The late Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the South China Sea: A petrologic perspective     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

This paper presents a review of available petrological, geochonological and geochemical data for late Mesozoic to Recent igneous rocks in the South China Sea (SCS) and adjacent regions and a discussion of their petrogeneses and tectonic implications. The integration of these data with available geophysical and other geologic information led to the following tectono-magmatic model for the evolution of the SCS region. The geochemical characteristics of late Mesozoic granitic rocks in the Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB), micro-blocks in the SCS, the offshore continental shelf and Dalat zone in southern Vietnam, and the Schwaner Mountains in West Kalimantan, Borneo indicate that these are mainly I-type granites plus a small amount of S-type granites in the PRMB. These granitoids were formed in a continental arc tectonic setting, consistent with the ideas proposed by Holloway (1982) and Taylor and Hayes, 1980, Taylor and Hayes, 1983, that there existed an Andean-type volcanic arc during later Mesozoic era in the SCS region. The geochonological and geochemical characteristics of the volcanics indicate an early period of bimodal volcanism (60–43 Ma or 32 Ma) at the northern margin of the SCS, followed by a period of relatively passive style volcanism during Cenozoic seafloor spreading (37 or 30–16 Ma) within the SCS, and post-spreading volcanism (tholeiitic series at 17–8 Ma, followed by alkali series from 8 Ma to present) in the entire SCS region. The geodynamic setting of the earlier volcanics was an extensional regime, which resulted from the collision between India and Eurasian plates since the earliest Cenozoic, and that of the post-spreading volcanics may be related to mantle plume magmatism in Hainan Island. In addition, the nascent Hainan plume may have played a significant role in the extension along the northern margin and seafloor spreading in the SCS.  相似文献   

Geochronology and geochemistry of Cretaceous Nanshanping alkaline rocks from the Zijinshan district in Fujian Province,South China: Implications for crust–mantle interaction and lithospheric extension     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

In situ zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic data, major and trace elements, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions are reported for Nanshanping alkaline rocks from the Zijingshan district in southwestern Fujian Province (the Interior or Western Cathaysia Block) of South China. The Nanshanping alkaline rocks, which consist of porphyritic quartz monzonite, porphyritic syenite, and syenite, revealed a Late Cretaceous age of 100–93 Ma. All of the rocks show high SiO₂, K₂O + Na₂O, and LREE but low CaO, Fe₂O₃^T, MgO, and HFSE (Nb, Ta, P, and Ti) concentrations. These rocks also exhibit uniform initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.7078 to 0.7087 and ε_Nd(t) values of −4.1 to −7.2, thus falling within the compositional field of Cretaceous basalts and mafic dikes occurring in the Cathaysia Block. Additionally, these rocks display initial Pb isotopic compositions with a ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_i ratio of 18.25 to 18.45, a ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_i ratio of 15.63 to 15.67, and a ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_i ratio of 38.45 to 38.88. Combined with the zircon Hf isotopic compositions (ε_Hf(t) = −11.7 to −3.2), which are different from those of the basement rocks, we suggest that Nanshanping alkaline rocks were primarily derived from a subduction-related enriched mantle source. High Rb/Sr (0.29–0.65) and Zr/Hf (37.5–49.2) but relatively low Ba/Rb (4.4–8.1) ratios suggest that the parental magmas of these rocks were most likely formed via partial melting of a phlogopite-bearing mantle source with carbonate metasomatism. The relatively high SiO₂ (62.35–70.79 wt.%) and low Nb/Ta (10.0–15.3) ratios, positive correlation between SiO₂ and (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_I, and negative correlation between SiO₂ and ε_Nd(t) of these rocks suggest that the crustal materials were also involved in formation of the Nanshanping alkaline rocks. Combined with geochemical and isotopic features, we infer magmatic processes similar to AFC (assimilation and fractional crystallization) involving early fractionation of clinopyroxene and olivine and subsequent fractionation of biotite-dominated assemblages coupled with a lesser amount of crustal contamination, thereby forming the Nanshanping alkaline rocks. The Nanshanping alkaline rocks appear to be associated with an extensional environment in the Cathaysia Block. This extensional regime could have resulted in the slab break-off and rollback of the subducting paleo-Pacific plate and the upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle, which induced partial melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle in the Cretaceous.  相似文献   

