关于薄层与单界面模型弹性反射透射系数的讨论   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张川  杨春  王赟 《煤田地质与勘探》2015,43(2):86-90

在均匀各向同性水平层状介质假设下,采用位移与位移位两种不同的平面波表示方式,推导了层状介质的传播矩阵;并对层状模型逐步简化,依次给出了薄层、单阻抗差界面纵波入射时的反射、透射系数公式,指出了位移与位移位函数这两种不同形式下各公式的异同和适用条件,对于薄层地震反演精度的提高具有一定的指导作用。   相似文献   

海-气CO₂通量实测数据通量计算中误差传递模拟与敏感性分析     

蒋锦刚  周斌  马国春  于之锋  窦文洁  白雁 《海洋学报》2013,35(4):64-71

海-气CO₂通量估算模型中参数的可靠性是决定模型可靠性的重要因素, 也决定了模型估算结果的可靠性, 因此开展海-气CO₂通量计算模型中误差传递规律与敏感性分析, 对模型参数端元因子的误差控制, 提高模型预测精度和降低不确定性十分重要。但由于模型中参数众多, 且各种参数间彼此相互影响, 使得误差传递过程与敏感性分析十分复杂困难。本文在海-气界面CO₂通量观测建模过程详细分析的基础上, 以海-气界面CO₂分压差的经典通量计算模型为基础, 以实测数据通量计算过程为例, 针对模型中的参数变量, 在假设参数变量的误差正态分布的前提下, 利用Monte Carlo手段分析各参数变量的误差在模型中的传递规律, 并将单因子扰动试验法用于海-气界面CO₂通量建模的参数敏感性分析。模拟和分析结果表明:CO₂通量计算过程中误差经模型传递后的分布规律存在正态分布、指数分布等多种形式;气体交换系数对通量计算结果的敏感性最大, 通量估算中的风速和表层海水温度是必须进行精度控制的关键参数。  相似文献   

超燃冲压发动机凹腔内补氧的强化点火试验          下载免费PDF全文

席文雄  王振国  李庆  刘卫东 《海洋科学进展》2013,(4):506-511

在超燃冲压发动机扩张型燃烧室中,对凹腔内局部补氧的点火强化方法进行了试验研究。采用高速摄影手段研究了不同的补氧方式对凹腔内火焰分布特征和燃烧强度的影响,并针对并联双凹腔燃烧室构型,研究了在单侧凹腔补氧条件下向异侧凹腔的火焰传播过程。试验结果表明,采用凹腔内补氧的方式能调节凹腔内的燃料浓度分布、改善凹腔内的燃烧过程,控制燃烧放热强度;稳态燃烧情况下,观察到凹腔驻留火焰的两种存在特征,分别表现为:由回流区热量反馈机制作用下的凹腔局部驻留火焰和燃烧室全局压力反馈影响下的凹腔剪切层火焰。只有在单侧凹腔燃烧建立了全局压力反馈的条件下才能实现凹腔火焰的异侧传播。   相似文献   

Misclassification error propagation in land cover change categorization     

ZHANG Jingxiong  TANG Yunwei 《地球空间信息科学学报》2012,15(3)

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利用PPP分析GPS天线积雪引起的信号传播延迟     

吴继忠 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2012,37(5):617-620

分析了GPS天线积雪对载波信号场强、功率的影响,推导了载波信号传播延迟的简化计算公式,利用精密单点定位(PPP)计算了测站在GPS天线积雪产生和消除前后的单日解。结果显示,天线积雪使得天线相位中心产生偏移,对平面和高程方向的影响为数个cm,甚至更大。  相似文献   

藏西北革吉县雄巴乡场镇冻土灾害特征及防治措施     

唐华  徐琳  格桑平措  达娃  男达瓦  张显虎  李宁  刘大明  索朗多吉 《中国地质调查》2022,9(2):100-109

近年来,藏西北革吉县雄巴乡场镇内的冻土灾害日趋严重,研究该区冻土灾害的特征、成因及危害,对制定相应的防灾减灾政策具有重要意义.从基本特征、成因条件、风险性及防治措施等方面对雄巴乡场镇的冻土灾害开展了综合研究,认为加剧该区冻土灾害的主要原因是全球气候变暖导致的降雨量增加和气温升高,使场镇内透水性差、不均匀分布的土体含水率...  相似文献   

The East Pacific Wavetrain: Its variability and impact on the atmospheric circulation in the boreal winter   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周普天  所玲玲  袁嘉灿  谭本馗 《大气科学进展》2012,29(3):471-483

