龙门山高倾角逆断层结构与孕震机制   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

张竹琪  张培震  王庆良 《地球物理学报》2010,53(9):2068-2082

针对汶川8.0级地震的主破裂面是否以陡立倾角延伸至地壳深部的争议,我们的研究旨在明确发震断层形态随深度分布的二维结构特征, 即断层的倾角及相应段落的深度, 并在此基础上分析发震断层的孕震和发震机理. 利用子空间置信域非线性反演方法, 通过拟合近场的同震水准变形, 获得了分别对应于清平-北川和南坝-青川发震断层的二维弹性位错模型. 结果显示, 此次龙门山中央断裂带的发震断层系统存在明显的南北分区特征. 以北川-南坝为过渡带, 北川以南至清平的发震构造为二元结构, 包括两部分:一是浅部高倾角的逆断层, 倾角在70°~80°以上, 底部深度可达10~15 km, 同震位错主要发生在10 km以上深度, 平均位错超过6 m;二是深部缓倾角的逆断层, 反演得其倾角约25°, 底部可达30 km深度, 位错主要分布于断层的顶部和底部, 平均位错约4 m. 南坝以北的发震断层为单一结构的逆断层, 倾角约60°~70°, 逆断层位错分布于10 km深度以上, 平均位错小于2 m.余震分布和主震震源机制也支持清平以南发震断层为二元结构的推论. 有限元模拟显示,在二元结构的逆断层系统中, 通过提高断层面上正的库仑应力, 深部缓倾角的逆断层活动对浅部高倾角逆断层有明显的促震作用. 模拟还显示地壳缩短不是现今松潘地块地表垂直变形的主要原因, 垂直变形更可能反映了青藏高原东缘相对四川盆地的差异抬升. 对高倾角逆断层的库仑应力作用显示, 差异抬升对龙门山逆断层活动有重要的促进作用.  相似文献   

The ~AD1315 Tarawera and Waiotapu eruptions, New Zealand: contemporaneous rhyolite and hydrothermal eruptions driven by an arrested basalt dike system?     

Ian A. Nairn  Jeffrey W. Hedenquist  Pilar Villamor  Kelvin R. Berryman  Phil A. Shane 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2005,67(2):186-193

A series of large hydrothermal eruptions occurred across the Waiotapu geothermal field at about the same (prehistoric) time as the ~AD1315 Kaharoa rhyolite magmatic eruptions from Tarawera volcano vents, 10–20 km distant. Triggering of the Waiotapu hydrothermal eruptions was previously attributed to displacement of the adjacent Ngapouri Fault. The Kaharoa rhyolite eruptions are now recognised as primed and triggered by multiple basalt intrusions beneath the Tarawera volcano. A ~1000 t/day pulse of CO₂ gas is recorded by alteration mineralogy and fluid inclusions in drill core samples from Waiotapu geothermal wells. This CO₂ pulse is most readily sourced from basalt intruded at depth, and although not precisely dated, it appears to be associated with the Waiotapu hydrothermal eruptions. We infer that the hydrothermal eruptions at Waiotapu were primed by intrusion of the same arrested basalt dike system that drove the rhyolite eruptions at Tarawera. This dike system was likely similar at depth to the dike that generated basalt eruptions from a 17 km-long fissure that formed across the Tarawera region in AD1886. Fault ruptures that occurred in the Waiotapu area in association with both the AD1886 and ~AD1315 eruptions are considered to be a result, rather than a cause, of the dike intrusion processes.Editorial responsibility: J. Donnelly-Nolan  相似文献   

Deformation patterns associated with the M5.9 Athens (Greece) earthquake of 7 September 1999     

Gerassimos A. Papadopoulos  Hiroyuki Matsumoto  Athanassios Ganas  Vassilis Karastathis  Spyros Pavlides 《Journal of Seismology》2004,8(3):381-394

