夏季亚洲大气热源汇的变化特征及其与江淮流域旱涝的关系   总被引：12，自引：6，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

巩远发  段廷扬  张菡 《大气科学》2007,31(1):89-98

用2001年和2003年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料，计算了亚洲季风区两年逐日的大气热源汇〈Q1〉，再用谐波分析方法对〈Q1〉作带通滤波， 得到了准30~70 d的〈Q1〉低频分量，并分析了两年夏季大气热源汇和其低频振荡变化特征的差异，然后研究了一些“关键”区〈Q1〉低频分量的变化与我国降水的关系。结果表明:在2001年和2003年夏季的亚洲季风区，一方面应该有这样一种过程，大气热源汇低频分量经向和纬向传播的差异→江淮流域旱涝期东亚地区大气热源汇低频分量南北配置的差异→东亚地区大气热源汇本身的南北分布不同。另一方面，夏季的5~8月期间，高原中南侧有较强的低频热源 (热汇) 时，可导致其后期江淮流域降水偏多 (少)；中国南海的作用则正好相反，南海有较强的低频热源 (热汇) 时，不仅可导致其后期江淮流域降水偏少 (多)，还可导致其后期青藏高原东部降水偏少 (多)。因此，夏季亚洲季风区热源、热汇季节内变化特征的不同可导致我国江淮流域异常的旱涝发生。  相似文献   

Pore-fluid pressures and frictional heating on a fault surface     

Charles W. Mase  Leslie Smith 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1984,122(2-4):583-607

This study considers the effects of heat transfer and fluid flow on the thernal, hydrologic, and mechanical response of a fault surface during seismic failure. Numerical modeling techniques are used to account for the coupling of the thermal, fluid-pressure, and stress fields. Results indicate that during an earthquake the failure surface is heated to a tempeature required for the thermal expansion of pore fluids to balance the rate of fluid loss due to flow and the fluid-volume changes due to pore dilatation. Once this condition is established, the pore fluids pressurize and the shear strength decreases rapidly to a value sufficient to maintain the thermal pressurization of pore fluids at near-lithostatic values. If the initial fluid pressure is hydrostatic, the final temperature attained on the failure surface will increase with depth, because a greater pressure increase can occur before a near-lithostatic pressure is reached. The rate at which thermal pressurization proceeds depends primarily on the hydraulic characteristics of the surrounding porous medium, the coefficient of friction on the fault surface, and the slip velocity. If either the permeability exceeds 10^–15 m² or the porous medium compressibility exceeds 10^–8 Pa^–1, then frictional melting may occur on the fault surface before thermal pressurization becomes significant. If the coefficient of friction is less than 10^–1 and if the slip velocity is less than 10^–2 msec^–1, then it is doubtful that either thermal pressurization or frictional melting on the fault surface could cause a reduction in the dynamic shear strength of a fault during an earthquake event.  相似文献   

北半球冬季平流层温度和Brewer-Dobson环流对11 a太阳循环的响应          下载免费PDF全文

施春华  蔡娟  郭栋  徐婷  陆晏 《大气科学学报》2018,41(2):275-281

采用北京气候中心大气辐射模式(BCC-RAD)、日本气象厅JRA-55月平均再分析资料,研究了北半球冬季低纬度平流层上、下两个温度异常区对太阳周期的响应及其机制。结果表明,太阳活动偏强年,低纬度的上平流层温度暖异常是由臭氧短波加热异常引起的,它在中纬度的上平流层激发出异常强西风,阻碍行星波正常上传,由波破碎驱动的Brewer-Dobson环流也减弱,该环流上升支减弱的动力加热作用导致了低纬度的下平流层暖异常。  相似文献   

位涡倾向在Muifa台风路径转折中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁敏  平凡  李国平 《大气科学》2018,42(2):281-291

利用ECMWF资料诊断分析了位涡倾向方程中的水平平流项和非绝热加热项分别在Muifa台风两次路径转折中的作用。结果表明:第一次路径转折过程中,非绝热加热项的量级比水平平流项小一个量级,水平平流项所表征的外部大尺度环流因素是第一次路径转折的主要原因;第二次路径转向过程由水平平流项和非绝热加热项共同控制,其中水平平流项控制台风的移向,非绝热加热项表征的内部非对称结构对台风转向有抑制作用。  相似文献   

