The Neogene and Quaternary of England: landscape evolution,tectonics, climate change and their expression in the geological record     

Jonathan R. Lee  Ian Candy  Richard Haslam 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(3):452-481

During the Neogene and Quaternary, tectonic and climatic processes have had a profound impact upon landscape evolution in England and, perhaps as far back as 0.9 Ma, patterns of early human occupation. Until the Late Miocene, large-scale plate tectonic processes were the principal drivers of landscape evolution causing localised basin inversion and widespread exhumation. This drove, in places, the erosion of several kilometres of Mesozoic cover rocks and the development of a regional unconformity across England and the North Sea Basin. By the Pliocene, the relative influence of tectonics on landscape evolution waned as the background tectonic stress regime evolved and climatic influences became more prominent. Global-scale climate-forcing increased step-wise during the Plio-Pleistocene amplifying erosional and depositional processes that operated within the landscape. These processes caused differential unloading (uplift) and loading (subsidence) of the crust (‘denudational isostasy’) in areas undergoing net erosion (upland areas and slopes) and deposition (basins). Denudational isostasy amplified during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (c.0.9 Ma) as landscapes become progressively synchronised to large-scale 100 ka ‘eccentricity’ climate forcing. Over the past 0.5 Ma, this has led to the establishment of a robust climate record of individual glacial/interglacial cycles enabling comparison to other regional and global records. During the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition and early Holocene (c.16–7 ka), evidence for more abrupt (millennial/centennial) scale climatic events has been discovered. This indicates that superimposed upon the longer-term pattern of landscape evolution is a more dynamic response of the landscape to local and regional drivers.  相似文献   

IPCC AR6报告解读：地球能量收支、气候反馈和气候敏感度     

张华  王菲  赵树云  谢冰 《气候变化研究进展》2021,17(6):691-698

文中对IPCC第六次评估报告（AR6）第一工作组（WGI）报告的第七章关于地球能量收支、气候反馈和气候敏感度中的重要内容进行了凝练,并简要总结该方面的最新研究成果和结论。评估显示,自工业革命以来,人类活动造成的有效辐射强迫（ERF）为2.72 [1.96~3.48] W/m²,其中,均匀混合温室气体的贡献为3.32 [3.03~3.61] W/m²,气溶胶的贡献为-1.1 [-1.7~-0.4] W/m²。净的气候反馈参数为-1.16 [-1.81~-0.51] W/(m²∙℃),云仍然是气候反馈整体不确定性的最大来源。平衡态气候敏感度（ECS）和瞬态气候响应（TCR）可用于评估全球平均地表气温对强迫的响应,是衡量全球气候响应的有效手段。ECS和TCR的最佳估计分别为3.0 [2.0~5.0]℃和1.8 [1.2~2.4]℃。  相似文献   

三组火山强迫资料差异及其对模式模拟结果的影响     

高雅  高超超 《气候变化研究进展》2021,17(3):305-316

Gao2008、Crowley2013和Sigl2015火山强迫资料,均基于极地冰芯重建。由于每组重建使用的冰芯数据和分析方法等不同,因此结果存在差异,从而影响气候模式应用。文中详细梳理三组火山强迫资料在原始冰芯数据、信号识别提取和沉积通量计算等方面的差异;介绍重建中涉及的对未知火山事件发生季节、纬度及从极地硫酸盐沉积通量向平流层辐射强迫通量转换等所做的假设;归纳资料中存在的共性问题。在此基础上,总结重建不确定性对模式应用的影响,希望为涉及气候模式的研究工作提供从气候系统外强迫资料解读或审视气候变化模拟与影响评估的视角,更好为气候模拟和预测服务。  相似文献   

Coral assemblages and reef growth in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (Western Pacific Ocean)     

Peter Houk  Robert Van Woesik 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(2):318-329

Reef development varies considerably around the high, raised‐limestone islands of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Here we examine the modern assemblages at 30 sites for coral composition, colony density, colony size, and fidelity. We defined four reef types and hypothesize the presence of environmentally driven ecological stasis, whereby the environment continuously selects for coral species membership, defines colony sizes, and over time creates the noted reef types. Our results show that constructional spur‐and‐groove reefs supported significantly larger coral‐colony sizes and higher coral species richness compared with high‐relief interstitial framework, low‐relief incipient, and non‐constructional coral assemblages. Non‐constructional reefs supported much smaller coral colony sizes, despite similar population densities, and were consistently found in association with high wave exposure. The distinct coral assemblages found on interstitial framework and low‐relief incipient reefs were not affiliated with any wave exposure regime, but were located adjacent to large watersheds and on islands with unique geological history. These assemblages were nested within the spur‐and‐groove species pool. Overall, modern coral cover was well predicted by bathymetric slope and watershed size, while species richness was additively influenced by two proxies of pollution, suggesting the latter is better suited for establishing management targets. In contrast with previous studies that suggested modern assemblages were biologically controlled in the CNMI, we show reef assemblages and reef development are highly influenced by long‐term environmental forcing.  相似文献   