The East Pacific wavetrain(EPW) refers to here the intense stationary wave activity detected in the troposphere over the East Pacific and North America in 45 northern winters from 1958 to 2002.The EPW is generated in the lower troposphere over the East Pacific,propagating predominantly eastward into North America and slightly upward then eventually into the stratosphere.The intensity of the EPW varies from year to year and exhibits apparent decadal variability.For the period 1958-1964,the EPW was in its second maximum,and it was weakest for the period 1965-1975,then it was strongest for the period 1976-1987.After 1987,the EPW weakened again.The intensity and position of the members(i.e.,the Aleutian low,the North American trough,and the North American ridge) of the EPW oscillate from time to time.For an active EPW versus a weak EPW,the Aleutian low deepens abnormally and shifts its center from the west to the east of the date line,in the middle and upper troposphere the East Asian trough extends eastward,and the Canadian ridge intensifies at the same time.The opposite is true for a weak EPW.Even in the lower stratosphere,significant changes in the stationary wave pattern are also observed.Interestingly the spatial variability of the EPW assumes a Pacific-North American(PNA)-like teleconnection pattern.It is likely that the PNA low-frequency oscillation is a reflection of the oscillations of intensity and position of the members of the EPW in horizontal direction.  相似文献   

基于作物模型灾损识别的黄淮区域冬小麦晚霜冻风险评估   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张雪芬  余卫东  王春乙 《高原气象》2012,31(1):277-284

利用近50年黄淮地区54个农业气象观测站的作物观测资料和气象资料,结合人工移动式霜箱试验结果,研究了WOFOST作物模型中增加晚霜冻影响的处理技术,揭示了晚霜冻对冬小麦各生长量的影响结果。利用修改后的作物模型提取晚霜冻灾损评估技术,建立以晚霜冻的危险性、暴露性和脆弱性为风险因子的风险评估模型,开展黄淮区域晚霜冻风险评估。结果表明,黄淮区域冬小麦晚霜冻风险分布呈西高东低分布,高风险地区主要分布在黄淮区域的河南西部、西南部、西北部及东部永城、沈丘一带。其中,黄淮西部的高风险主要是由晚霜冻高灾损引起的,河南西南部的高风险是由晚霜冻的高频率引起的,其西北部和东部的高风险则是由晚霜冻的高频率和高灾损共同引起的。  相似文献   

系统辨识(6):多新息辨识理论与方法     

丁锋 《南京气象学院学报》2012,4(1):1-28

基于NCEP／NCAR提供的1958-2008年逐日再分析资料,对2007／2008年冬季我国雨雪冰冻灾害期间副高指数特征与E1Nino／LaNina年平均冬半年副高指数特征以及50a平均冬半年副高指数特征进行对比分析。采用交叉小波和小波相干分析方法,进一步分析了它们之间的相关性和异同性以及对大气环流的影响,揭示了2007／2008年我国南方雨雪冰冻灾害期间副热带高压活动与环流变异特性的一些基本特征,如LaNina事件冬季（尤其是中等强度LaNina事件年份的冬季）,副高通常比一般年份副高的平均位置偏北。  相似文献   

Geometry and architecture of faults in a syn-rift normal fault array: The Nukhul half-graben, Suez rift, Egypt     

Paul Wilson  Rob L. Gawthorpe  David Hodgetts  Franklin Rarity  Ian R. Sharp 《Journal of Structural Geology》2009,31(8):759-775

The geometry and architecture of a well exposed syn-rift normal fault array in the Suez rift is examined. At pre-rift level, the Nukhul fault consists of a single zone of intense deformation up to 10 m wide, with a significant monocline in the hanging wall and much more limited folding in the footwall. At syn-rift level, the fault zone is characterised by a single discrete fault zone less than 2 m wide, with damage zone faults up to approximately 200 m into the hanging wall, and with no significant monocline developed. The evolution of the fault from a buried structure with associated fault-propagation folding, to a surface-breaking structure with associated surface faulting, has led to enhanced bedding-parallel slip at lower levels that is absent at higher levels. Strain is enhanced at breached relay ramps and bends inherited from pre-existing structures that were reactivated during rifting. Damage zone faults observed within the pre-rift show ramp-flat geometries associated with contrast in competency of the layers cut and commonly contain zones of scaly shale or clay smear. Damage zone faults within the syn-rift are commonly very straight, and may be discrete fault planes with no visible fault rock at the scale of observation, or contain relatively thin and simple zones of scaly shale or gouge. The geometric and architectural evolution of the fault array is interpreted to be the result of (i) the evolution from distributed trishear deformation during upward propagation of buried fault tips to surface faulting after faults breach the surface; (ii) differences in deformation response between lithified pre-rift units that display high competence contrasts during deformation, and unlithified syn-rift units that display low competence contrasts during deformation, and; (iii) the history of segmentation, growth and linkage of the faults that make up the fault array. This has important implications for fluid flow in fault zones.  相似文献