大兴安岭中北段头道桥一带晚古生代构造沉积环境分析     

陈安霞  周多  张庆奎  关培彦  马良  邵学峰  费平 《地质与资源》2014,23(Z1)

大兴安岭中北段头道桥一带晚古生代整体为弧后盆地构造环境,发育泥盆系—下石炭统泥鳅河组、大民山组与红水泉组地层.研究区泥鳅河组为浅海沉积,化石发育.在弧后拉张作用下地幔物质上涌,形成大民山组一段细碧岩系,并使地壳下沉,水体加深,在大民山组二段达到最深,为半深海沉积.后期由于陆陆碰撞作用,地壳抬升,红水泉组转为浅海环境,并使该组上部地层抬升出水面遭受剥蚀.  相似文献   

大兴安岭地区嫩北农场一带晚古生代火山岩地层的厘定     

那福超  杨晓平  汪岩  付俊彧  伍月  杨帆 《地质与资源》2014,23(4):311-315

大兴安岭嫩北农场一带出露一套以中酸性火山熔岩为主的晚古生代地层.前人对这套地层划分、时代归属存有很大分歧.原因是:一方面区域上火山岩出露厚度大、露头不连续、区域植被茂盛,顶底多为断层接触或被第四系所覆盖;另一方面由于存在于火山岩地层中的化石较少或缺少精确的同位素年代学数据.本文在新近研究成果的基础上,依据地层岩石组合对比及锆石U-Pb年代学资料,将这套晚古生代地层进行了重新厘定为大石寨组.  相似文献   

重力负载对库车褶皱冲断带盐构造的影响     

程海艳  李江海 《地质通报》2014,33(10):1502-1506

库车褶皱冲断带新生代沉积了库姆格列木群和吉迪克组2套盐岩,发育复杂的盐构造,重力负载对其形成和发育具有重要影响。利用水压头分析方法,分析了重力对库车褶皱冲断带盐构造的影响。重力负载对盐岩流动的影响包括重力扩张和沉积负载2种,重力扩张作用由盐岩受自身重力控制,而沉积负载作用由上覆沉积物重力作用控制。水压头分析表明在盐岩高程大的地方,其沉积负载往往更小。在重力扩张和沉积负载共同作用下,库车褶皱冲断带不会发生由盐岩自身重力而形成的重力扩张,重力负载对库车褶皱冲断带盐岩的影响仅表现为沉积差异负载作用。  相似文献   

西秦岭舒家坝地区泥盆纪舒家坝群碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄：源区特征与形成时代   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王元元  裴先治  刘成军  李瑞保  李佐臣  魏博  任厚州  陈伟男  刘图杰  胥晓春 《地质通报》2014,33(7):1015-1027

以西秦岭舒家坝地区泥盆纪舒家坝群碎屑岩为研究对象,进行碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄研究,探讨其形成时代、物源组成和构造背景。所测样品最小锆石年龄组的年龄加权平均值为413Ma,代表了舒家坝群的沉积下限,结合前人研究的古生物资料将其形成时代限定为中泥盆世。所获碎屑锆石年龄可划分为4个谱段：震旦纪—古生代年龄谱段619~409Ma,峰值为445Ma;新元古代年龄谱段930~735Ma,峰值为849Ma;中元古代年龄谱段1760~1033Ma;新太古代—古元古代年龄谱段3095~2478Ma。综合研究认为,舒家坝群的物源具多元性,包括西秦岭北缘构造带、北祁连造山带东段和华北板块基底,其中北祁连造山带东段和西秦岭北缘构造带是舒家坝群沉积的主要物源区,且后者占主导地位。结合区域地质资料,根据其物源组成特征判断,舒家坝群形成于陆—陆或弧—陆碰撞后由挤压转换为伸展环境的局部裂陷盆地。  相似文献   

