ages of the host Aguablanca Stock and other nearby calc-alkaline metaluminous intrusions (ca. 350–330 Ma). Ore deposition resulted from the combination of two critical factors, the emplacement of a layered mafic complex deep in the continental crust and the development of small dilational structures along transcrustal strike-slip faults that triggered the forceful intrusion of magmas to shallow levels. The emplacement of basaltic magmas in the lower middle crust was accompanied by major interaction with the host rocks, immiscibility of a sulfide melt, and the formation of a magma chamber with ultramafic cumulates and sulfide melt at the bottom and a vertically zoned mafic to intermediate magmas above. Dismembered bodies of mafic/ultramafic rocks thought to be parts of the complex crop out about 50 km southwest of the deposit in a tectonically uplifted block (Cortegana Igneous Complex, Aracena Massif). Reactivation of Variscan structures that merged at the depth of the mafic complex led to sequential extraction of melts, cumulates, and sulfide magma. Lithogeochemistry and Sr and Nd isotope data of the Aguablanca Stock reflect the mixing from two distinct reservoirs, i.e., an evolved siliciclastic middle-upper continental crust and a primitive tholeiitic melt. Crustal contamination in the deep magma chamber was so intense that orthopyroxene replaced olivine as the main mineral phase controlling the early fractional crystallization of the melt. Geochemical evidence includes enrichment in SiO₂ and incompatible elements, and Sr and Nd isotope compositions (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i 0.708–0.710; ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd_i 0.512–0.513). However, rocks of the Cortegana Igneous Complex have low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and high initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd values suggesting contamination by lower crustal rocks. Comparison of the geochemical and geological features of igneous rocks in the Aguablanca deposit and the Cortegana Igneous Complex indicates that, although probably part of the same magmatic system, they are rather different and the rocks of the Cortegana Igneous Complex were not the direct source of the Aguablanca deposit. Crust–magma interaction was a complex process, and the generation of orebodies was controlled by local but highly variable factors. The model for the formation of the Aguablanca deposit presented in this study implies that dense sulfide melts can effectively travel long distances through the continental crust and that dilational zones within compressional belts can effectively focus such melt transport into shallow environments.Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users.  相似文献   

15,000 Years of mass-movement history in Lake Lucerne: Implications for seismic and tsunami hazards   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Michael Schnellmann  Flavio S. Anselmetti  Domenico Giardini  Judith A. Mckenzie 《Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae》2006,99(3):409-428

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The Alpine evolution of the Southern Alps around the Giudicarie faults: A Late Cretaceous to Early Eocene transfer zone     

Alberto Castellarin  Gian Battista Vai  Luigi Cantelli 《Tectonophysics》2006,414(1-4):203

Data supporting relevant Late Cretaceous–Early Eocene sinistral displacement along the Giudicarie fault zone and a minor Neogene dextral displacement along the Periadriatic lineament are discussed. The pre-Adamello structural belt is present only in the internal Lombardy zone, located W of the Adamello massif. This belt is unknown in the Dolomites and surrounding areas located to the E of the Giudicarie lineament. Upper Cretaceous–Early Eocene thick syntectonic Flysch deposits of Lombardy and Giudicarie are well preserved along the southern and eastern border of the pre-Adamello belt (S-vergent Alpine orogen). Towards the E, in the Dolomites and in the Carnic Alps and external Dinarides, only incomplete remnants of Flysch deposits, Aptian–Albian and Turonian–Maastrichtian in age, are present. They can be considered as equivalent to those of Lombardy and Giudicarie formerly in connection to each other along the N-Giudicarie corridor. To the S, the syntectonic Flysch deposits are laterally replaced by the calcareous red pelagites of the Scaglia Rossa and by the carbonate shelf deposits of the Friuli (to the E) and Bagnolo (to the S) carbonate platforms. The different location in the southern structural accretion of the eastern and western opposite blocks (the Dolomites versus the pre-Adamello belt) can be related to the Cretaceous–Eocene convergence. In this frame, the N-Giudicarie fault has been considered as part of a former transfer zone, which produced the sinistral lateral displacement of the Southern Alps front for an amount of some 50 km. During the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene the transfer zone was mostly sealed by the Paleogene Adamello batholith. Oligocene to Neogene compressional evolution inverted the N-Giudicarie fault into a backthrust of the Austroalpine units over the South-Alpine chain.  相似文献   

Earthquake-induced deformation structures in lake deposits: A Late Pleistocene to Holocene paleoseismic record for Central Switzerland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Katrin Monecke  Flavio S. Anselmetti  Arnfried Becker  Michael Schnellmann  Michael Sturm  Domenico Giardini 《Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae》2006,99(3):343-362

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Lithospheric controls on the formation of provinces hosting giant orogenic gold deposits   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Frank P. Bierlein  David I. Groves  Richard J. Goldfarb  Benoit Dubé 《Mineralium Deposita》2006,40(8):874-886

