基于RS的山地植被NPP遥感地形模型研究     

马春林 《国土资源信息化》2009,(1):33-36

以山地植被生态系统NPP遥感估测与分析为研究内容,以地学和生态学知识为基础,利用RS,GIS技术手段,综合遥感数据、DEM数据、统计数据、定位点的实测数据等多源信息,构建了NPP遥感地形模型,计算出夏尔希里自然保护区7月份的植被NPP,最终完成了夏尔希里自然保护区植被生产力的定量化。  相似文献   

数字海洋虚拟水下数字地形实现的关键技术   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

马劲松  徐寿成  贾培宏  顾国琴 《海洋测绘》2007,27(3):48-51

数字海洋是数字地球的重要组成部分,其中实现虚拟的三维水下数字地形模型尤其关键。但常规的地理信息系统软件(如ArcG IS等)尚不具备建立大区域数字海洋系统所需的一些关键功能。因此,根据数字海洋的特点,论述了数字海洋系统中实现水下数字地形的若干关键技术,即二重变换数字化技术,等深线到栅格数字地形直接生成技术,以及基于球面的三维地形显示技术等,并以数字南海系统开发作为实例,对提出的技术方法作了具体的实现验证。  相似文献   

OpenGL技术及地形三维可视化实现   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

林勇  郭建忠  魏海平  刘玉峰  贾俊涛  孟婵媛 《海洋测绘》2006,26(3):68-70,74

数字高程模型是当今地理信息产业的主要产品之一,是地形环境仿真的基础。在系统介绍三维技术的发展现状、基于OpenGL的地形三维可视化实现的基础上,提出了以数字高程模型为数据基础的三维可视化的方法,探讨了其实现中的关键技术问题,并指出了基于OpenGL的地形三维可视化、地形仿真的前景和发展趋势。  相似文献   

胶东地区玲珑双向变质核杂岩的均衡隆升：运动学涡度的指示     

吴晓冬  朱光 《地质学报》2024,98(1):31-49

在胶东半岛西北部,围绕着玲珑岩基所发育的早白垩世伸展构造,属于独特的双向变质核杂岩。这一变质核杂岩的东、西边界上,分别发育了倾斜相背的招平与焦家伸展拆离剪切带。双向变质核杂岩的剥露是否也有均衡隆升的贡献,一直没有明确的认识。本次工作以采自这两条边界拆离剪切带不同部位的糜棱岩样品为分析对象,分别应用刚性残斑长短轴比值法（具体又分别使用了Wallis投图法和刚性颗粒网格法）和石英c轴组构与主应变比值法对同一样品进行了运动学涡度测量。对于招平拆离剪切带,应用刚性残斑长短轴比值法获得的涡度值为0. 57~0. 73,而应用石英c轴组构与主应变比值法获得的涡度值为0. 80~0. 93。对于焦家剪切带,应用刚性残斑长短轴比值法获得的涡度值为0. 58~0. 74,而应用石英c轴组构与主应变比值法获得的涡度值为0. 79~0. 93。对于剪切带的同一样品,这两种测量方法给出的结果明显不同。应用刚性残斑长短轴比值法数据所获得这两条剪切带的减薄率,也明显高于应用石英c轴组构与主应变比值法数据的计算结果。理论分析与实例表明,刚性残斑长短轴比值法所获得的涡度值代表了剪切带的早期变形,而石英c轴组构与主应变比值法所得结果指示了晚期变形。由此表明,玲珑双向变质核杂岩边界拆离剪切带演化中,伴随着纯剪组分的明显降低,指示了剪切带产状的变陡,为均衡隆升的结果。均衡隆升发生在核杂岩演化的晚阶段,是早白垩世郭家岭期同构造花岗闪长岩侵位的响应。本文结果指示,双向与不对称变质核杂岩具有相似的演化规律,都经历过晚阶段均衡隆升,对中—下地壳的剥露具有重要的贡献。  相似文献   

