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71.
72.
Local Modeling模式及其在月径流预测中的应用 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
Local Modeling方法是一种动力系统预测方法,将其应用于河西内陆区黑河干流出山口莺落峡水文站月平均流量的中长期预测预报,取得了较为理想的成果。预测试验的结果表明,该预测模型有较高计算精度,尤其适用于非主汛期各月的月平均流量的预测;对于主汛期6~9月的月平均流量的预测,在考虑前期来水与预见期内降水的影响后,亦可获到较为理想的预测结果。可以认为,该方法的预报精度达到了水文情报预报规范的要求,Local Modeling方法的应用,将为西北干旱地区河川径流的中长期预报提供了一个新的途径。 相似文献
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Abstract Calcretes can be observed on the surface of old moraines around Batura Glacier in the upper Hunza Valley, Karakoram Mountains, Pakistan. They develop as a calcareous crust cementing small gravels under boulders. In order to understand the genesis of the calcrete crust, a variety of methods were employed: (i) study of mineralogy and geochemistry of a calcrete crust precipitated on the lateral moraine using X-ray diffractometer and electron probe microanalysis; (ii) analysis of solute chemistry of surface water and ice bodies around the Batura Glacier; and (iii) accelerator mass spectrometry 14 C dating of the crust itself. The results indicate that the calcrete crust has definite laminated layers composed of a fine-grain and compact calcite layer, and a mineral fragment layer. The chemical composition of the calcite layer is approximately 60% CaO and 1% MgO. The mineral fragment layer consists of rounded grain materials up to 0.2 mm in diameter. It shows a graded bedding structure with fine grains of quartz, albite and muscovite. Meanwhile, as the Paleozoic Pasu limestone is distributed around the terminal of Batura Glacier, Ca cations dissolve in the melt water of the glacier. Accordingly, the calcrete crust is precipitated by decreases in CO2 partial pressure from glacier ice and evaporation of the melt water, including high concentration of Ca2+ at ephemeral streams and small ponds stagnating between the moraine and glacial ice. On the basis of the AMS 14 C age, the calcrete is considered to have formed approximately 8200 calibrated years bp under the Batura glacial stage. 相似文献
75.
Proglacial suspended sediment transport was monitored at Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland, during the 1998 melt season to investigate the mechanisms of basal sediment evacuation by subglacial meltwater. Sub‐seasonal changes in relationships between suspended sediment transport and discharge demonstrate that the structure and hydraulics of the subglacial drainage system critically influenced how basal sediment was accessed and entrained. Under hydraulically inefficient subglacial drainage at the start of the melt season, sediment availability was generally high but sediment transport increased relatively slowly with discharge. Later in the melt season, sediment transport increased more rapidly with discharge as subglacial meltwater became confined to a spatially limited network of channels following removal of the seasonal snowpack from the ablation area. Flow capacity is inferred to have increased more rapidly with discharge within subglacial channels because rapid changes in discharge during highly peaked diurnal runoff cycles are likely to have been accommodated largely by changes in flow velocity. Basal sediment availability declined during channelization but increased throughout the remainder of the monitored period, resulting in very efficient basal sediment evacuation over the peak of the melt season. Increased basal sediment availability during the summer appears to have been linked to high diurnal water pressure variation within subglacial channels inferred from the strong increase in flow velocity with discharge. Basal sediment availability therefore appears likely to have been increased by (1) enhanced local ice‐bed separation leading to extra‐channel flow excursions and[sol ]or (2) the deformation of basal sediment towards low‐pressure channels due to a strong diurnally reversing hydraulic gradient between channels and areas of hydraulically less‐efficient drainage. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Saprolite Remnants as Indicators of Pre-Glacial Landform Genesis in Southeast Sweden 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Mats Olvmo Karna Lidmar-Bergström Kerstin Ericson Johan M. Bonow 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2005,87(3):447-460
Twenty‐six sites with remnants of gravelly saprolites (grus) have been located in southeast Sweden. Joint block hills (castle kopjes) and steep rock walls with weathered joints as well as rounded boulders are documented to have an origin in deep weathering and subsequent stripping of saprolites. The saprolite remnants and landforms result from the fragmentation of the re‐exposed sub‐Cambrian peneplain along fracture systems. Only shallow saprolites occur on the elevated intact parts of the sub‐Cambrian peneplain, while saprolites up to 20 m thick are encountered in areas where the sub‐Cambrian peneplain is fractured and dissected. Neogene uplift with reactivation of the weathering system is thought to be the main cause of saprolite formation. Deep weathering is thus judged to have been the major agent of landform formation in the study area, while glacial and glaciofluvial erosion has contributed mainly by stripping saprolites, detaching corestones, and plucking joint blocks along weathered joints. 相似文献
78.
云南东北部拱王山末次冰期 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1 Introduction The Gongwang mountains constitute one of the few high m ountains of irrefutable late Pleistocene glaciation in eastern China. This area is one of the m ost extensively studied Quaternary geologicallocationsin eastern China and the interpret… 相似文献
79.
The effects of land use on runoff and soil nutrient losses in a gully catchment of the hilly areas: implications for erosion control 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
WANG Jun FU Bojie QIU Yang CHEN Liding CHEN Chen HU Baodong 《地理学报(英文版)》2005,15(4):396-404
1 Introduction Soiland waterlossisoneofthe worldwide environm entalissuesthreatening sustainable land use in semiarid areas.However,soiland water loss is highly variable in space and time,and its variability resultsfrom m any factorsoperating ata wide ran… 相似文献
80.
Modelling post-glacial rebound with lateral viscosity variations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2