Interannual Variability of Late-spring Circulation and Diabatic Heating over the Tibetan Plateau Associated with Indian Ocean Forcing     

Yu ZHAO  Anmin DUAN  Guoxiong WU 《大气科学进展》2018,35(8):927-941

The thermal forcing of the Tibetan Plateau(TP) during boreal spring,which involves surface sensible heating,latent heating released by convection and radiation flux heat,is critical for the seasonal and subseasonal variation of the East Asian summer monsoon.Distinct from the situation in March and April when the TP thermal forcing is modulated by the sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) in the North Atlantic,the present study shows that it is altered mainly by the SSTA in the Indian Ocean Basin Mode(IOBM) in May,according to in-situ observations over the TP and MERRA reanalysis data.In the positive phase of the IOBM,a local Hadley circulation is enhanced,with its ascending branch over the southwestern Indian Ocean and a descending one over the southeastern TP,leading to suppressed precipitation and weaker latent heat over the eastern TP.Meanwhile,stronger westerly flow and surface sensible heating emerges over much of the TP,along with slight variations in local net radiation flux due to cancellation between its components.The opposite trends occur in the negative phase of the IOBM.Moreover,the main associated physical processes can be validated by a series of sensitivity experiments based on an atmospheric general circulation model,FAMIL.Therefore,rather than influenced by the remote SSTAs of the northern Atlantic in the early spring,the thermal forcing of the TP is altered by the Indian Ocean SSTA in the late spring on an interannual timescale.  相似文献   

多层四流球谐函数算法的构建及在大气辐射传输模式中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张华  卢鹏 《气象学报》2014,72(6):1257-1268

为了在不大幅度增加计算成本的情况下提高大气辐射传输计算的精度,利用单层四流球谐函数结合多层二流累加法,构造了可用于多层大气的四流球谐函数算法。为了比较与其他辐射传输算法的差异,引入48流离散纵坐标算法作为比较标准,Eddington 近似、四流离散纵坐标算法作为比较对象。在真实大气廓线条件下,计算了晴空和有云大气顶向上辐射通量、地表向下辐射通量以及加热率廓线。得出以下结论：在晴空情况下,与作为标准的48流离散纵坐标法相比,Eddington 近似、四流离散纵坐标法和新构造的四流球谐函数方法加热率绝对误差都小于0?3 K／d;向上、向下辐射通量的相对误差分别小于1％和0?6％。这表明在晴空情况下,3种算法对加热率的计算精度差别不大;对辐射通量的计算精度,两种四流近似算法比传统的 Eddington 近似更为精确。在有云情况下,与48流离散纵坐标法相比,四流球谐函数和四流离散纵坐标法计算的云顶加热率相对误差小于1％,而 Eddington 近似计算的云顶加热率相对误差大于5％。结果表明：新构造的四流球谐函数算法可用于大气辐射传输模式,在不大幅度增加计算成本的同时,提高了晴空大气的整体辐射计算精度和有云大气辐射加热率的计算精度。  相似文献   

The Persistent Heavy Rainfall over Southern China in June 2010：Evolution of Synoptic Systems and the Effects of the Tibetan Plateau Heating   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

LI Xuesong  LUO Yali  GUAN Zhaoyong 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(4):540-560

