基于语义规则的高分辨率影像道路交叉口提取方法     

李润生  司毅博  马德宝  曲梦雅 《测绘科学技术学报》2017,34(2)

为了准确提取遥感影像上道路交叉口目标,提出一种利用特征语义规则从高分辨率影像上提取道路交叉口的方法。该算法构建交叉口模型时将其视为由同质区域像素集合及区域轮廓边界构成的面对象,提取过程分为两步:1)利用辐射、纹理特征语义匹配提取交叉口候选区域;2)通过几何特征语义匹配筛选候选区域、识别交叉口属性。利用多源遥感影像对算法正确性及合理性进行验证,结果表明:算法能准确、完整地提取道路交叉口,可为影像道路网构建提供辅助信息。  相似文献   

埋设地下光缆对武都地电影响的分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

高曙德  严正  康好林  苏永刚 《地震工程学报》1999,21(4):433-435

着重探讨武都地电台测区埋设地下光缆后北西道地电阻率测值急剧上升的原因.通过实际观测、理论分析和实验,总结出了这种变化的机制,定量地解释了埋设地下光缆对地电观测的影响,从而为以后判断地电测值变化是干扰还是地震异常提供了依据.  相似文献   

Interaction between a circular opening and fractures originating from its boundary in a piecewise homogeneous plane     

S. G. Mogilevskaya  L. Rothenburg  M. B. Dusseault 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2000,24(12):947-970

The complex variables boundary element method (CVBEM) is used to study interaction between a circular opening and fractures originating from its boundary in a piecewise homogeneous plane. A new complex hypersingular equation for piecewise homogeneous media with a circular opening is obtained. The equation is solved using the CVBEM technique with circular and straight boundary elements and polynomial approximations (with square root asymptotics for crack tip elements) for the unknown functions. The algorithm is verified through comparison with known semi‐analytical and numerical solutions that involve interaction between a circular opening and specific systems of cracks or other openings. New numerical results concerning the interaction of the circular opening with the cracks and circular inclusions are presented. The method is applied to an important problem in the petroleum industry: modelling propagation of hydraulic fractures in the vicinity of a borehole. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

不透水地基上均质土坝渗流自由面的有限元计算     

牛文杰  叶为民 《岩土力学》2007,28(Z1):375-378

为了保证土坝安全,水利工程中需要对土坝进行渗流计算,首先需要确定自由面。根据达西定律和渗流连续方程,以及水头和流量边界条件,建立了不透水地基上的均质土坝渗流的计算模型。利用Geoslope软件,采用有限元离散的方法计算了土坝的渗流自由面,并分析了土坝在不同的渗透系数情况下的自由面位置的差异。最后,解析解计算的自由面结果验证了有限元计算自由面方法是正确的。  相似文献   

一种横观各向同性岩体蠕变模型     

李列列  管俊峰  肖明砾  刘海朝  唐克东 《岩土力学》2020,41(9):2922-2930

层状岩体由于层理面或者结构面的存在,在力学上具有横观各向同性的特点,现有的各向同性蠕变模型难以全面反映横观各向同性岩体的蠕变力学特性。为构建能够反映横观各向同性岩体的三维蠕变模型,以能反映瞬时应变、减速蠕变和稳态蠕变特征的黏弹性Burgers模型为基础,基于常泊松比假定,在三维各向同性蠕变本构方程的基础上,按照算子替换的方法,将横观各向同性柔度矩阵代替各向同性柔度矩阵,并考虑了平行和垂直层理方向岩体蠕变力学行为的差异性,推导了横观各向同性岩体的三维蠕变本构方程。根据本构方程的特点,提出了根据平行和垂直方向岩体蠕变试验结果进行三维蠕变本构模型中蠕变参数的辨识方法。将提出的模型应用于三轴蠕变试验参数辨识,从而获得了一套完整的三维蠕变参数,并与试验结果进行对比分析,从而验证了所提模型与方法的合理性和有效性。进一步,指出了传统蠕变试验设计方案的局限性,给出了横观各向同性材料蠕变试验设计建议。研究成果为研究岩体三维蠕变机制提供了新思路,可对岩体蠕变试验设计提供相应的科研支撑。  相似文献   

横观各向同性场地中埋置衬砌隧道对qP波的散射          下载免费PDF全文

巴振宁  安东辉  梁建文  高旭 《地震工程学报》2020,42(4):948-954

采用间接边界元法(IBEM)结合"分区契合"技术,研究qP波入射下横观各向同性(TI)场地中衬砌隧道的动力响应问题。方法充分利用半空间和全空间动力格林函数在分别构造含孔半无限空间域和闭合域内散射波场方面的优势,将含有衬砌隧道的层状弹性半空间分解为含孔半无限空间域和一个环形衬砌闭合域来分别进行波场构造,有效地降低了求解时间和存储量。文中验证方法的正确性,并以均匀TI半空间和基岩上单一TI土层为例,计算分析弹性半空间场地中隧道衬砌内表面动应力放大问题。结果表明qP波入射下,TI介质与各向同性介质场地中埋置衬砌隧道的动力响应差异显著,TI介质参数的变化导致场地动力特性的改变,进而改变场地与衬砌隧道的动力相互作用机制,显著影响着衬砌内表面动应力的大小及其空间分布。  相似文献   