The static displacement field of the Athens 1999 earthquake has been numerically modeled by a BEM method and analysed from SAR interferometry images with compatible results: (a) for a fault that reaches the surface the subsidence field coincides with the hangingwall domain of the Fili neotectonic normal fault with maximum amplitude, d _max, 5.5–7 cm, which is consistent with the possibly co-seismic displacement of 6–10 cm observed in the field, the average fault dislocation of 5–8 cm found by the application of circular source models, and the displacement up to 6 cm predicted by empirical relations between magnitude and displacement; the field of uplift covers the footwall domain of the fault with d _max1.5 cm;d gradually decreases with distance from the fault at a gradient of 0.4 cm/km, (b) for a blind fault d _max is only 1.8 and 0.3 cm in the hangingwall and footwall, respectively, and the decay gradient becomes 0.15 cm/km, (c) the total deformation area is 15 km × 15 km and the Fili fault, with a preferred mean dip of 60°, constitutes the natural boundary between the subsidence and uplift areas. The macroseismic field pattern is similar with that of the static ground deformation. The majority of intensity values VI (MM and EMS-98 scales), are distributed within the hangingwall of the Fili fault, while the highest intensities (VIII and IX) concentrate very close to the Fili fault within its hangingwall domain. A gradual decrease of the intensities with the distance from the Fili fault is evident. Because of the similarity between the intensity distribution pattern and the static ground deformation pattern, we make the hypothesis that the latter predicts well enough the main characteristics of the former although the ground displacement is dominated by relatively low frequency as compared to the ground acceleration.  相似文献   

广州地区活动断裂的特征及其与工程抗震的关系   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

陈伟光  赵红梅  常郁 《华南地震》2000,20(2):47-56

根据第四纪地质、地球化学、地壳形变和地震活动资料,论述了晚第四纪广州地区主要断裂的活动特征。认晚更新世以来,广从断裂、清泉街断裂、瘦狗岭断裂和文冲断裂发生过拉张式活动,但活动较弱,对工程地震未构成较严重危害,但在这些断裂所通过的地了在砂土液化、淤泥塌陷等潜在地质灾害。  相似文献   

Constraints on the velocity structure beneath the Tornquist-Teisseyre Zone from beam-forming analysis     

Dolors Alsina  Rod Snieder 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,126(1):205-218

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Strong ground motion in normal-faulting earthquakes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rob Westaway  ‡  Robert B. Smith† 《Geophysical Journal International》1989,96(3):529-559

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Source parameters of large earthquakes in the East Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey)   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Tuncay Taymaz  Haluk Eyidoan  James Jackson 《Geophysical Journal International》1991,106(3):537-550

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长江三峡及邻区构造应力场和震源错动类型的研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

高锡铭  王少江  殷志山  王威中  曾新平 《大地测量与地球动力学》1994,(2)

在文献［３］提出的用计算机确定震源断层面解的基础上，进一步给出了解的置信度。置信度由两个因子组成（Ｃ_１，Ｃ_２）。其中Ｃ_１为初动符号的符合比，Ｃ_２为解的不可变动空间与全部空间的比。使用长江三峡及邻区（北纬２８°－３４°，东经１０８°－１１４°）１９７４年以来的初动观测资料，确定了Ｍｓ≥２．１的４０次地震的断层面解、该区的区域应力场和分区应力场及平均错动性质。此外还给出了黄陵背斜地区的应力场特征。结果表明，黄陵背斜的地震构造活动具有整体性，构造过程发生在１５～２０ｋｍ的深度，张应力轴的方向分布显示以背斜为中心的幅射状态。  相似文献   

The earthquake of April 30, 1954, in Sophades (Central Greece)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dimitri Papastamatiou  Nikos Mouyaris 《Geophysical Journal International》1986,87(3):885-895

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The Campania, southern Italy, earthquakes of 1962 August 21     

Rob Westaway 《Geophysical Journal International》1987,88(1):1-24

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