This study investigates influencing weather systems for and the effect of Tibetan Plateau （TP）’s surface heating on the heavy rainfall over southern China in June 2010, focusing on the four persistent heavy rainfall events during 14-24 June 2010. The ma jor weather systems include the South Asian high, midlatitude trough and ridge, western Pacific subtropical high in the middle troposphere, and shear lines and eastward-moving vortices in the lower troposphere. An ensemble of convection-permitting simulations （CTL） is carried out with the WRF model for these rainfall events, which successfully reproduce the observed evolution of precipitation and weather systems. Another ensemble of simulations （SEN） with the surface albedo over the TP and its southern slope changed artificially to one, i.e., the surface does not absorb any solar heating, otherwise it is identical to CTL, is also performed. Comparison between CTL and SEN suggests that the surface sensible heating of TP in CTL significantly affects the temperature distributions over the plateau and its surroundings, and the thermal wind adjustment consequently changes atmospheric circulations and properties of the synoptic systems, leading to intensified precipitation over southern China. Specifically, at 200 hPa, anticyclonic and cyclonic anomalies form over the western and eastern plateau, respectively, which enhances the southward cold air intrusion along the eastern TP and the divergence over southern China;at 500 hPa, the ridge over the northern plateau and the trough over eastern China are strengthened, the southwesterly flows along the northwestern side of the subtropical high are intensified, and the positive vorticity propagation from the plateau to its downstream is also enhanced significantly;at 850 hPa, the low-pressure vortices strongly develop and move eastward while the southwesterly low-level jet over southern China strengthens in CTL, leading to increased water vapor convergence and upward motion over the precipitation region.  相似文献   

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ATMOSPHERIC HEATING SOURCE/SINK ANOMALIES OF ASIAN MONSOON AND FLOOD/DROUGHT IN THE YANGTZE RIVER BASIN IN THE MEIYU PERIOD     

岑思弦  巩远发  赖欣  彭亮 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(4):352-360

NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and a 30-year precipitation dataset of observed daily rainfall from 109 gauge stations are utilized in this paper. Using the REOF we analyzed the spatial distribution of precipitation in the 109 stations in the Yangtze River Basin in Meiyu periods from 1978 to 2007. The result showed that the spatial distribution of precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin can be divided into the south and north part. As a result, relationships between an atmospheric heating source (hereafter called ) over the Asian region and the precipitation on the south and north side of Yangtze River in Meiyu periods were separately studied in this paper. The results are shown as follows. The flood/drought to the north of Yangtze River (NYR) was mainly related to the over the East Asia summer monsoon region: when the over the Philippines through Western Pacific and the south China was weakened (strengthened), it would probably result in the flood (drought) in NYR; and the precipitation on the south side of Yangtze River (SYR) was related to the over the east Asia and Indian summer monsoon region: when the over the areas from south China to the northern East China Sea and Yellow Sea and south-eastern Japan was strengthened (weakened), and the over the areas from the Bay of Bengal to south-eastern Tibetan Plateau was weakened (strengthened), it will lead to flood (drought) in SYR.  相似文献   

管道热屈曲动力过程数值模拟     

王立忠  王宽君  施若苇 《海洋工程》2015,33(5):73-80

运输高温高压油气的海底管道会发生整体热屈曲现象。管道热屈曲过程中可能会产生平衡状态的跃迁(snapthrough),且这样的跃迁过程必然会伴随着动力响应。管道热屈曲动力过程中侧向弹出的速度以及轴向缩进的速度对管土相互作用参数的取值有很大影响,然而关于管道热屈曲动力过程的研究却很少。本文给出了数值模拟过程中管道系统阻尼值和升温速率的确定方法,研究了管道初始几何缺陷以及海床参数对管道热屈曲动力过程的影响。  相似文献   

东风带扰动热力特征及其对西太副高东退影响的个例分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙建元  朱伟军  姚秀萍 《高原气象》2013,32(3):707-717

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了2003年6月22—25日西太平洋副热带高压(下称西太副高)西伸东退时热带东风带扰动附近大气热源的分布和演变特征,以及对西太副高西伸东退的影响和机制。结果表明,高层东风带扰动附近的非绝热效应分布和强度的突变影响西太副高西伸东退,当扰动中心西侧非绝热加热加强,扰动中心东侧西太副高区域冷却加强时,西太副高东退;潜热释放造成的非绝热效应在高层变化最为明显,非绝热变化的主要影响因子是垂直运动。总结了西太副高东退过程与东风带扰动系统热力联系的可能概念模型:东风带扰动处大气热力结构变化引发经向风场异常,使东风带扰动西侧高层有北风发展和强烈的上升运动,扰动东侧有整层的南风发展,有助于西太副高异常东退。因此,西太副高的西伸东退与热带东风带扰动系统的热力作用密切关联。  相似文献