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11.
电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地下水中硼溴碘 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2
建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地下水中B、Br、I的方法。选定φ=2%(体积分数)的稀NH3.H2O介质消除碘的记忆效应。采用干扰较少的10B和79Br同位素。B、Br、I在0~10 000 ng/mL呈良好的线性关系。方法的检出限为10B 0.176 ng/mL,79Br 0.876ng/mL,127I 0.132 ng/mL;精密度(RSD,n=12)为10B 2.86%,79Br 3.36%,127I 2.69%;10B的阶梯加标回收率为94.6%~101.5%,79Br为98.3%~104.9%,127I为96.5%~102.0%。 相似文献
12.
气相色谱法测定地下水中六六六结果的不确定度评定 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3
依照《测量不确定度评定与表示》,对气相色谱法测定地下水中六六六(HCH)四种单体结果进行了不确定度评定。分析了测量过程中引入的不确定度来源,包括提取液体积的量取、样品提取溶液的定容体积、分析仪器的进样量、标准系列溶液的测量以及仪器重复测定等分量引入不确定度及其各参数的采集和计算方法,最后合成标准不确定度,通过乘以95%概率下的扩展因子2,获得测量结果的扩展不确定度。 相似文献
13.
Karst aquifers represent important water resources in many parts of the world. Unfortunately, karst aquifers are characterised
by high contamination risks. This paper presents a travel time based method for the estimation of karst groundwater vulnerability.
It considers (1) physics-based lateral flow within the uppermost weathered zone (epikarst) in a limestone-dominated region
and (2) high velocities of vertical infiltration at discrete infiltration points (e.g. sinkholes) or lines (e.g. dry valleys,
faults). Consequently, the Transit Time Method honours the actual flow path within the unsaturated zone of a karst aquifer
system. A test site in Northern Jordan was chosen for the demonstration of the assessment technique, i.e. the catchment area
of the Qunayyah Spring north of the capital Amman. The results demonstrate that zones of highest vulnerability lie within
valleys and nearby main fault zones. It also reveals that regions, categorised as protected areas by other methods due to
thick unsaturated zones, contribute to a major degree to the total risk. 相似文献
14.
Zhou Haiyan Zhou Xun Chai Rui Yu Lan Liu Chunhui Li Liangping 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(7):1483-1489
Thermal groundwater occurs in bedrock aquifers consisting of the dolomite of the Wumishan Group of the Jixianin System and
the Cambrian carbonate in the Xiaotangshan geothermal field near the northern margin of the North China Plain, China. The
hot water in the geothermal field of basin-type discharges partly in the form of the Xiaotangshan hot spring under natural
conditions. The hot water has TDS of less than 600 mg/L and is of Na·Ca-HCO3 type. The geothermal water receives recharge from precipitation in the mountain area with elevation of about 500 m above
sea level to the north of the spring. Thermal groundwater flows slowly south and southeast through a deep circulation with
a residence time of 224 years estimated with the Ra–Rn method. The Xiaotangshan hot spring dried up in the middle of the 1980s
owing to the increasing withdrawal of the hot water in the geothermal field in the past decades. The water level of the geothermal
system still falls continually at an annual average rate of about 2 m, although water temperature changes very little, indicating
that the recharge of such a geothermal system of basin-type is limited. Over-exploitation has a dramatic impact on the geothermal
system, and reduction in exploitation and reinjection are required for the sustainable usage of the hot water. 相似文献
15.
Phosphorus transport in shallow groundwater in peri-urban Kampala, Uganda: results from field and laboratory measurements 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To understand Phosphorus (P) sources and transport processes in the subsurface in Bwaise III Parish, Kampala, P attenuation
and adsorption capacities of soils were studied in situ and from laboratory measurements. Relationships between sorption parameters
and soil matrix properties, rates and mechanism of the adsorption process and soil P fractions were also investigated. P was
generally higher in the wet than the dry season, but for both seasons, the maximum was 5 mgP/l. P transport mechanisms appeared
to be a combination of adsorption, precipitation, leaching from the soil media and by colloids with the latter two playing
an important role in the wet season. The sorption process comprised two phases with the first stage rate constants being about
fourfold those of the second stage. The Langmuir isotherm described the sorption data well (R
2 ≥ 0.95) with the second soil layer exhibiting the highest sorption maximum (C
max) (average value 0.6 ± 0.17 mgP/gDW). The best prediction of C
max had organic carbon, Ca, available P and soil pH. Residual P consisting mostly of organics was the main fraction in all the
layers followed by inorganic HCl-P and NaOH-P in the top and middle layers, respectively. Loosely bound P (NH4Cl-P) was the least fraction (<0.4% of total P) in all layers indicating the high binding capacity of P by the soils. The
study results suggest that P dynamics is related to Ca, Fe and organic carbon content of the soils. 相似文献
16.
