大地测量反演问题统一综述     

王乐洋  朱建军 《测绘科学》2007,32(6):14-16

大地测量反演在解决人类面临的资源短缺、自然灾害和生态环境退化问题显示出越来越重要的作用和地位。本文根据R.Parker的理论,首次尝试将近三十年来大地测量反演问题从解的存在性、模型构制、解的非唯一性、解的评价四个方面进行统一,促进了大地测量反演理论和应用的研究。  相似文献   

大陆岩石圈强度研究     

熊熊  王英杰  李永东 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(5):441-450

岩石圈强度或有效弹性厚度(Te)控制着岩石圈对长期负载的响应及其演化过程和空间构型,包含丰富的地球动力学信息,对解译地壳、岩石圈乃至地幔介质的力学性质和动力学过程及机理具有重要的科学意义。本文拟回顾从均衡概念的提出至今关于岩石圈强度研究的发展历程,重点从历史角度梳理岩石圈强度研究的沿革脉络、各种方法发展的逻辑关联,并对岩石圈强度与壳幔耦合、岩石圈有效弹性厚度与地震孕震层厚度的关系以及岩石圈有效弹性厚度各向异性等问题进行初步探讨。  相似文献   

辽西地区构造演化与盆地成因类型研究   总被引：20，自引：2，他引：18  

王伟锋  陆诗阔  孙月平 《地质力学学报》1997,3(3):80-89

辽宁省西部地区发育了一系列中生代小型含煤盆地。这些盆地内有广泛的油气显示,但勘探效果却不理想。本文分析了辽西地区地球动力学背景,结合地球物理勘探资料研究了辽西地区盆地构造几何学和运动学特征,探讨了辽西地区构造演化史、盆地形成机制和成因类型,并以阜新盆地为例,阐述了盆地的构造特征和圈闭类型。   相似文献   

青藏高原地球动力学初探     

郑剑东 《现代地质》1988,2(2):194

青藏高原是当今世界上最高、最大和最年轻的高原。青藏高原的地球动力学研究是一个复杂而饶有兴趣的问题。本文试图从高原的范围、地球物理特征、地震活动、构造演化和新构造运动等方面探讨其地球动力学过程。 从新构造分析,笔者着重指出,青藏高原是欧亚大陆板块中最活动的一个块体,它在造就中国乃至东亚新构造运动的格局方面,是一个十分重要的因素。  相似文献   

Mantle‐derived and crustal melts dichotomy in northern Greece: spatiotemporal and geodynamic implications     

Diego Perugini  Giampiero Poli  George Christofides  George Eleftheriadis  Antonis Koroneos  Triantafyllos Soldatos 《Geological Journal》2004,39(1):63-80

Two distinct groups of subduction‐related (orogenic) granitoid rocks, one Jurassic and the other Tertiary, occur in the area between the Vardar (Axios) Zone and the Rhodope Massif in northern Greece. The two groups of granitoids differ in many respects. The first group shows evolved geochemical characters, it is not associated with mafic facies, and evidence of magmatic interaction between mantle‐ and crustal‐derived melts is lacking. The second group has less evolved geochemical characters, it is associated with larger amount of mafic facies, and magmatic interaction processes between mantle‐derived and crustal melts are ubiquitous as evidenced by mafic microgranular enclaves and synplutonic dykes showing different enrichment in K₂O, Ti, and incompatible elements. This kind of magmatism can be attributed to the complex geodynamic evolution of the area. In particular, we suggest that two successive subduction events related to the closure of the Vardar and the Pindos oceans, respectively, occurred in the investigated area from Late Jurassic to Tertiary. We relate the genesis of Jurassic granitoids to the first subduction event, whereas Tertiary granitoids are associated with the second subduction. Fluids released by the two subducted slabs induced metasomatic processes generating a ‘leopard skin’ mantle wedge able to produce mafic melts ranging from typical calc‐alkaline to ultra‐potassic. Such melts interacted in various amounts with crustal calc‐alkaline anatectic melts to generate the wide spectrum of Tertiary granitoids occurring in the study area. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

青藏高原库地北岩体地球化学特征及其地球动力学机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜耀辉  郭坤一  贺菊瑞  芮行健  杨万志 《岩石矿物学杂志》1999,18(3):207-216

本文研究了位于青藏高原西北缘的库北岩体的地质,地球化学特征。研究表明,该岩体形成于奥陶纪末至泥盆纪初,由早期的二长花岗岩和晚期和花岗岩组成,成分上富碱,富Ｋ、Ｔｈ、ＲＥＥ、Ｎｂ、Ｚｒ、Ｙ,贫Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｂａ、Ｓｒ、Ｓｃ、Ｖ、Ｎｉ具有Ａ型花岗岩的特点,它形成于造山晚期相对稳定的拉张环境,是大洋板片脱过程中侵位的,由早先随大洋板块消减下沉的洋壳沉积物先后部分熔融而形成,。本次研究为地壳物质再循环至地壳  相似文献   

新疆西昆仑造山带北缘中元古代帕什托克闪长岩侵入序列及其地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