爬流和绕流对山地突发性暴雨的影响     

金妍  李国平 《高原气象》2021,40(2):314-323

利用ERA5再分析资料和融合降水数据,针对2018年5月21-22日发生在中国四川盆地西南部的一次山地突发性暴雨,首先对其降水强度和天气概况进行相关分析,并且通过绕流和爬流方程,将流场分解为绕流和爬流分量,重点探讨地形对于过山气流的影响及其对降水的作用.研究表明:受欧亚中高纬低槽槽后西北气流引导冷空气南下和西南低涡东移...  相似文献   

Comparison of the performance of flow‐routing algorithms used in GIS‐based hydrologic analysis     

John P. Wilson  Christine S. Lam  Yongxin Deng 《水文研究》2007,21(8):1026-1044

Flow direction and specific catchment area were calculated for different flow‐routing algorithms using TAPES‐G and TauDEM. A fuzzy classification was used along with eight topo–climatic attributes to delineate six landscape classes from a 10‐m USGS DEM. A series of maps and tabular outputs were produced to compare flow‐routing predictions in different parts of the study area in the Santa Monica Mountains of southern California. The matched pair t‐test was used to compare the performance of pairs of specific catchment area grids across six user‐defined fuzzy landscape classes. The results show that (1) the ‘source’ cells predicted with the D∞, DEMON, and FD8 algorithms were confined to hilltops; (2) two single flow‐routing algorithms (Rho8, D8) produced poor results; and (3) the choice of flow‐routing algorithm has potentially important consequences for the calculation of upslope contributing areas, sediment transport capacity, topographic wetness, and several other topographic indices. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Tectonothermal evolution of the gneiss complex at Salur in the Eastern Ghats Grnaulite Belt of India     

A. K. MUKHOPADHYAY  & A. BHATTACHRYA 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1997,15(6):719-734

Textural relations, thermobarometry and petrogenetic grid considerations in the syn-tectonic granitoid massif and the enveloping metasedimentary gneisses at Salur are consistent with a counter-clockwise P–T –t path for the rocks. The low-P/high-T prograde sector is documented by the pre- to syn-D₁ cordierite±orthopyroxene±garnet±spinel–bearing metatexite leucosomes in metapelites. Heating and loading of the rocks (syn- to post-D₁) resulted in the formation of garnet+orthopyroxene± cordierite-bearing diatexites, and decomposition of cordierite in metatexite leucosomes to orthopyroxene+sillimanite+biotite+quartz symplectites. Near-peak temperature, 850 °C at 8.0 kbar, was reached syn- to post-D₂. Post-peak cooling resulted in the stabilization of coronal grossular and anorthite+calcite symplectites at the expense of scapolite+wollastonite+calcite assemblages in calc-silicate gneisses, and the resetting of cation exchange temperatures at 700–750 °C. Near-isothermal decompression at c. 700–750 °C is manifested by the decomposition of garnet porphyroblasts in the granitoid gneisses to plagioclase+orthopyroxene/ilmenite/biotite two-phase coronas and restabilization of cordierite at garnet margins in metapelites. Subsequent low-P, near-isobaric cooling led to the overprinting of granulite facies assemblages by muscovite+calcite assemblages, and further resetting of cation exchange thermometers to lower temperatures c. 600 °C. The tectonothermal evolution of the Salur gneiss complex vis-a-vis the Eastern Ghats Belt is therefore consistent with high degrees of lower crustal melting, followed by prograde heating of the cover rocks due to magma invasion synchronous with crustal compression, and finally thermal relaxation over a protracted period punctuated by tectonic/erosional denudation of the thickened crust.  相似文献   

南秦岭碧口群岩石组合特征及其构造意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

裴先治 《地球科学与环境学报》1989,(2)

