Karst Collapse Mechanism and Criterion for Its Stability     

HE Keqiang  Department of Civil Engineering  Qingdao Institute of Architecture & Engineering  Qingdao  Shandong  ChinaLIU ChangliInstitute of Hydrogeology  Engineering Geology  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Zhengding  Hebei  Chinaand WANG Sijing Institute of Geology  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  China 《《地质学报》英文版》2001,75(3):330-335

Karst collapse, caused by natural or artificial abstraction of groundwater, has been a focus of environmentalgeological problems for its ever-increasing hazardousness. The potential erosion theory and vacuum suction erosion theory, which reveal the origin of karst collapse macroscopically, are popularly accepted. However, a mathematic prediction criterion for karst collapse cannot be established only by these two theories. From a new perspective, this paper attempts to explain the microcosmic mechanism of karst collapse on the basis of these two theories. When the shear stress surpasses the shear strength of soil, a certain point or a certain plane in the unconsolidated soil covering karst caves will fail under the mechanical effects of water and air as well as its load-pressure, and with the increase of damaged points, a breaking plane appears and the soil on karst caves is completely damaged; as a result, the karst ground collapses. On the basis of the Mohr-Coulomb failure theory and previous studies,  相似文献   

THE FOUNDATION AND MOVEMENT OF TROPICAL SEMI-GEOSTROPHIC ADAPTATION   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

Chao Jiping  Lin Yonghui 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1996,10(2):129-141

The breakdown and foundation of geostrophic balance is one of the important movements inthe mid-and high-latitude atmosphere and oceans.In the tropical area,the value of Coriolis pa-rameter is so small that it is difficult to satisfy the bi-geostrophic equilibrium between the pressureand velocity fields.However,in the tropical area,the zonal velocity of some motions in the atmo-sphere and oceans is large,so the Coriolis force is not small,geostrophic balance can exist in zonaldirection,i.e.semi-geostrophic balance.Furthermore,in the dominant area of Hadley circulationin the atmosphere or the area near the ocean meridional boundary,the meridional velocity is large,so geostrophic balance can also exist in meridional direction.In this paper,the process of the dis-persion of inertial gravity wave and the foundation of semi-geostrophic balance are first discussed.Second,the adjustment process between the velocity and pressure fields after adaptation is alsoviewed,and the scale criterion of the semi-geostrophic adaptation is discussed,i.e.for the motionwith meridional scale greater than the equatorial Rossby radius of deformation,the velocity andpressure fields after adaptation change to fit the initial pressure field;on the contrary,the fieldschange to fit the initial zonal velocity field,and the strength of the fields after adaptation dependson the zonal scale.  相似文献   

监测网优化设计的必要性及内容     

周世健  陈永奇 《四川测绘》1996,19(1):15-17

本文详细分析了监测网优化设计的必要性，并针对监测网的特点，叙述了监测网设计的有关问题。  相似文献   

基于扩展SQL的GIS模糊查询的表达与实现   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

黄波 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1996,(1)

模糊查询通常包含模糊单词和３种算子──语气算子、模糊化算子和判定化算子。通过模糊集合论，可表示这些模糊概念。在此基础上，介绍了一种扩展ＳＱＬ表达模糊查询，并将其转化为标准ＳＱＬ加以实现的方法。  相似文献   

扁椭球形雨滴和冰粒后向散射实验与理论研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王庆安  刘黎平  巢增明  张尧培 《大气科学》1996,20(6):735-744

本文介绍了对扁椭球形雨滴和冰（雹）粒散射能力的实验模拟和测量技术，报告了一个系列扁水(冰)椭球后向散射截面的实验测量结果；并用扩张边界条件法(EBCM)计算出相应的理论值，用Mie公式计算出等容积球形后向散射截面。将实验结果与理论计算作了综合对比分析，得到了若干有用的结论。  相似文献   

SNREI地球模型负荷勒夫数数值计算的新进展   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

汪汉胜  许厚泽  李国营 《地球物理学报》1996,39(Z1):182-189

基于Ｌｏｎｇｍａｎ和Ｆａｒｒｅｌｌ的表面负荷形变理论，深入研究计算ＳＮＲＥＩ弹性地球模型表面负荷勒夫数的数值计算方法，取得新的进展：采用了一种新的代换方法─ｒ￣ｎ因子法，比传统的无量纲化法简单易行，且能达到很高的计算精度；确立了检验表面边界条件、微分方程积分线性性和计算结果的收敛性，用于评价数值计算结果精度的有效准则；给出了ＰＲＥＭ地球模型的一组高精度计算结果．  相似文献   

监测网的可区分测度     

周世健 《四川测绘》1995,(4)

监测网的设计阶段，变形体的变形特性不是完全清楚的情况下，须考虑监测网的可区分测度．本文详细讨论了监测网的可区分问题，导出了有关的公式，并以算例加以分析和说明，最后论述了监测网设计的可区分准则．  相似文献   

地震序列类型判据研究综述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵荣国 《国际地震动态》1993,(10):6-8

  相似文献   

大型抽水试验最优化设计研究     

戴振学 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1993,(1)

抽水试验最优化设计,是指针对一个具体的地下水系统优选出一个抽水试验设计,它使抽水试验的费用最小化,而试验所获资料能满足识别参数所要求的可靠性,它可以概化为一个非线性的混合整数规划问题,其决策变量是确定抽水井和观测井的位置及井数、抽水量和观测频率等,采用搜索算法求解了这一优化问题,得到了理论最优解,并进行了实例演算。  相似文献   

Anreicherung und Verteilung von Schwermetallen und anderen Elementen in Oberflächensedimenten der Berliner Gewässer und ihres Umlands Enrichment and Distribution of Heavy Metals and Other Elements in Surface Sediments of Berlin Waters (Germany) and their Surroundings     

K. Terytze 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1993,21(1):8-20

For a wide variety of substances aquatic systems are the medium of origin, or sinks in a longer or shorter lasting stay or even in geological periods. For surface sediments of Berlin waters and their surroundings this paper describes the enrichment and distribution of heavy metals (SM), which have a high priority under international aspects and a marked capability to geoaccumulation. From the 25 metals investigated Hg, Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn are of anthropogenic origin, all others are of geochemical provenience and correspond to background values. Some metals (Hg, Cd, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr and Pb) have specific concentration profiles with increasing depth of water and sediment. The study of correlation of SM in sediments demonstrates generally a strong relation to macroelements and between some metals themselves.  相似文献