Plio-Pleistocene sedimentation in coastal grabens,north-east Rhodes,Greece     

Nils-Martin Hanken  Richard G. Bromley  John Miller 《Geological Journal》1996,31(4):393-418

The stratigraphy of marine Plio-Pleistocene sediments from northeast Rhodes (Dodecanese islands, Greece) is revised in the light of facies mapping and the recognition of three major transgression–regression cycles. Before late Pliocene submergence, metamorphosed Mesozoic limestones formed a high-relief karstic landscape. During subsequent transgressions, subsiding basins with spectacular cliffed and bioeroded margins were infilled by a mosaic of carbonate-dominated sediments, sourced by high rates of carbonate productivity on narrow shelves rimming the basins and their drowning islands. Periods of relative sea-level fall superimposed a complex series of ‘fossil’ coastal geomorphological features such as cliffs, abrasion platforms, surf caves, notches, boulder beaches and palaeokarsts. These created the rugged present day topography of the island's northeast coast. Three main lithostratigraphic units, the Kritika, Rhodes and Lindos Acropolis Formations, are defined. The Rhodes and Lindos Acropolis Formations are subdivided into mappable facies groups rather than members, as the lithofacies are strongly diachronous. The Kritika and Rhodes Formations were each subaerially exposed and partly eroded before re-transgression. Although there is a general pattern of lithological succession, details vary across the study area and some facies groups are restricted in development, indicating differences in tectonic behaviour and palaeo-geomorphology between neighbouring basins. A preliminary process-response model is presented for the sedimentation history of the Rhodes and Lindos Acropolis Formations, using sedimentological, palaeontological, palaeoecological and ichnological data. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

东北漫川漫岗黑土区浅沟和切沟发生的地貌临界模型探讨   总被引：15，自引：5，他引：10  

胡刚  伍永秋  刘宝元  张永光  魏欣 《地理科学》2006,26(4):449-454

对东北漫川漫岗黑土区进行实地测量及地形图量算,推求出临界模型,校验了Moore的沟蚀发生公式。研究发现,该区浅沟发生的临界阈值和指数参数分别为0.0631和-0.4643,切沟发生的两参数分别为0.1161和-0.4457。同时发现Moore的沟蚀预测公式在该研究区并不适用。通过与野外实测浅沟和切沟发生位置对比,临界模型预测的沟蚀位置较好地反映了野外实际状况。  相似文献   

Airborne laser swath mapping of the summit of Erebus volcano,Antarctica: Applications to geological mapping of a volcano     

Bea Csatho  Toni Schenk  Philip Kyle  Terry Wilson  William B. Krabill 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008

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Optical remote mapping of rivers at sub‐meter resolutions and watershed extents     

W. Andrew Marcus  Mark A. Fonstad 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2008,33(1):4-24

At watershed extents, our understanding of river form, process and function is largely based on locally intensive mapping of river reaches, or on spatially extensive but low density data scattered throughout a watershed (e.g. cross sections). The net effect has been to characterize streams as discontinuous systems. Recent advances in optical remote sensing of rivers indicate that it should now be possible to generate accurate and continuous maps of in‐stream habitats, depths, algae, wood, stream power and other features at sub‐meter resolutions across entire watersheds so long as the water is clear and the aerial view is unobstructed. Such maps would transform river science and management by providing improved data, better models and explanation, and enhanced applications. Obstacles to achieving this vision include variations in optics associated with shadows, water clarity, variable substrates and target–sun angle geometry. Logistical obstacles are primarily due to the reliance of existing ground validation procedures on time‐of‐flight field measurements, which are impossible to accomplish at watershed extents, particularly in large and difficult to access river basins. Philosophical issues must also be addressed that relate to the expectations around accuracy assessment, the need for and utility of physically based models to evaluate remote sensing results and the ethics of revealing information about river resources at fine spatial resolutions. Despite these obstacles and issues, catchment extent remote river mapping is now feasible, as is demonstrated by a proof‐of‐concept example for the Nueces River, Texas, and examples of how different image types (radar, lidar, thermal) could be merged with optical imagery. The greatest obstacle to development and implementation of more remote sensing, catchment scale ‘river observatories’ is the absence of broadly based funding initiatives to support collaborative research by multiple investigators in different river settings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Distribution of erosion across bedrock channels     

Jens M. Turowski  Niels Hovius  Hsieh Meng‐Long  Dimitri Lague  Chen Men‐Chiang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2008,33(3):353-363

Lateral erosion in bedrock rivers is an important control on the shape of channel cross‐sections, and the coupling of channels and hillslopes. Recent observations link lateral erosion to the variability of flow. We propose two mechanisms to explain this. One is based on changing shear stress distributions within the channel with varying flood level, the other on the competition between cover and tool effects in fluvial bedrock erosion. We assess these processes for the Liwu River, Taiwan, and conclude that cover and tool effects dominate the partitioning of lateral and vertical erosion in this case. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