碧口群是扬子板块西北缘中晚元古代古海沟—岛弧体系的重要组成部分。岩石组合、岩石化学及稀土元素特征研究表明,其下部为蛇绿岩组合,以大洋E型拉斑玄武岩为特征,代表古俯冲杂岩;上部为重力流沉积组合,以火山质碎屑浊积岩及陆源碎屑浊积岩为特征,类似于海沟型复理石组合,代表古海沟堆积。同时构造变形及变质作用特征表明,在蛇绿岩分布区发育有大型韧性剪切带和高压低温变质的蓝闪片岩。由此可见碧口群属于中晚元古代扬子板块西北缘的古海沟—俯冲地体。  相似文献   

Geochemical constraints of the eclogite and granulite facies metamorphism as recognized in the Raobazhai complex from North Dabie Shan,China     

Y. L. Xiao  J. Hoefs  A. M. Van Den Kerkhof  S. G Li 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2001,19(1):3-19

A combined study of major and trace elements, fluid inclusions and oxygen isotopes has been carried out on garnet pyroxenite from the Raobazhai complex in the North Dabie Terrane (NDT). Well‐preserved compositional zoning with Na decreasing and Ca and Mg increasing from the core to rim of pyroxene in the garnet pyroxenite indicates eclogite facies metamorphism at the peak metamorphic stage and subsequent granulite facies metamorphism during uplift. A P–T path with substantial heating (from c. 750 to 900 °C) after the maximum pressure reveals a different uplift history compared with most other eclogites in the South Dabie Terrane (SDT). Fluid inclusion data can be correlated with the metamorphic grade: the fluid regime during the peak metamorphism (eclogite facies) was dominated by N₂‐bearing NaCl‐rich solutions, whereas it changed into CO₂‐dominated fluids during the granulite facies retrograde metamorphism. At a late retrograde metamorphic stage, probably after amphibolite facies metamorphism, some external low‐salinity fluids were involved. In situ UV‐laser oxygen isotope analysis was undertaken on a 7 mm garnet, and impure pyroxene, amphibole and plagioclase. The nearly homogeneous oxygen isotopic composition (δ¹⁸O_VSMOW = c. 6.7‰) in the garnet porphyroblast indicates closed fluid system conditions during garnet growth. However, isotopic fractionations between retrograde phases (amphibole and plagioclase) and garnet show an oxygen isotopic disequilibrium, indicating retrograde fluid–rock interactions. Unusual MORB‐like rare earth element (REE) patterns for whole rock of the garnet pyroxenite contrast with most ultra‐high‐pressure (UHP) eclogites in the Dabie‐Sulu area. However, the age‐corrected initial ε_Nd(t) is ? 2.9, which indicates that the protolith of the garnet pyroxenite was derived from an enriched mantle rather than from a MORB source. Combined with the present data of oxygen isotopic compositions and the characteristic N₂ content in the fluid inclusions, we suggest that the protolith of the garnet pyroxenite from Raobazhai formed in an enriched mantle fragment, which has been exposed to the surface prior to the Triassic metamorphism.  相似文献   

闽南丘陵区典型小流域空间框架数据采集与应用     

李新通 《福建地理》2007,(4)

综合利用Photoshop、Geoway、MapInfo、ArcView等软件提供的处理技术,通过对扫描得到的地形、土地利用和水土流失等要素图进行图像剪切、拼接、配准、采样、跟踪、调整以及属性表的维护等一系列处理步骤,建立了大比例尺小流域地理空间框架数据集,提供了小流域空间框架数据采集与应用的技术流程与方法,提出应用各种软件进行大比例尺空间框架数据处理过程中应当注意的各种细节问题.最后,以闽南丘陵地区草子坝小流域为例,利用ArcView的3D Analyst、Spatial Analyst、Geoprocessing等扩展模块以及MapInfo SQL查询功能,对流域空间框架数据进行处理,得到了用于比较精细空间尺度上表达流域三维地形模型、坡度、坡向、河流垂直剖面、晕渲,不同高程上的土地利用类型等专题应用结果.  相似文献