利用灰岩断层面形貌特征识别罗云山山前断裂古地震信息     

邹俊杰  何宏林  石峰  魏占玉  苏鹏  闫小兵 《地震地质》2019,41(2):400-418

以山西地堑系罗云山山前断裂的基岩断层面为例,用陆基Li DAR扫描获取了断层面形貌学数据,采用各向同性变差函数法计算了断层面形貌的分维值。结果显示,断层面形貌在高度上具有显著的分带性,每个分带的特征分维值随断层面高度的增加呈阶跃式变化。分析认为这种形貌特征可能反映了断层面与多次地震相关的间歇式出露方式。分带高度指示了约3m和1m的2组同震倾滑位移量,各分带之间的分维值过渡带是断层面缓慢剥露的结果。与片麻岩区的断层面形貌学研究结果相比,灰岩断层面形貌学分维值随着暴露时间的增加而减小,2种岩性区的断层面分维值D与断层面高度H呈现类似镜像的关系,在气候构造条件大致相同的情况下,考虑为岩性差异的影响。  相似文献   

A novel bidirectional pendulum tuned mass damper using variable homogeneous friction to achieve amplitude-independent control     

Emiliano Matta 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(6):653-677

Passive tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are widely used in controlling structural vibrations. Although their principle is well established, the search for improved arrangements is still under way. This effort has recently produced an innovative paradigm of bidirectional pendulum TMD (BTMD) that, moving along a specially designed three-dimensional (3D) surface, can simultaneously control two in-plane orthogonal structural modes. In existing versions of BTMDs, energy dissipation is provided either by ordinary horizontal viscous dampers or by an original arrangement of vertical friction dampers. In this paper, a new paradigm is proposed, in which energy dissipation comes from the tangential friction arising along the pendulum surface out of an optimal spatially variable friction coefficient pattern. Within this paradigm, if the friction coefficient is taken proportional to the modulus of the pendulum surface gradient, the dissipation model results nonlinear homogeneous in the small-displacement domain, and the performance of the absorber, herein called the homogeneous tangential friction BTMD (HT-BTMD), results independent from the excitation level. The present work introduces this concept, derives the analytical model of the HT-BTMD, establishes a method for its optimal design, and numerically verifies its seismic effectiveness in comparison with viscously damped devices. The validity and feasibility of the concept are demonstrated through experimental tests on a small-scale lab prototype, which also show the efficacy of a stepwise approximation of the homogeneous friction pattern. The new device proves a competing alternative to existing BTMDs, and homogeneous tangential friction proves a promising new paradigm to provide pendular systems with amplitude-independent structural damping.  相似文献   

冲绳海槽西南部火山岩熔体包裹体的均一温度及对岩浆混合的指示意义     

李雪丽  曾志刚  李晓辉  陈祖兴  张玉祥  齐海燕 《海洋科学》2021,45(11):82-95

冲绳海槽西南部流纹岩和安山岩斜长石中发育大量玻璃质熔体包裹体,安山岩斜长石中熔体包裹体的均一温度较高（1050-1200℃）,而流纹岩斜长石中熔体包裹体有两个明显不同的均一温度峰值段（900-1000℃,1150-1200℃）,呈“双峰”式均一温度特征。熔体包裹体的均一温度特征与流纹岩和安山岩中斜长石的环带结构及An值变化特征一致,说明安山岩中斜长石主要在高温阶段结晶,而流纹岩中斜长石经历了两个不同的结晶阶段。结合流纹岩斜长石存在明显的环带结构及两种差异较大的An值特征,作者认为熔体包裹体的“双峰”式均一温度特征指示该地区发生了不同期次岩浆的混合作用。岩浆携带早期高温阶段结晶（1150-1200℃）的高An值偏基性斜长石向上运移,注入浅部较低温酸性岩浆房（900-1000℃）,发生混合作用,偏基性的斜长石在进入酸性岩浆房后被重新吸收,形成包含有较高均一温度熔体包裹体的核部（高An）,然后继续结晶生长形成包含有较低均一温度熔体包裹体的边部（低An）,表明冲绳海槽西南部地区下部岩浆房内存在复杂的岩浆混合作用。  相似文献   

Elastic solutions for a transversely isotropic half-space subjected to buried asymmetric-loads     

C. D. Wang  J. J. Liao 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1999,23(2):115-139

Elastic closed-form solutions for the displacements and stresses in a transversely isotropic half-space subjected to various buried loading types are presented. The loading types include finite line loads and asymmetric loads (such as uniform and linearly varying rectangular loads, or trapezoidal loads). The planes of transverse isotropy are assumed to be parallel to its horizontal surface. These solutions are directly obtained from integrating the point load solutions in a transversely isotropic half-space, which were derived using the principle of superposition, Fourier and Hankel transformation techniques. The solutions for the displacements and stresses in transversely isotropic half-spaces subjected to linearly variable loads on a rectangular region are never mentioned in literature. These exact solutions indicate that the displacements and stresses are influenced by several factors, such as the buried depth, the loading types, and the degree and type of rock anisotropy. Two illustrative examples, a vertical uniform and a vertical linearly varying rectangular load acting on the surface of transversely isotropic rock masses, are presented to show the effect of various parameters on the vertical surface displacement and vertical stress. The results indicate that the displacement and stress distributions accounted for rock anisotropy are quite different for those calculated from isotropic solutions. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献