全国网格化多模式集成空气质量预报的初步建立     

张天航  迟茜元  张碧辉  张恒德  江琪  王继康  饶晓琴  谢超  吕梦瑶  安林昌  南洋 《气象》2020,46(3):381-392

为降低单个模式预报的不确定性和提高多模式集成空气质量预报系统的精细化程度,利用Cressman插值初步建立了我国0.25°X0.25°网格化污染物实况。结合4套空气质量数值预报模式,通过均值集成、权重集成和多元线性回归集成分别逐格点建立了集成预报。在预报当天各单一模式和集成方法前50 d预报效果评估基础上,建立了最优集成预报。对2018年12月19一22日一次重污染过程中集成预报的PM_(2.5)浓度评估结果显示:在污染较重时刻,最优集成预报与观测之间的归一化平均偏差(NMB)值在重污染地区保持在—20%～40%,对污染程度为良及以上区域的预报范围相较于单个模式更接近观测。整个过程中,最优集成在大部分污染区域与观测之间的NMB值为—20%～20%,均方根误差(RMSE)值为35～75μg·m~(-3),相关系数(R)值大于0.4。相较于所有单一模式和其他集成方法,最优集成在全国最多的格点有着较高的总体评分。在污染最重区域的8个城市,最优集成预报的污染过程平均开始和结束时间分别比观测时间早1.8和6.9 h。未来需融合卫星反演和地表观测来提高网格化污染物实况的精细化程度,利用降尺度、主客观融合和滚动订正等方法进一步提高网格化多模式集成空气质量预报的准确率。  相似文献   

On the effects of triangulated terrain resolution on distributed hydrologic model response     

Enrique R. Vivoni  Valeriy Y. Ivanov  Rafael L. Bras  Dara Entekhabi 《水文研究》2005,19(11):2101-2122

Distributed hydrologic models based on triangulated irregular networks (TIN) provide a means for computational efficiency in small to large‐scale watershed modelling through an adaptive, multiple resolution representation of complex basin topography. Despite previous research with TIN‐based hydrology models, the effect of triangulated terrain resolution on basin hydrologic response has received surprisingly little attention. Evaluating the impact of adaptive gridding on hydrologic response is important for determining the level of detail required in a terrain model. In this study, we address the spatial sensitivity of the TIN‐based Real‐time Integrated Basin Simulator (tRIBS) in order to assess the variability in the basin‐averaged and distributed hydrologic response (water balance, runoff mechanisms, surface saturation, groundwater dynamics) with respect to changes in topographic resolution. Prior to hydrologic simulations, we describe the generation of TIN models that effectively capture topographic and hydrographic variability from grid digital elevation models. In addition, we discuss the sampling methods and performance metrics utilized in the spatial aggregation of triangulated terrain models. For a 64 km² catchment in northeastern Oklahoma, we conduct a multiple resolution validation experiment by utilizing the tRIBS model over a wide range of spatial aggregation levels. Hydrologic performance is assessed as a function of the terrain resolution, with the variability in basin response attributed to variations in the coupled surface–subsurface dynamics. In particular, resolving the near‐stream, variable source area is found to be a key determinant of model behaviour as it controls the dynamic saturation pattern and its effect on rainfall partitioning. A relationship between the hydrologic sensitivity to resolution and the spatial aggregation of terrain attributes is presented as an effective means for selecting the model resolution. Finally, the study highlights the important effects of terrain resolution on distributed hydrologic model response and provides insight into the multiple resolution calibration and validation of TIN‐based hydrology models. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

地震层析成像研究方法综述     

罗炬  李志海  王海涛 《内陆地震》2011,(4):311-320

国际上对地震层析成像的研究始于上世纪70年代末,经过30多年的发展,地震层析成像方法逐渐成熟,并越来越广泛地被运用到地球物理各个领域中.以地震层析成像方法的发展作为主线,主要介绍了地震层析成像方法和所用地震数据的发展.  相似文献   

气温插值中不同空间插值方法的适用性分析——以江苏省为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

彭彬  周艳莲  高苹  居为民 《地球信息科学学报》2011,13(4):539-548

气温是最重要的气象因子之一,空间插值为台站气象数据降尺度提供了有效方法.本文利用江苏省67个气象台站2003年的逐日气温资料计算逐月平均气温和年平均气温,结合空间分辨率为30mX 30m的DEM数据,分别利用反距离权重法、张力样条插值法、普通克里格插值法和协同克里格插值法,对月和年平均气温进行插值,并利用交叉验证法对插...  相似文献   

Fast algorithm for maneuvering target detection in SAR imagery based on gridding and fusion of texture features     

Zhan Yuan  You He  Fuqing Cai 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(3):169-176