Response of groundwater chemistry to water deliveries in the lower reaches of Tarim River,Northwest China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yongjin Chen Kefa Zhou Yaning Chen Weihong Li Jiazhen Liu Tao Wang 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(6):1365-1373
In this paper, we analysed the monitored data from nine groundwater-monitoring transects in the lower reaches of Tarim River
during the five times of stream water deliveries to the river transect where the stream flow ceased. The results showed that
the groundwater depth in the lower reaches of Tarim River rose from −9.30 m before the conveyances to −8.17 and −6.50 m after
the first and second conveyances, −5.81 and −6.00 m after the third and fourth the conveyance, and −4.73 m after the fifth.
The horizontal extent of groundwater recharge was gradually enlarged along both sides of the channel of conveyance, i.e.,
from 250 m in width after the first conveyance to 1,050 m away from the channel after the fourth delivery. With the rising
groundwater level, the concentrations of major anions Cl−, SO42− and cations Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, as well as total dissolved solids (TDS) in groundwater underwent a significant change. The spatial variations in groundwater
chemistry indicated that the groundwater chemistry at the transect near Daxihaizi Reservoir changed earlier than that farther
from it. In the same transect, the chemical variations were earlier in the monitoring well close to watercourse than that
farther away from the stream. In general, the concentration of the major ions and TDS at each monitoring well increased remarkably
when the water delivery started, and decreased with the continued water delivery, and then increased once again at the end
of the study period. Hence, the whole study period may be divided into three stages: the initial stage, the intermediate stage
and the later stage. According to the three stages of groundwater chemistry reaction to water delivery and the relationships
between groundwater chemical properties and groundwater depths, we educe that under the situation of water delivery, the optimum
groundwater depth in the lower reaches of the Tarim River should be −5 m. 相似文献
17.
M. Mejías J. Garcia-Orellana J. L. Plata M. Marina E. Garcia-Solsona B. Ballesteros P. Masqué J. López C. Fernández-Arrojo 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(3):521-536
A methodology for the characterization of deep carbonate aquifers has been developed and applied to El Maestrazgo Jurassic
aquifer in Castellón, Spain. Characterization of these aquifer formations, located at more than 300 m deep, consisted of a
previous phase of compilation, analysis and synthesis of the existing information about the area, followed by a coordinated
combination of different speciality studies: geology, stratigraphy, structural analysis, hydrogeology, hydrochemistry, geophysics
and remote sensing. Geological studies included geological mapping, definition of stratigraphical units and facies and structural
analysis. The aim of the hydrogeology study was to define aquifer formations, recharge area, aquifer points inventory and
groundwater flow directions for the establishment of piezometric and water quality observation nets. Special techniques were
applied, like thermal infrared aerial images and the evaluation of submarine groundwater discharge by means of natural radium
isotopes. Hydrochemical techniques, including majority elements characterization and stable isotopes (18O, 2H and 3H) determination, allowed classifying hydrochemical facies and establishing a renewal pattern for water within the system.
Geophysics was useful in determining the aquifer geometry, the features of the basement and the petrophysical characteristics
of the geological formations. Preliminary results show an important tectonic complexity and the possibilities for groundwater
uses in the area of study. 相似文献
18.
乌鲁木齐河流域地下水水质监测网设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章运用地下水易污性编图及污染源分布图法进行了乌鲁木齐河流域地下水水质监测网设计。共设计了130监测孔,现有46个监测孔,另需要84个新的监测孔。按监测类型分为面源监测点22个,点源监测点87个,重点水源地与泉水监测点21个。按监测运行分长期监测点55个,流域普查监测点75个。普查监测点监测频率为1次/5年,长期监测点监测频率为1次/年。首期有针对性地在污染严重的柴窝堡新化厂排污区、乌鲁木齐河谷老排污区、米泉污灌区、米泉工业污染区、老龙河污染区取了25个污染水样测试分析,结果显示地下水已经受到严重污染。 相似文献
19.
大同盆地孔隙地下水化学场的分带规律性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文通过对大同盆地2004年孔隙地下水水化学资料的分析发现,盆地内孔隙地下水的水化学特征在水平方向上具有以盆地中部为中心,呈环状分布的特点,且与盆地水动力分区具有很好的一致性。由山前冲洪积倾斜平原到中部冲湖积平原,地下水依次经历了补给区、径流区和排泄区,相应的主要水化学类型分别为HCO3型、HCO3.SO4型和HCO3.SO4.Cl型。与中深层孔隙水相比,浅层孔隙水由于水位埋深浅,蒸发浓缩强烈,易受人类活动的影响,各组分的含量较高,变化幅度较大,水化学类型也相对复杂。浅层地下水的水质呈好转趋势,深层地下水水质基本保持稳定。 相似文献
20.
盘山山前地下水与矿泉水污染成因分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
文章利用主成分分析方法,结合揭示变量和样品之间在成因或空间上联系的对应分析,通过SPSS统计分析软件,对盘山山前地区地下水和矿泉水污染成因进行分析。研究表明,盘山山前存在地下水和矿泉水污染;局部范围的污染主要是由于食品厂等企业的排污引起的,污染成分主要是Cl-和NO3—N,主要污染地区是塔院地区,其次是西大佛塔至南营,污染程度与至污染源的距离有关;大部分地区存在三氮面状污染,农业氮肥的施用是其主要原因。 相似文献