Paleoclimate studies and natural-resource management in the Murray-Darling Basin I: past,present and future climates     

K. Mills  P. Gell  P. P. Hesse  R. Jones  P. Kershaw  R. Drysdale 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):547-560

This paper provides an incisive review of paleoclimate science and its relevance to natural-resource management within the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB). The drought of 1997–2010 focussed scientific, public and media attention on intrinsic climate variability and the confounding effect of human activity, especially in terms of water-resource management. Many policy and research reviews make statements about future planning with little consideration of climate change and without useful actionable knowledge. In order to understand future climate changes, modellers need, and demand, better paleoclimate data to constrain their model projections. Here, we present an insight into a number of existing long-term paleoclimate studies relevant to the MDB. Past records of climate, in response to orbital forcing (glacial–interglacial cycles) are found within, and immediately outside, the MDB. High-resolution temperature records, spanning the last 10⁵ years, exist from floodplains and cave speleothems, as well as evidence from lakes and their associated lunettes. More recently, historical climate records show major changes in relation to El Niño–Southern Oscillation cycles and decadal shifts in rainfall regimes. A considerable body of research currently exists on the past climates of southeastern Australia but, this has not been collated and validated over large spatial scales. It is clear that a number of knowledge gaps still exist, and there is a pressing need for the establishment of new paleoclimatic research within the MDB catchment and within adjacent, sensitive catchments if past climate science is to fulfil its potential to provide policy-relevant information to natural-resource management into the future.  相似文献   

Can Eddy Forcing be Responsible for the Spatial Structure of the Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode?     

ZHAO Nan  LI Yan  SHEN Xinyong 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2010,24(5):584-592

In order to study the origin of the spatial structure of the Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode (NAM),a linear stochastic model is constructed empirically from the output of a GCM run.Optimal stochastic forcing in terms of the maximum variance contribution,which may be potentially related to the maintenance of the NAM,is investigated.Theoretical analysis on the dominant non-modal response to the stochastic forcing shows that this dominance is jointly decided by the properties of forcing and the non-modal grow...  相似文献   

烟台市套子湾污水处理厂排海管道有关参数的确定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张东华  王虹 《海岸工程》2010,29(1):46-52

利用海洋处置城市污水是沿海地区一种把海洋水体的环境容量和自净能力用于环保的可行方法。烟台市套子湾污水处理厂1998年10月建成正式投入运转,日处理能力为25万m3,其污水排海管道工程是该厂重要组成部分,对污水排海管道的有关参数进行计算,可供沿海城市污水处理工程参考。  相似文献   

矿石中金的在线固相萃取及缝管火焰原子吸收测定   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐淑坤  孙励敬 《岩矿测试》1994,13(3):203-206

介绍了将流动注射在线因相萃取预浓集与石英缝管火焰原子吸收相结合测定矿石中金的方法，用ＸＡＤ－８吸附树脂填充的微型柱（１００μｌ）在６ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ的流速下，从０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ介质的试样溶液中浓集金氯络合物，再用乙醇洗脱，最后由火焰原子吸收检测，在采样频率为１０３样／ｈ的流速下灵敏度提高４７倍，分析精度为１．３％，检出限为１．０μｇ／Ｌ；在６５样／ｈ的采样频率下灵敏度提高９５倍，检出限可达０．７  相似文献   

MODULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC THERMAL AND MECHANICAL FORCINGS AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF MEAN MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION          下载免费PDF全文

Wu Guoxiong  Cai Yaping 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1993,7(4):412-422

Upon investigating the relative locations of internal and external forcing and the resultant mean meridional circulation,it was found that thermal forcing and mechanical forcing for the formation of atmospheric mean meridional circulation are modulated by a certain ratio.This ratio is determined by the inherent baroclinity,static stability and absolute vorticity of the atmosphere.By employing a parameterization scheme for radiative heating and condensation heating,together with the analysisdata of the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts,the mean meridional circulation for January wassimulated numerically.It was found that latent heat release in the tropics may result in the formation of double-layeredHadley circulation,so do the eddy momentum transfer processes.On the other hand,mean meridional circulations in extra-tropics are mainly determined by external momentum forcing and atmospheric properties of eddy momentum andheat transfer.  相似文献   

涡旋诱发重联模型（Ⅰ）——动力学特性   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

刘振兴  濮祖荫 《地球物理学报》1990,33(1):1-11

本文首先从理论上系统地研究了涡旋诱发重联的基本动力学特性.包括:涡旋诱发重联的物理机制;Kelvin-Helmholtz（K-H）不稳定性和撕裂模不稳定性耦合过程;磁流体涡管的基本特性;不同尺度涡旋间的相互作用,动能和磁能间的转化及准稳态时流线、磁力线、等涡度线和等电流密度线的相似性等.用二维MHD数值模拟方法研究了上述一些特性,并与理论分析结论进行了比较.结果表明,模拟结果证实了理论推论.涡旋诱发重联是产生局部磁场重联的重要机制之一,该模型在磁顶区的应用将另文发表.  相似文献