赵佳楠  刘正军 《中国地质》2014,41(1):92-107

位于塔里木地块西南缘、西昆仑造山带北缘的帕什托克侵入序列由石英闪长岩-石英二长闪长岩组成,类似TTG组合,形成于中元古代晚期。本文从帕什托克侵入序列的地球化学分析出发,通过对该侵入序列两期侵入岩的主量元素和微量元素的研究,讨论了该侵入序列的成因、构造环境和与其相关的板块间地球动力学模式,认为该侵入序列为I型准铝质高钾钙碱性花岗闪长岩系列,属活动板块边缘碰撞前大陆弧花岗岩类,两期侵入岩为同源岩浆演化,母岩浆属壳幔混合源,且岩浆向酸性演化。根据岩浆演化的物理环境和构造环境,推测早古生代库地洋的完全闭合与库地洋壳向塔里木古陆块俯冲消减有关,是塔里木古陆块和柴达木古陆块在Rodinia超级大陆汇聚过程中的产物。  相似文献   

Asymmetry in oceanic crustal structure of the South China Sea basin and its implications on mantle geodynamics     

Fan Zhang  Xubo Zhang  Weiwei Ding  Tingting Wang  Jian Zhu 《International Geology Review》2020,62(7-8):840-858

ABSTRACT

We investigated the oceanic crustal structure and lithospheric dynamics of the South China Sea (SCS) basin through a comprehensive analysis of residual gravity anomaly and bathymetry combined with seismic constraints and interpretation from geodynamic modelling. We first calculated the residual mantle Bouguer anomaly (RMBA) of the oceanic crustal regions of the SCS by removing from free-air gravity anomaly the predicted gravitational attractions of water-sediment, sediment-crust, and crust-mantle interfaces, as well as the effects of lithospheric plate cooling, using the latest crustal age constraints including IODP Expedition 349 and recent deep-tow magnetic surveys. We then calculated models of the gravity-derived crustal thickness and calibrated them using the available seismic refraction profiles of the SCS. The gravity-derived crustal thickness models correlate positively with seismically determined crustal thickness values. Our analysis revealed that the isochron-averaged RMBA are consistently more negative over the northern flank of the SCS basin than the southern conjugate for magnetic anomaly chrons C8n (~25.18 Ma) to C5Dn (~17.38 Ma), implying warmer mantle and/or thicker crust over much of the northern flank. Computational geodynamic modelling yielded the following interpretations: (1) Models of asymmetric and variable spreading rates based on the relatively high-resolution deep-tow magnetic analysis would predict alternating thicker and thinner crust at the northern flank than the southern conjugate, which is inconsistent with the observed systematically thicker crust on the northern flank. (2) Models of episodic southward ridge jumps could reproduce the observed N-S asymmetry, but only for crustal age of 23.6–20 Ma. (3) Southward migration of the SCS ridge axis would predict slightly thinner crust at the northern flank, which is inconsistent with the observations. (4) Models of higher mantle temperatures of up to 25–50°C or >2% less depleted mantle sources on the northern flank could produce large enough anomalies to explain the observed N-S asymmetries.  相似文献   

一种基于有限元的岩石圈长期变形数值计算方法   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

杨少华  李忠海 《地质力学学报》2018,24(6):768-775

有限单元法以其灵活性和精确性,成为固体地球科学中广为使用的数值方法。从短周期的地震活动到长周期的岩石圈变形、地幔对流,甚至行星演化,有限单元法几乎在固体地球科学的各个领域都占据着十分重要的位置。随着研究的深入,某些特定的地学问题给有限元计算带来挑战,尤其是岩石圈尺度大变形的数值计算,比如俯冲带的演化、剪切带中塑性流变导致的应力集中。基于显式有限元,尝试考虑粘弹塑性岩石圈大变形过程的数值计算。应用Marker-In-Cell（MIC）方法处理物质迁移。在描述基本原理和流程的基础上,对粘弹性变形、弹塑性变形、大变形过程及热传递过程等核心模块分别做了基准测试,而这四个模块是模拟岩石圈长期变形的关键。由测试结果和其他学者的（解析或数值）研究结果比对情况来看,受测试的核心模块基本达到了测试要求。可以预见,现有的基本算法可以满足研究岩石圈大变形的需要,进一步的具体研究工作将探讨这类问题。从科学问题层面讲,逐渐复杂的科学问题有利于数值模型的成熟。已达到基准测试的数值方法对下一步开展一些具体的地球动力学数值模拟研究有实际意义。   相似文献   

盆山关系研究的基本思路、内容和方法   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

刘少峰  张国伟 《地学前缘》2005,12(3):101-111

盆地和造山带作为大陆岩石圈表面发育的两个基本构造单元,在空间上相互依存,在物质上相互转换和在地表形态上相互调整、均衡,两者具有密切的耦合关系。不同时期原始盆山结构、山脉变形样式、盆地充填格架及主要构造带、构造地块展布是盆山关系研究的几何学问题;山盆之间的叠加、转换和迁移历史,山脉基底和盖层剥露过程、折返机制,隆升过程,盆地的沉降方式、沉积记录和物源类型,造山带剥蚀物质的去向,山脉剥蚀量,造山带的增生方式等是盆山关系研究的运动学问题;盆山系统反映出的造山过程、区域动力学背景、深部流变学机制和调整过程及盆山演化动力模拟是盆山关系研究的动力学问题和最终目标。盆山关系研究的内容可初步确定为,不同时期的盆山几何配置关系,盆地层序地层序列与多幕构造控制关系,盆地沉积物物源与山脉剥露过程关系,盆地沉降与山脉隆升关系,地表过程与构造作用关系,盆山系统演化动力学。  相似文献