Ages of giant gold systems (>500 t gold) cluster within well-defined periods of lithospheric growth at continental margins, and it is the orogen-scale processes during these mainly Late Archaean, Palaeoproterozoic and Phanerozoic times that ultimately determine gold endowment of a province in an orogen. A critical factor for giant orogenic gold provinces appears to be thickness of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) beneath a province at the time of gold mineralisation, as giant gold deposits are much more likely to develop in orogens with subducted oceanic or thin continental lithosphere. A proxy for the latter is a short pre-mineralisation crustal history such that thick SCLM was not developed before gold deposition. In constrast, orogens with protracted pre-mineralisation crustal histories are more likely to be characterised by a thick SCLM that is difficult to delaminate, and hence, such provinces will normally be poorly endowed. The nature of the lithosphere also influences the intrinsic gold concentrations of potential source rocks, with back-arc basalts, transitional basalts and basanites enriched in gold relative to other rock sequences. Thus, segments of orogens with thin lithosphere may enjoy the conjunction of giant-scale fluid flux through gold-enriched sequences. Although the nature of the lithosphere plays the crucial role in dictating which orogenic gold provinces will contain one or more giant deposits, the precise siting of those giants depends on the critical conjunction of a number of province-scale factors. Such features control plumbing systems, traps and seals in tectonically and lithospherically suitable terranes within orogens.  相似文献   

东疆沙泉子铜和铜铁矿床岩（矿）石地球化学研究与地质找矿前景   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

方维萱  高珍权  贾润幸  刘正桃李丰收徐国端 《岩石学报》2006,22(5):1413-1424

沙泉子铜铁矿床安山岩类和闪长岩属偏碱性的钙碱性系列。（玄武）安山岩中含SiO2在49．2％．59．97％，多数样品含铝在16．66％以上，具有高铝玄武安山岩特点，含Na2O为2．19％～5．1％，K2O为0．61％．3．2％，（Na2O＋K2O）为5．32％-7．03％，Na2O／K2O值在1．07-8．36。本区安山岩类和闪长斑岩具有明显的Rb、Th-U-K、La-Ce、Pb和P正异常，富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素（LREE），具有明显的Ta．Nb、Sr负异常、中等Eu和Ti负异常，地球化学特征表明它们可能形成在活动大陆边缘上的陆缘岛弧构造背景中。这对于形成大型-超大型斑岩-夕卡岩型铜和铜铁矿床十分有利，深部隐伏矿床的找矿勘查是今后主攻方向。  相似文献   

一种新的地质地貌景观类型——西藏札达盆地古格地貌的特征与成因初探     

孟宪刚朱大岗  邵兆刚杨朝斌  韩建恩余佳 孟庆伟 《地质通报》2006,25(1):295-301

札达盆地位于西藏西南边陲,构造上处于喜马拉雅断块挠起带头部内侧,呈NW-SE走向,长约1000km,宽约70km,总面积约40000km2,海拔约4500m.盆地中地层呈明显的二元结构特征.基底岩石为三叠纪-侏罗纪灰岩、砂岩和板岩,盖层为上新世-早更新世早期沉积的固结和半固结岩石,因受喜马拉雅断块挠起运动的影响,形成NW、NE和近EW、SN向等多组节理裂隙.晚新生代以来,盆地上升,在构造节理的主导下,穿越盆地的象泉河及其支流对岩石地层进行侵蚀、切割,在雨水的淋蚀、寒冻风化的剥蚀作用下,逐渐形成现今大小不同和形态奇特的半固结砂泥岩塔林地貌景观-古格地貌,这是中国地质地貌景观的一种新类型.  相似文献   

大型超大型金属矿床综合信息成矿预测方法研究   总被引：22，自引：12，他引：10  

李景朝  刘少华  严光生 《地球物理学进展》2002,17(4):736-744

大型超大型矿床在其时空分布、控矿因素、形成机制、成矿模式诸方面与一般中小型矿床有相似甚至雷同之处,也有其特殊、独特方面,研究预测大型超大型矿床相当复杂,需要从不同学科、不同侧面、不同角度、不同途径、不同方法及不同思路进行综合研究。本文给出大型超大型矿床预测的综合信息方法,认为地质地球物理地球化学多学科综合分析是今后找矿的最主要途径。通过对大型、超大型矿床的趋群性特点分析,给出了矿床密集区的概念以及圈定的基本原则和边界条件。通过对大型超大型矿床发现途径的分析,指出大型超大型矿床的分布具有可预测性。并表述了综合信息预测方法流程,以矿床密集区为模型单元,以异常密集区为预测单元,通过地质、地球物理、地球化学等综合信息控矿地质变量的提取和合理赋值,加上数理统计方法的合理应用,达到对大型超大型矿床的预测目的。  相似文献   

大兴安岭西坡及邻区银铅锌矿床成矿作用若干问题的讨论   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

向伟东  阎鸿铨长 《铀矿地质》1998,14(6):344-351

本文概述了大兴安岭西坡及邻区陆相火山岩型银铅锌矿床的基本特征,讨论了该类矿床成矿作用和成矿规律研究中的成矿物质来源、成矿系列和成矿控制因素几个重要问题。认为大兴安岭西坡及俄、蒙邻区的银铅锌矿床,实际上构成了一个与燕山期火山一次火山岩浆活动具有成因联系的银铅锌矿床成矿系列。大兴安岭西坡及邻区燕山中晚期大规模中酸性富碱的火山一次火山岩浆作用是该区这一时期或稍晚银铅锌矿床（可能还包括铜、铝、锡等矿产）集中出现的本质原因和物质基础,它也反映了深部壳慢作用过程中物质分异、聚集和演化的地球化学过程。关键词大…  相似文献   

滇西可地浸砂岩型铀矿特征,成因类型及成矿模式   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

陈友良 《铀矿地质》1998,14(4):193-199

文阐述了滇西新生代盆地可地浸砂岩型铀矿的矿床特征,讨论了铀矿床的成因类型,认为属“潜水顺层氧化带型”铀矿床。根据铀矿床的形成机制,对滇西地区新生代盆地的砂岩型铀矿成矿模式进行了探讨。  相似文献