Designing detection algorithms with high efficiency for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery is essential for the operator SAR Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) system. This work abandons the detection strategy of visiting every pixel in SAR imagery as done in many traditional detection algorithms, and introduces the gridding and fusion idea of different texture features to realize fast target detection. It first grids the original SAR imagery, yielding a set of grids to be classified into clutter grids and target grids, and then calculates the texture features in each grid. By fusing the calculation results, the target grids containing potential maneuvering targets are determined. The dual threshold segmentation technique is imposed on target grids to obtain the regions of interest. The fused texture features, including local statistics features and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), are investigated. The efficiency and superiority of our proposed algorithm were tested and verified by comparing with existing fast detection algorithms using real SAR data. The results obtained from the experiments indicate the promising practical application value of our study.  相似文献   

考虑航磁水平梯度变化的ΔT网格化方法研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

谢汝宽  王平  郭华  段树岭  刘浩军  王金龙 《地球物理学报》2013,56(2):660-666

实测航磁横向水平梯度反映垂直于测线的磁场梯度,比传统航磁ΔT数据包含测线之间更多的磁场信息.针对航磁数据网格化问题,采用Hardwick提出的方法,利用航磁水平梯度与ΔT数据构建拟测线,并结合Akima插值法,开展了双方向测线型ΔT网格化方法研究,最终实现了考虑航磁水平梯度变化的ΔT网格化;针对网格化结果中的虚假异常采取了有效滤波方法.通过理论模型数据和实际数据网格化处理,表明该方法可以突出航磁测线之间的异常细节、更清晰地反映线性构造或磁性体走向,提高了网格化的精度和分辨率.  相似文献   

格形地连墙与软土相互作用的离心试验研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

周广柱  徐伟  陈宇 《岩土力学》2011,32(Z1):134-140

格形地下连续墙（GCRW）是一种常用于软土地区的基坑开挖的新型支护结构,该结构与软土的相互作用是必须深入研究的关键问题。结合背景工程,首先进行了格形地连墙模型的设计和试验方案的制定,通过离心模型试验模拟了分步开挖基坑时格形地连墙和软土的相互作用,并把测定结果与朗肯土压力进行了比较。试验结果表明,土压力基本上呈现线性变化特征,格形地连墙因基坑开挖引起的前墙内侧土压力而产生变形和位移;格形地连墙和格子内的土体作为一个整体在土压力的作用下保持平衡,受力特征与重力式支护结构相似。支护结构处于最不利状态时,主动区土压力介于朗肯静止土压力和主动土压力之间,而被动区土压力大于朗肯被动土压力,前墙没有倾覆是因为受到了隔墙拉力  相似文献   

航空重力测量的数据归算方法     

周波阳  罗志才  钟波  姚朝龙 《大地测量与地球动力学》2015,35(2):336-341

采用径向改正方法将航线高度处的重力观测值归算到平均飞行高度面,采用交叉点两步平差法来进行测线系统误差补偿,并选用加权平均法和Shepard曲面拟合法对重力观测值作格网化处理。对美国大地测量局（NGS）发布的EN01进行数据处理,〖JP〗给出大地高6 200 m处2°×3°范围内5′×5′规则格网重力扰动数据。相对于该区域的EGM2008格网重力扰动参考值,加权平均法和Shepard曲面拟合法精度分别为±1.59 mGal和±1.36 mGal。  相似文献   

From Discrete Gravity Survey Data to a High-resolution Gravity Field Representation in the Nordic-Baltic Region     

Silja Märdla  Jonas Ågren  Gabriel Strykowski  Tõnis Oja  Artu Ellmann  René Forsberg 《Marine Geodesy》2017,40(6):416-453

The deduction of a regularly spaced gravity anomaly grid from scattered survey data is studied, addressing mainly two aspects: reduction of gravity to anomalies and subsequent interpolation by various methods. The problem is illustrated in a heterogeneous study area and contrasting test areas including mountains, low terrains, and a marine area. Provided with realistic error estimates, Least Squares Collocation interpolation of Residual Terrain Model anomalies yields the highest quality gravity grid. In most cases, the Bouguer reduction and other interpolation methods tested are equally viable. However, spline-based interpolation should be avoided in marine areas with trackwise survey data.  相似文献   

利用MFC和Surfer实现方位加权多重二次曲面插值     

胥凯雄  刘海飞  柳建新 《物探化探计算技术》2019,(2):263-269

受众多因素的影响,我们采集到的地球物理数据是离散的,这也限制了获得更多的地下信息。为了便于后期的解释工作,数据的补插网格化就至关重要。数据网格化是将空间上不均匀分布的数据,按一定方法归算成规则网格节点的代表值。这里依据方位加权二次曲面插值算法,利用MFC对话框界面与Surfer的混合编程,读取实测数据信息后,在可视化界面实现网格化处理过程。最后调用Surfer生成区域等值线图,与其内部插值方法绘制的等值线图进行比较。一方面验证了方位加权二次曲面插值算法的可适性,另一方面通过人机交互的方式简洁快速实现了庞大数据的批处理,便于用户使用。  相似文献