关于库姆塔格沙漠“羽毛状”风沙地貌的讨论   总被引：11，自引：7，他引：4  

董治宝  屈建军  卢琦  钱广强 《中国沙漠》2008,28(6):1005-1010

库姆塔格沙漠是我国最后一个完成综合科考的沙漠,以其北部的“羽毛状”沙丘著称。以往关于库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌的认识主要基于遥感影像判读。最近深入沙漠腹地的实地考察引发了对该沙漠“羽毛状”沙丘的争论。本文从地质构造、遥感影像纹理特征、沙丘形态特征、风况特征、组成沙丘沉积物的粒度特征、矿物组成、光谱特征、颗粒形貌等多层次、多视角探讨库姆塔格沙漠的“羽毛状”风沙地貌。提出从三种空间尺度上区分“羽翼状”沙漠、“羽毛状”图案（伪羽毛状沙丘）和“羽毛状”沙丘的必要性。认为：①库姆塔格沙漠的 “羽翼状” 总体格局是受新构造运动控制的。②以往基于航片判读确认的“羽毛状”沙丘实际上是由线性（赛夫）沙丘、丘间走廊的亮色浮沙片和残余暗色粗沙地的反照率对比形成的“羽毛状”图案,并非真正的复合沙丘。③真正的“羽毛状”沙丘应该是指有明显新月形沙丘遗留翼角的赛夫沙丘（线性沙丘）的变型。④由赛夫沙丘到“羽毛状”沙丘,风况愈来愈复杂。  相似文献   

新疆和田河流域柽柳沙堆的生物地貌发育过程   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

李志忠  武胜利  王晓峰  何牡丹  葛琳  穆赫塔尔  徐国强 《地理学报》2007,62(5):462-470

柽柳沙堆是我国干旱区分布最为广泛的灌丛沙堆类型之一。在实地考察新疆和田河流 域柽柳生态地理特征、测量223 个柽柳沙堆形态, 并在两个野外观测点上实测4 个沙堆的风沙流剖面, 结合室内风洞实验段风速8 m/s 条件下模拟沙堆风流场结构等综合分析方法, 本文探讨了柽柳沙堆的生物地貌学特征及其发育过程。结果表明: 研究区柽柳的生态类型属于以胡杨林与灌木林下土壤为基础的吐加依土生境类型, 这个生境类型可以进一步划分为三个亚生境, 这些亚生境反映了柽柳沙堆不同发育阶段的生态环境特征。由于柽柳灌丛的寿命长、木质化枝干的刚性较强、根株萌发力强耐风蚀沙埋, 可对地面风沙流运行产生强烈扰动, 其风速剖面有别于芦苇沙堆和骆驼刺沙堆, 风流场结构有利于聚集风沙, 因此风沙依托柽柳灌丛堆积发育而成的柽柳沙堆平均坡度较大、沙堆存活与发育的周期也较长  相似文献   

The fluvial system — Research perspectives of its past and present dynamics and controls     

Jürgen Herget  Richard Dikau  Ken J. Gregory  Jef Vandenberghe   《Geomorphology》2007,92(3-4):101

During the conference “The fluvial system — past and present dynamics and controls" held at the Department of Geography of Bonn University from 16 to 22 of May 2005 the participants organised in 12 international organisations working in the fluvial environment were asked about their opinions about the main aspects to be considered for sustainable progress in future research projects. The individual comments can be grouped by the following headlines: integration and application of experiences, considering system analytical approaches, considering effects of climate and global change, interdisciplinary work, regarding extreme events and their frequencies and quantification of human impact. Detailed explanations and selected references of previous studies initially considering the mentioned aspects are given as a review.  相似文献   

Tectonic geomorphology and hydrocarbon induced topography of the Mid-Channel Anticline, Santa Barbara Basin, California     

E.A. Keller  Marlene Duffy  J.P. Kennett  T. Hill 《Geomorphology》2007,89(3-4):274-286

The geomorphology of the western sector of the Mid-Channel Anticline (MCA), Santa Barbara, southern California suggests the actively growing fold is laterally propagating to the west. The presence of fold scarps and cross faults that segment the structure suggests that buried faults that are producing the folding are present at shallow depths. The summit area of the anticline at the Last Glacial Maximum (22 to 19 ka) was probably a small late Pleistocene island. Evidence for presence of the island includes what appears to be terrestrial erosion and is supported by assumption of sea level change and rates of uplift and subsidence.Pockmarks and domes ranging in diameter from  10 to 100 m, and several meters deep are present along the crest and flanks of the MCA. These features appear to be the result of hydrocarbon emission. Their formation has significantly modified the surface features, producing simple to complex erosional and/or constructional topography. A large pockmark near the anticline crest dated by two calibrated AMS radiocarbon dates of 25.3 and 36.9 ka continues to emit hydrocarbon gases. We term the topography produced by hydrocarbon emission as Hydrocarbon Induced Topography (HIT).  相似文献   

Use of geomorphological units to improve drainage network extraction from a DEM : Comparison between automated extraction and photointerpretation methods in the Carraixet catchment (Valencia, Spain)     

Maria Jose Lopez García  Ana M. Camarasa   《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》1999,1(3-4)

Drainage networks are one of the main elements characterizing basins, and network topology and geometry form the basis of many hydrological and geomorphological models (eg Geomorphological Unitary Hydrograph). The identification and manual delineation of channel networks from maps or aerial photographs requires much time and effort. In the last two decades, algorithms and procedures for automated extraction of drainage networks from digital elevation data have been developed and implemented in many specialized software applications. Nevertheless, automatically delineated channel networks do not always show close agreement with manually delineated networks. This paper describes a comparative analysis between a drainage network automatically extracted from a gridded digital elevation model, and the drainage network delineated manually from stereographic pairs of aerial photographs. The analysis showed that the automatic extraction technique may be adequate for catchment headwaters, but is inappropriate in the middle and lower basins, especially for alluvial fans and calcareous platforms. The paper suggests improving the automatic extraction technique by adapting it to operate with different parameters for each of the geomorphological units within the catchment.  相似文献