银矿自然重砂矿物组合规律及其找矿意义     

罗微  张恒星  王曼丽  董国臣  张翔  代友旭  景国庆 《地质通报》2014,33(12):1909-1917

根据20世纪60年代全国范围内展开的自然重砂测量工作所累积的自然重砂数据资料,统计了全国各省72个典型银矿床的自然重砂情况,通过计算和分析各自然重砂矿物在所对应的类型的矿床中的报出频率,得出火山沉积型、沉积型、变质型、侵入岩型4种类型的银矿所对应的自然重砂矿物组合。展现这4种类型矿床的重砂矿物组合的相似之处及不同之处。按照这种方式建立的不同矿床类型的自然重砂矿物组合,对于建立自然重砂找矿模型具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

福建南平花岗伟晶岩型钽铌矿床地质特征与成因   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈国建 《地质通报》2014,33(10):1550-1561

福建南平钽铌矿是亚洲最大的花岗伟晶岩型钽铌矿床,也是中国钽铌金属矿的重要产地。南平钽铌矿在构造上位于闽西北隆起带东南缘,矿区内广泛发育有中—新元古界变质岩系。钽铌矿多呈脉体,沿变质岩系的片理或层理侵入,矿脉与围岩的关系清晰。这些脉体是在与加里东期花岗岩有成因联系的4类花岗伟晶岩分异—演化的基础上形成的。矿化伟晶岩中分带和交代蚀变作用均十分发育,稀土元素的矿化与伟晶熔体的结晶分异及后期热液蚀变作用有较密切的关系。稀土元素和磷酸盐矿物含量很多,这在国内外同类型伟晶岩中不常见。同时该地区也是新矿物——南平石的唯一产地。钽铌矿物是矿化伟晶岩中Ta和Nb元素的最主要载体,Ta含量大于Nb,还有其他可综合利用的稀土元素。闽西北地区具有进一步寻找此类型矿化伟晶岩的广阔前景。  相似文献   

沉积岩平行层面与垂直层面方向热导率与孔隙连通性之间的关系     

龚建洛  张金功  惠涛  黄传卿  张林晔  孙志刚  陈晓军 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2014,(6):1789-1797

根据对渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷泥质岩、粉砂岩、砂岩和白云岩平行层面与垂直层面方向热导率差异及孔隙连通性差异特征的研究,探讨了沉积岩平行层面与垂直层面方向热导率与孔隙连通性之间的关系。热导率实验结果表明:沾化凹陷泥质岩、粉砂岩和砂岩的平行层面方向热导率大于垂直层面方向热导率;白云岩的平行层面方向热导率小于垂直层面方向热导率。沉积岩平行层面与垂直层面方向热导率差异和孔隙连通性差异之间具有正相关性。孔隙特征分析结果表明:孔隙连通性较好方向,热导率也较高;孔隙连通性较差的的方向,热导率也较低。  相似文献   

贵州盘县土城向斜南西翼二叠系龙潭组地球化学特征及意义     

田利  谢红东  张学东 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(7):15-20

为探讨盘县土城向斜龙潭组物源及沉积环境,对ZK402号孔龙潭组样品进行微量元素及稀土元素测试分析,结果显示:龙潭期的水体为微咸水—半咸水的淡水环境,水体分层不强的厌氧环境—水体分层及底层水体呈现H2S的厌氧环境;泥岩中稀土含量高,源岩主要为钙质泥岩和碱性玄武岩。根据砂岩粒度分析、薄片鉴定、电子探针等综合分析,在龙潭组中识别出三角洲和障壁砂坝—潟湖沉积相以及三角洲前缘、下三角洲平原、上三角洲平原、潮坪、潟湖等亚相,龙潭早、晚期以潟湖相为主,龙潭中期以分流河道和分流间湾广泛发育为特征。  相似文献